1、20152016高一定語從句導學案高一定語從句（theAttributiveClause）導學案【學習目標】：1、掌握定語從句的定義。2、掌握關系代詞that,who,which,whom和whose的用法。3、掌握關系副詞when,where,why的用法。4、掌握介詞+which的用法5.、能夠靈活運用定語從句。【學習方法】：1、根據學案中所給出的練習總結定語從句的用法。2、背誦典型句子3、多做練習進行運用和分析【語法知識點】1 .定語從句-在復合句中充當定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句的作用相當于形容詞，用來修飾主句中的某一名強、代詞或整個主句2 .先行詞-被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行

2、詞、定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。3 .關系詞-在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關系詞，分成關系代詞和關系副詞.4 .關系代詞和關系副詞有三大作用：連接一連接定語從句和主句替代一替代前面的先行詞成分一在定語從句中充當一定的句子成分（主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語）例1.Ahugecrack（thatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswide）（先行詞）（關系詞）（定語從句）cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.【學習過程】Part1.關系詞的使用1、完成表格關系代詞先行詞（指人或

3、物）在從句中充當什么成分例句分析that指人/物作主語、賓語（作賓語時可以省略）Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometres10ngandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Idon'tknowaboutthemanthat)youmentioned.who指人作主語Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.whom指人作賓語（可以省略）Theman(whom)youmetyesterdayisMr.Smith

4、.Theboy(whom)youarelookingforishiddenbehindthetree.which指物作主語、賓語(作賓語時可以省略)Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Thepen（which）myunclegavemeismissing.whose指人/物作定語Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.=.thehomesofwhomhadbeendestroye

5、d.=ofwhomthehomeshadbeendestroyed【注】whose+n=the+n.+ofwhich/whom或ofwhich/whom+the+n.as正如.指人/物作主語、賓語(/、可省略)Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.Asweallhadexpected,Liuxiangwonthegoldmedalinthecompetition.關系副詞先行詞在從句中充當什么成分例句分析when二介詞+which時間時間狀語Istillrememberthedaywhe

6、n/onwhichIfirstcametoTaishanNo.1HighSchool.where二介詞+which地點地點狀語Thisisthev川agewhere/inwhichIeve門ived.why=for+which原因原因狀語Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichheisabsent?【注】定語從句的關系副詞whenwherewhy=介詞+which,但反之并不一定。如：EnglishisthesubjectinwhichI'minterested.2.做題方法：(1)找先行詞(2)還原-把先行詞放入定語從句(3)確定關系詞【練習1】用關系代詞that

7、,who,whom,which或whose填空，并指出它們在從句中作何成分。1. TheeggsIboughtyesterdaywerenotfresh.（作）2. Heprefersthegoosecomesfromhisparents（作'farm.）3. Thenoodlesyoucookedweredelicious.（作）4. Hesawahousewindowswereallbroken.（作）5. Themanlivesnexttoussellsvegetables;.（作）6. Idon'tlikethepeoplesmokealot作）7. Ipreferdu

8、mplingshavejustbeencooked.（作）8. Don'tdrinkwaterhasnotbeenboiled作）9. Themanyoumetjustnowismyteacher.（作）10. Planeisamachinecanfly.（作）觀察下面兩組句子1. A.ThisisthehouseIoncelivedin.先行詞指，關系詞在句中作語，應填。8. ThisisthehouseIoncelived.先行詞指，關系詞在句中作語，你知道應填什么關系詞嗎?2. A.Hewasborninadaywasveryhot.先行詞指,關系詞在H中作語，應填。8. Hew

9、asborninadayitwasveryhot.先行詞指,關系詞在H中作語。【指點迷津】當把先行詞放回定語從句時，需要加上一個介詞，說明先行詞在定語從句中充當狀語。如：WhenIarrived,BryantookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying.（還原：Iwouldbestayinginthehouse）【練習2用關系副詞when,where,why填空，并指出它們在從句中作何成分。1. IrememberthedayIfirstcometotheschool.2. BeijingistheplaceIwasborn.3. Thisisthefactor

10、yIvisitedlastyear.4. Isthisthereasonherefusedtohelpyou?5. I'llneverforgettheyearsIspentwithyouinthecity.6. Wealldidn'tbelievethereasonsaidheustnow.【指點迷津】在定語從句中，如其先行詞是抽象名詞situation,point,position,condition,case,scene,spot,stage等，如定語從句不缺主語、賓語和表語，則用關系副詞whereoccasion-場合（where）;-時機;機會（when）。如：Weh

11、avereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.（2008東）Ihaveneverbeentosuchanoccasionwherepeoplealldressformally.Ex.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.which.C.whileD.why3、that和which關系代詞只用that

12、的情況:先行詞被最高級、序數詞修飾時。先行詞是all,any,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代詞時當主句是who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只用that先行詞既包括人又包括物時。先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thela影飾時。(1).ThisisthehighestbuildingI'veeverseen.Ireallydidn'tknowanythinghappenedtoJimyesterday.一Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere?Oh,heismymathteache

13、r.Theyaretalkingaboutthingsandpersonstheysawthereafewdaysago.關系代詞只用which的情況:引導非限制性定語從句;關系詞前有介詞；先行詞本身是that(1).Thetree,isfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.Wedependonthelanfromwegetourfood.Thatyoutoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.who和that在什么情況下只用who不用that?all/those作先行詞且指人； 在therebe結構中，先行詞指人； 先行詞是指人的不定代

14、詞one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none(1) .Thosewanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.(2) .Thereisastrangerwantstoseeyou.(3) .Onedoesn'tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.4、先行詞是way的定語從句1) Thewayyousolvedtheproblemisnotthebestone.2) Thisisthewayhetoldmetosolvetheproblem.【指點迷津】當先

15、行詞是theway且在定語從句中充當狀語時，關系連詞有三種情況:inwhich/that/省略Part2.介詞+which/whom1 .分析下列例句：(1) Themanwhomheistalkingtoismyfather.Themanjowhomheistalkingismyfather.(2) ThisisthepenwhichIwrotetheletterwith.ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.【指點迷津】(1)介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句時，如先行詞是物，用介詞+which;如先行詞是人，用介詞+whom(2)當介詞位于定語從句的末尾時

16、，可將介詞提前到關系詞前，構成介詞+which/whom(3)在固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞位于關系代詞之前o如：lookafter,takecareof,lookfor等。判斷正誤：ThisisthepenforwhichI'mlooking(ThisisthepenwhichI'mlookingfor.()2 .如何確定定語從句中的介詞？先找出定語從句，將先行詞放入定語從句中1)看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配Thisisthebookwhichyouasked2)看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配Hereferredmetosomereferenc

17、ebookswhichIamnotveryfamiliar.3)根據先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞搭配Thisisourclassroom,whichthereisateacher'sdesk.【練習】用恰當的介詞+which/whom填空1. Thisistherocktheboyfelldownintothesea.2. Thefilmstarwetalkedalotyesterdaywillgiveusaspeechtomorrow.3. TheWestLakeHangzhouisfamousintheworldwillbemorebeautiful.4. Thereasonhe

18、couldnotgotherewasthathisgradewastoolow.5. TheprofessorMr.Smithshookhandsyesterdayhasmadenewdiscoveriesinscience.6. Couldyoutellmethedayyouarrived?Part3定語從句中的動詞的數1. Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho(have)gotthischance.2. Heisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho(have)gottheteacher'spraise3. Those

19、who(want)togotothecinemamustbeattheschoolgateby3:30p.m.4. Anyonewho(want)togotothecinemamustbeattheschoolgateby3:30p.m.【指點迷津】關系詞在定語從句中做主語時，謂語動詞的數取決于先行詞Part4課后鞏固練習一.選擇最佳選項。1. Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'tbefound.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.inthat2. Thattree,branchesarealmostbare,isveryold

20、.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich3. Thosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.wholearnC.thatlearnsD.who4. Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst5. Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwi

21、thD.youtalkedabout6. Thetrainshewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat7. Doyoustillrememberthehappydaysweswamintheriverinourvillage?A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where8. MaythefourthisthedayweChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich9. Thehotelwestayedduringourholidaysstan

22、dsbytheseaside.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.that10. Isthatthereasonyouareinfavouroftheproposal?A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat11. Idon'tlikeou_speaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich12. ThereisonlyonethingIcando.A.whatB.thatC.allD.which13. Ihavemanybooks,someofareonchemistry.A.themB.t

23、hatC.whichD.those14. Ilikethesecondfootballmatchwasheldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./15. Thisisoneofthebestfilmsthisyear.A.thathavebeenshownB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownD.thathasshown16. ShewastheonlyoneofthegirlsinourclassacceptedascandidateforthepresidentofourStudents'Union.A.whowasB.whowe

24、reC.whohasbeenD.whohavebeen17. ThisisthemagazineIcopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich18. RecentlyIboughtasecond-handcarwasverylow.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhoseC.itspriceD.whoseprice19. AnyonewithwhatIsaidmayraiseyourhand.A.thatagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.thatagree20. Thegreatdaywel

25、ookedforwardtoatlast.A.cameB.comeC.coming二.用關系詞填空。1. TheplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.2. DoyouknowtheyeartheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?3. Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefactorywehavebeenworkingsincethen.4. Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofsatasmallboy.5. Isthereanyoneinyourcla

26、ssfamilyisinthecountry?6. Theletterisfrommysister,isworkinginBeijing.7. Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsofarewomen.8. Iwillneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywespenttogether.9. Weadmirehimforthewayhefacesdifficulties.10. Thereasonhedidn'tcomewashewasill.11. -Didyouasktheguardwha

27、thappened?-Yes,hetoldmeallheknew.12. Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?13. Therearecasestheword“mighty"isusedasanadverb.14. Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointhecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.15. ThereareseveralresearchcentersinChinaacertaindiseasecalledBirdFluisbeingstudied.16. isk

28、nowntoeverybody,TaiwanisapartofChina.17. Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheoldtheyswaminit.18. Whoisthewomanissweepingtheflooroverthere?19. Theprofessorstalkedwithusaboutthebeautifulschoolsandtheexperiencedteacherstheyhadseen.20. Womendrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofha

29、vingheartdiseasethanthosedon't.21. IwillhirethemantheysayisagoodEnglishspeaker.22. Afterreadingyourproposal,thereisonepointIdon'tagree.三.用介詞+關系代詞填空。（每空一詞）1. Thehoteltheyarestayingisaveryfamousone.2. ThepenIdomyhomeworkisabirthdaypresentfrommyfather.3. Isthisthecaryoupaidahighprice?4. Thegent

30、lemanyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.5. Isthisthevillagethegreatscientistwasbornfortyyearsago?6. Theprofessorweoftenturnforhelpwillcometoourpartytonight.四、單句改錯1. ThestoryhappenedinNovemberonwhichtheweatherwasverycold2. Stellaisoneoftheengineerswhoisfitforthetask3. Mr.Williamshastwosons,bothofwhom

31、lookslikehim.4. Whenwepassedtheplacewhichthedeadboylay,eachofussaluted5. Isthisthehorsethatyouspentfivehoursdrawingityesterday?6. Thosewhohasfinishedtheexercisesmayleavetheclassroomnow.7. Childreneatalotofsweetsorchocolateoftenhavebadteeth.8. Mr.Greenisalwaysworkinghardshouldgetarise.9. Johnistheonl

32、yoneofthestudentsthathavebeenabroad.10.Icareaboutnothingwhichisgoingonthere.四.用定語從句合并下列句子。1. Thefactoryisasmallone.Thefactorystandsneartheriver2. Haveyouansweredtheletter?Yougotthatlettertwoweeksago3. I'llneverforgettheday.OnthatdayIjoinedtheLeague.4. WearenotallowedtodosoTellmethereason.5. Theb

33、oystudentisveryyoung.Hewonthegame.6. ThetownhasbecomeafamouscityHegrewupinthetown.7. IspendmychildhoodinSuzhou.IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIleft8. HeisleavingforWuhantomeethisdaughterHehasnotseenthegirlforyears9. Doyouknowtheman?Hissonisafamousscientist10. MyuncleboughtthebicyclelastweekThebicycleh

34、asbeenstolen.Part4名言警句中的定語從句1. Hewhoisilltohimselfwillbegoodtonobody.人不自愛，焉能愛人？2. Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。3. Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing不犯錯誤的人一事無成。4. Allthatglittersisnotgold.閃閃發光者，未必皆黃金。5. Opportunityandluckalwaysshowsappreciationforthose_whoareboldinstruggling.機遇和幸運總是垂青勇于奮斗的人。6.

35、 Theonlythingthatwehavetofearisfea門tself.唯一讓我們恐懼的事就是恐懼本身.7. HewhodoesHtreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman不至U長城非好漢Part5課后拓展【自主學習】-定語從句典型錯誤例析1 .我給他看了我上周在杭州的照片誤IshowedhimthephotosItooktheminHangzhoulastweek.正IshowedhimthephotosItookinHangzhoulastweek.析關系代詞或關系副詞既代替先行詞，又在定語從句中充當一定的成分。例句為省略了關系代詞(that/which)的定

36、語從句，that/which指代thephotos,在定語從句中充當took的賓語，故them多余，應去掉。2 .那個正在修理汽車的人是我的叔叔。誤Themanismendingthecarismyuncle.正Themanwho/thatismendingthecarismyuncle.析關系代詞在定語從句中充當主語時不可省略，只有作賓語時才能省略that。本旬還可以譯為Themanmendingthecarismyuncle.-ing形式短語mendingthecar作theman的后置定語。)3 .這只風箏是你父親昨天為你扎的嗎？誤Isthiskiteyourfathermadefory

37、ouyesterday?正Isthiskitetheone(that)yourfathermadeforyouyesterday?析若把this看作kite的修飾語，短語thiskite為主句的主語，這時我們可以看出主句中缺少表語，即定語從句的先行詞，所以應該加上代詞theone。如果我們把this看作代詞，作句子的主語，那么kite應該為句子的表語，則可以看出先行詞kite前缺少定冠詞the。故本旬還可改為：Isthisthekite(that/which)yourfathermadeforyouyesterday?4.她告訴我的就這些。誤Thisisallwhichshetoldme.正T

38、hisisall(that)shetoldme.析當先行詞為all,none,one,any,few,little,everything,anything,nothing或先行詞前有序數詞，形容詞最高級修飾時，關系代詞只能用that。另外，本句還可以譯為Thisiswhatshetoldme不過此時what引導的是表語從句，而不是定語從句。5 .這是我們明天要討論的問題。誤Thisistheproblemaboutthatwe'lltalktomorrow.正Thisistheproblemaboutwhichwelltalktomorrow.正Thisistheproblem(tha

39、t/which)we'lltalkabouttomorrow.析介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句，先行詞指人時，關系代詞用whom；指物時，關系代詞用whicho另外，有些固定短語如lookafter,listento等，一般也不能將介詞提到關系代詞之前。6 .從這兒可以看到屋頂的那幢建筑物是鎮里最大的超市。誤Thebuilding,whichroofcanbeseenhere,isthebiggestsupermarketintown.正Thebuilding,whoseroofcanbeseenhere,isthebiggestsupermarketintown.析分析句意可知，bui

40、lding和roof之間存在所屬關系，故應用whose,whose在引導從句定語從句時既可指人又可指物，通常可與ofwhich互換使用，因此本旬還可以表示為：Thebuilding,theroofofwhich(ofwhichtheroof)canbeseenhere,isthebiggestsupermarketintown.7 .人沒有空氣就不能生存，這是很自然的。誤Whichisverynatural,mancan'tlivewithoutair.正Mancan'tlivewithoutair,which/asisverynatural.正Asisverynatural,mancan'tlivewithoutair.析which/as都可以引導非限定性定語從句，在從句中作主語，表語，賓語。但which引導的從句只能放在主句之后，而as引導的從句位置比較靈活，可以位于句首，句中或旬末。8 .他是今天早晨遲到的學生之一。誤Hewasoneofthestudentswhowaslatethismorning.正Hewasoneofthestuden