1、Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision announces higher global minimum capital standards12 September 2021At its 12 September 2021 meeting, the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision, the oversight body of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, announced a substantial strengthening of

2、existing capital requirements and fully endorsed the agreements it reached on 26 July 2021. These capital reforms, together with the introduction of a global liquidity standard, deliver on the core of the global financial reform agenda and will be presented to the Seoul G20 Leaders summit in Novembe

3、r. The Committee's package of reforms will increase the minimum common equity requirement from 2% to 4.5%. In addition, banks will be required to hold a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% to withstand future periods of stress bringing the total common equity requirements to 7%. This reinforces

4、the stronger definition of capital agreed by Governors and Heads of Supervision in July and the higher capital requirements for trading, derivative and securitisation activities to be introduced at the end of 2021. Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank and Chairman of the Gr

5、oup of Governors and Heads of Supervision, said that "the agreements reached today are a fundamental strengthening of global capital standards." He added that "their contribution to long term financial stability and growth will be substantial. The transition arrangements will enable b

6、anks to meet the new standards while supporting the economic recovery." Mr Nout Wellink, Chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and President of the Netherlands Bank, added that "the combination of a much stronger definition of capital, higher minimum requirements and the i

7、ntroduction of new capital buffers will ensure that banks are better able to withstand periods of economic and financial stress, therefore supporting economic growth." 文檔收集自網絡，僅用于個人學習Increased capital requirements Under the agreements reached today, the minimum requirement for common equity, th

8、e highest form of loss absorbing capital, will be raised from the current 2% level, before the application of regulatory adjustments, to 4.5% after the application of stricter adjustments. This will be phased in by 1 January 2021. The Tier 1 capital requirement, which includes common equity and othe

9、r qualifying financial instruments based on stricter criteria, will increase from 4% to 6% over the same period. (Annex 1 summarises the new capital requirements.) The Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision also agreed that the capital conservation buffer above the regulatory minimum requiremen

10、t be calibrated at 2.5% and be met with common equity, after the application of deductions. The purpose of the conservation buffer is to ensure that banks maintain a buffer of capital that can be used to absorb losses during periods of financial and economic stress. While banks are allowed to draw o

11、n the buffer during such periods of stress, the closer their regulatory capital ratios approach the minimum requirement, the greater the constraints on earnings distributions. This framework will reinforce the objective of sound supervision and bank governance and address the collective action probl

12、em that has prevented some banks from curtailing distributions such as discretionary bonuses and high dividends, even in the face of deteriorating capital positions. 資料個人收集整理，勿做商業用途A countercyclical buffer within a range of 0% - 2.5% of common equity or other fully loss absorbing capital will be imp

13、lemented according to national circumstances. The purpose of the countercyclical buffer is to achieve the broader macroprudential goal of protecting the banking sector from periods of excess aggregate credit growth. For any given country, this buffer will only be in effect when there is excess credi

14、t growth that is resulting in a system wide build up of risk. The countercyclical buffer, when in effect, would be introduced as an extension of the conservation buffer range. These capital requirements are supplemented by a non-risk-based leverage ratio that will serve as a backstop to the risk-bas

15、ed measures described above. In July, Governors and Heads of Supervision agreed to test a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 3% during the parallel run period. Based on the results of the parallel run period, any final adjustments would be carried out in the first half of 2021 with a view to migrating

16、 to a Pillar 1 treatment on 1 January 2021 based on appropriate review and calibration. Systemically important banks should have loss absorbing capacity beyond the standards announced today and work continues on this issue in the Financial Stability Board and relevant Basel Committee work streams. T

17、he Basel Committee and the FSB are developing a well integrated approach to systemically important financial institutions which could include combinations of capital surcharges, contingent capital and bail-in debt. In addition, work is continuing to strengthen resolution regimes. The Basel Committee

18、 also recently issued a consultative document Proposal to ensure the loss absorbency of regulatory capital at the point of non-viability. Governors and Heads of Supervision endorse the aim to strengthen the loss absorbency of non-common Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital instruments. Transition arrangements

19、Since the onset of the crisis, banks have already undertaken substantial efforts to raise their capital levels. However, preliminary results of the Committee's comprehensive quantitative impact study show that as of the end of 2021, large banks will need, in the aggregate, a significant amount o

20、f additional capital to meet these new requirements. Smaller banks, which are particularly important for lending to the SME sector, for the most part already meet these higher standards. The Governors and Heads of Supervision also agreed on transitional arrangements for implementing the new standard

21、s. These will help ensure that the banking sector can meet the higher capital standards through reasonable earnings retention and capital raising, while still supporting lending to the economy. The transitional arrangements, which are summarised in Annex 2, include: National implementation by member

22、 countries will begin on 1 January 2021. Member countries must translate the rules into national laws and regulations before this date. As of 1 January 2021, banks will be required to meet the following new minimum requirements in relation to risk-weighted assets (RWAs): 3.5% common equity/RWAs; 4.5

23、% Tier 1 capital/RWAs, and 8.0% total capital/RWAs. The minimum common equity and Tier 1 requirements will be phased in between 1 January 2021 and 1 January 2021. On 1 January 2021, the minimum common equity requirement will rise from the current 2% level to 3.5%. The Tier 1 capital requirement will

24、 rise from 4% to 4.5%. On 1 January 2021, banks will have to meet a 4% minimum common equity requirement and a Tier 1 requirement of 5.5%. On 1 January 2021, banks will have to meet the 4.5% common equity and the 6% Tier 1 requirements. The total capital requirement remains at the existing level of

25、8.0% and so does not need to be phased in. The difference between the total capital requirement of 8.0% and the Tier 1 requirement can be met with Tier 2 and higher forms of capital. The regulatory adjustments (ie deductions and prudential filters), including amounts above the aggregate 15% limit fo

26、r investments in financial institutions, mortgage servicing rights, and deferred tax assets from timing differences, would be fully deducted from common equity by 1 January 2021. In particular, the regulatory adjustments will begin at 20% of the required deductions from common equity on 1 January 20

27、21, 40% on 1 January 2021, 60% on 1 January 2021, 80% on 1 January 2021, and reach 100% on 1 January 2021. During this transition period, the remainder not deducted from common equity will continue to be subject to existing national treatments. The capital conservation buffer will be phased in betwe

28、en 1 January 2021 and year end 2021 becoming fully effective on 1 January 2021. It will begin at 0.625% of RWAs on 1 January 2021 and increase each subsequent year by an additional 0.625 percentage points, to reach its final level of 2.5% of RWAs on 1 January 2021. Countries that experience excessiv

29、e credit growth should consider accelerating the build up of the capital conservation buffer and the countercyclical buffer. National authorities have the discretion to impose shorter transition periods and should do so where appropriate. Banks that already meet the minimum ratio requirement during

30、the transition period but remain below the 7% common equity target (minimum plus conservation buffer) should maintain prudent earnings retention policies with a view to meeting the conservation buffer as soon as reasonably possible. Existing public sector capital injections will be grandfathered unt

31、il 1 January 2021. Capital instruments that no longer qualify as non-common equity Tier 1 capital or Tier 2 capital will be phased out over a 10 year horizon beginning 1 January 2021. Fixing the base at the nominal amount of such instruments outstanding on 1 January 2021, their recognition will be c

32、apped at 90% from 1 January 2021, with the cap reducing by 10 percentage points in each subsequent year. In addition, instruments with an incentive to be redeemed will be phased out at their effective maturity date. Capital instruments that no longer qualify as common equity Tier 1 will be excluded

33、from common equity Tier 1 as of 1 January 2021. However, instruments meeting the following three conditions will be phased out over the same horizon described in the previous bullet point: (1) they are issued by a non-joint stock company 1 ; (2) they are treated as equity under the prevailing accoun

34、ting standards; and (3) they receive unlimited recognition as part of Tier 1 capital under current national banking law. Only those instruments issued before the date of this press release should qualify for the above transition arrangements. Phase-in arrangements for the leverage ratio were announc

35、ed in the 26 July 2021 press release of the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision. That is, the supervisory monitoring period will commence 1 January 2021; the parallel run period will commence 1 January 2021 and run until 1 January 2021; and disclosure of the leverage ratio and its components

36、 will start 1 January 2021. Based on the results of the parallel run period, any final adjustments will be carried out in the first half of 2021 with a view to migrating to a Pillar 1 treatment on 1 January 2021 based on appropriate review and calibration. After an observation period beginning in 20

37、21, the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) will be introduced on 1 January 2021. The revised net stable funding ratio (NSFR) will move to a minimum standard by 1 January 2021. The Committee will put in place rigorous reporting processes to monitor the ratios during the transition period and will continu

38、e to review the implications of these standards for financial markets, credit extension and economic growth, addressing unintended consequences as necessary. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision provides a forum for regular cooperation on banking supervisory matters. It seeks to promote and st

39、rengthen supervisory and risk management practices globally. The Committee comprises representatives from Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,

40、 South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Group of Central Bank Governors and Heads of Supervision is the governing body of the Basel Committee and is comprised of central bank governors and (non-central bank) heads of supervision from member co

41、untries. The Committee's Secretariat is based at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland. Annex 1: Calibration of the Capital Framework (PDF 1 page, 19 kb) Annex 2: Phase-in arrangements (PDF 1 page, 27 kb) Full press release (PDF 7 pages, 56 kb) -1 Non-joint stock companies

42、 were not addressed in the Basel Committee's 1998 agreement on instruments eligible for inclusion in Tier 1 capital as they do not issue voting common shares.最新巴塞爾協議3全文央行行長和監管當局負責人集團央行行長和監管當局負責人集團是巴塞爾委員會中的監管機構，是由成員國央行行長和監管當局負責人組成的。該委員會的秘書處設在瑞士巴塞爾國際清算銀行。宣布較高的全球最低資本標準國際銀行資本監管改革是本輪金融危機以來全球金融監管改革的重要

43、組成局部。9月12日的巴塞爾銀行監管委員會央行行長和監管當局負責人會議就資本監管改革一些關鍵問題達成了共識。這些資本監管改革措施一旦付諸實施將對全球銀行業未來開展產生重大的影響。一、會議的根本內容作為巴塞爾銀行監管委員會中的監管機構，央行行長和監管當局負責人集團在2010年9月12日的會議上巴塞爾銀行監督委員會提供了有關銀行監管合作問題的定期論壇。它旨在促進和加強全球銀行監管和風險管理。，宣布加強對現有資本金要求的持續監管，并對在2010年7月26日達成的協議進行充分認可。這些銀行資本改革措施和全球銀行業流動性監管標準的推行，履行了全球金融改革核心議程的諾言，并且將在11月份韓國首爾召開的G2

44、0領導峰會上提交。巴塞爾委員會一攬子改革中，普通股含留存收益，下同將從2%增至4.5%。另外，銀行需持有2.5%的資本留存超額資本以應對未來一段時期對7%的普通股所帶來的壓力。此次資本改革穩固了央行行長和監管當局負責人在7月份達成的關于強化資本約束和在2021年底前提高對市場交易、衍生產品和資產證券化的資本需要。此次會議達成了一個從根本上加強全球資本標準的協議。這些資本要求將對長期的財政穩定和經濟增長有重大的奉獻。安排資本監管過渡期將使銀行在滿足新的資本標準的同時，支持經濟復蘇。更強的資本定義，更高的最低資本要求和新的超額資本的結合將使銀行可以承受長期的經濟金融壓力，從而支持經濟的增長。二、增

45、加的資本要求一最低普通股要求。根據巴塞爾委員會此次會議達成的協議，最低普通股要求，即彌補資產損失的最終資本要求，將由現行的2%嚴風格整到4.5%。這一調整將分階段實施到2015年1月1日結束。同一時期，一級資本包括普通股和其他建立在更嚴格標準之上的合格金融工具也要求由4%調整到6%。附件一概述了新的資本要求二建立資本留存超額資本 本文將the capital conservation buffer譯為資本留存超額資本。央行行長和監管當局負責人集團一致認為，在最低監管要求之上的資本留存超額資本將應到達2.5%，以滿足扣除資本扣減項后的普通股要求。留存超額資本的目的是確保銀行維持緩沖資金以彌補在金

46、融和經濟壓力時期的損失。當銀行在經濟金融出于壓力時期，資本充足率越接近監管最低要求，越要限制收益分配。這一框架將強化良好銀行監管目標并且解決共同行動的問題，從而阻止銀行即使是在面對資本惡化的情況下仍然自主發放獎金和分配高額紅利的非理性的分配行為。三建立反周期超額資本 本文將A countercyclical buffer譯為反周期超額資本。反周期超額資本，比率范圍在0%-2.5%的普通股或者是全部用來彌補損失的資本，將根據經濟環境建立。反周期超額資本的建立是為了到達保護銀行部門承受過度信貸增長的更廣的宏觀審慎目標。對任何國家來說，這種緩沖機制僅在信貸過度增長導致系統性風險累積的情況下才產生作用

47、。反周期的緩沖一旦生效，將被作為資本留存超額資本的擴展加以推行。四運行期限規定。上述這些資本比例要求是通過在風險防范措施之上建立非風險杠桿比率。7月，央行行長和監管機構負責人同意對平行運行期間3%的最低一級資本充足率進行測試。基于平行運行期測試結果，任何最終的調整都將在2021年上半年被執行，并通過適當的方法和計算帶入2021年1月起的最低資本要求中。五其他要求。對金融系統至關重要的銀行應具備超過今天所提標準的彌補資產損失的能力，并繼續就金融穩定委員會和巴塞爾委員會工作小組出臺的意見進行進一步討論。巴塞爾委員會和金融穩定委員會正在研發一種對這類銀行非常好的包括資本附加費，核心資金和擔保金在內的

48、綜合的方法。另外，加強制度決議的工作還將繼續。巴塞爾委員會最近也發表了一份咨詢文件，建議確保監管資本在非正常環境下的損失彌補能力。央行行長和監管機構負責人贊同加強非普通一級資本和二級資本工具的損失彌補能力。 三、過渡時期安排自危機開始，銀行為提高資本水平已經采取了很多努力。但是，巴塞爾委員會的綜合定量影響研究結果顯示，截至2021年底，大型銀行從總體上考慮仍需要相當大量的額外資本才能滿足新的監管要求。那些對中小企業貸款尤為重要的規模較小的銀行，大局部已經滿足了更高的資本要求。央行行長和監管當局負責人還就執行新的資本標準做出了過渡性的安排。這將有助于確保銀行通過合理的收益留存和提高資本金以滿足更

49、好資本金管理要求的同時，仍能通過信貸投放支持經濟的開展。過渡時期的安排在附件二中有概括，包括：一2021年到達的最低資本要求。在巴塞爾委員會各成員國國內執行新的資本監管要求將從2021年1月1日開始，各成員國必須在執行之前將關于資本新的要求以法律法規的形式予以確立。自2021年1月1日起，銀行應符合以下新的相對于風險加權資產RWAs的最低資本要求：3.5%，普通股/風險加權資產；4.5%，一級資本/風險加權資產；8.0%，總資本/風險加權資產。 二普通股和一級資本過渡期要求。最低普通股和一級資本要求將在2021年1月至2021年1月逐步實施。到2013年1月1日，最低普通股要求將由2%提高到3

50、.5%，一級資本將由4%提高到4.5%。到2014年1月1日，銀行將必須到達普通股4和一級資本5.5%的最低要求。到2015年1月1日，銀行將必須到達普通股4.5和一級資本6%的最低要求。總資本一直要求保持8%的水平，因此不需要分階段實施。8%的總資本要求和一級資本要求之間的區別在于二級資本和更高形式的資本。二扣減項比例過渡期安排。監管的調整即扣減項和審慎過濾器，包括金融機構超過資本總額15%的投資、抵押效勞權、所得稅時間上有差異的遞延資產，從2021年1月1日起，將完全從普通股中扣除。特別是，監管調整將從2021年1月1日從普通股中減去扣減項的20%，到2021年1月1日的40%，到2021

51、年1月1日的60%，2021年1月1日的80%，最后到2021年的1月1日100%。在這段過渡時期，其余未從普通股中扣除的資本將繼續視同為資本。三資本留存超額資本過渡期安排。將在2021年1月到2021年1月間分階段實施，并從2021年正式生效。在2021年，計提風險加權資產的0.625%，隨后每年增加0.625個百分點，直到到達2021年的風險加權資產的2.5%。經歷過信貸過度增長的國家應盡快考慮建立資本留存超額資本和反周期超額資本。國家有關部門應根據實際情況酌情縮短這一過渡期。那些在過渡階段已經滿足最低比例要求，但是普通股最低資本加上資本留存超額資本仍低于7%的銀行，應該實行審慎地實行收益留存政策以使資本留存超額資本到達合理的范圍。四資本中需要取消的工程過渡期安排。現有的政府部門的資本注入將到2021年1月1日后被取消。從2021年1月1日起，不再作為核心資本或者附屬資本的非普通權益的資本工具將通過10年逐步取消。從2021年1月1日起，在確定這類資本工具的名義價金融工具的增值局部的計算將在其到期后逐步取消。不符合核心資本條件的資本工具將自2013年1月1日起從核心資本中扣除。然而，同時滿足下面三個條件的金融工具會不包括在上述扣除對象