1、英語時(shí)態(tài)八種根本時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)一.概念：英語中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示,這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱為時(shí)態(tài).二.種類：根本時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)三.用法：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示,但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s或-es.2句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+V.包括be動(dòng)詞+賓語+Sheisanengineer.Hehasbreakfastat6:00everyday.3注意:a般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常與always,often,usually,

2、everyday,sometimes,onceaweek等時(shí)間狀語連用.IalwayswatchTVat8:00intheevening.Theygohomeonceaweek.Weusuallydoourhomeworkathome.b表客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)或普遍真理.Thesunalwaysrisesintheeast.Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.c表永遠(yuǎn)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).Helivesinthecountry.4第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式.a一般情況動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s.live-livescome-comesspeak-speakswork-worksb)以o,s,x,

3、ch,sh結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加-es.brush-brushesdo-doesgo-goesfinish-finishesfix-fixespass-passeswatch-watchesc以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞變y為i加-es.Study-studiescarry-carriescry-criesd以先音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-s.play-playsstay-stays例句：我們每天晚上九點(diǎn)做作業(yè).我在早上七點(diǎn)半起床.他每天七點(diǎn)去上班.我們經(jīng)常下午打籃球.他喜歡音樂.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn).火車六點(diǎn)出發(fā).5)否認(rèn)句和疑問句.a) Heisanengineer.Heisntanengineer.I

4、sheanengineer?Yes,heis./No,heisnt.b) Wegetupat7:30inthemorning.Wedontgetupat7:30inthemorning.Doyougetupat7:30inthemorning?Yes,wedo./No,wedont.c)Helikesmusic.Hedoesn'likemusic.Doeshelikemusic?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.2. 一般過去時(shí)一1) 一般過去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語yesterday,lastnight,someyearsa

5、go,in1990,inthosedays.等連用.Iwasastudent6yearsago.IwenttoBeijinglastyear.Theysawafilmlastnight.2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+V.過去時(shí)+賓語+例句：昨天他很忙.去年他抽煙了.兩年前他去參軍了.他在1990年去世了.3)否認(rèn)句和疑問句.a)-Hewasbusyyesterday.Hewasn'tbusy.Washebusy?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn't.b)-Hesmokedlastyear.Hedidn'tsmokelastyear.Didhesmokelastyear?Y

6、es,hedid./No,hedidn't.c)-Hejoinedthearmyin1990.Hedidntjoinedthearmyin1990.Didhejointhearmyin1990?Yes,hedid./No,hedidnt.4動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)那么.a一般情況下的詞加-ed.work-workedcallcalledlaughlaughedExplainexplainedfinishfinishedknockknockedb以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單t直接加-d.livelivedchangechangedsmokesmokeddiediedgraduategraduated

7、drivedrovec以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞,變y為i加-ed.studystudiedcarrycarriedcrycriedtrytriedmarrymarriedd以先音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed.playplayedstaystayede以乙個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ed.stopstoppedplanplannedpatpattedf動(dòng)詞不規(guī)那么變化：dodidgowentcomecamerunranwritewrotebeginbegandrinkdrankkeepkeptleaveleftsleepsleptmakemadelielay

8、digdugeatateknowknewcutcutsetsetletletreadreadhurthurt例句：我前天拿走了這本書.去年我買了一輛自行車.每天晚上我聽音樂.她通常待在家里.兩天前我完成了這項(xiàng)工作.復(fù)習(xí)：1) I(be)ateacher2yearsago.2) He(be)astudentnow.3) He(do)hishomeworkathomeeveryday.4) They(join)thePartyin1998.5) We(noteat)applesyesterday.6) We(notplay)basketballeveryday.7) He(notgo)homeon

9、ceaweek.8) Iam16years01d.(劃線局部提問)9) Igotoworkat8:00everymorning.(劃線局部提問)10) TheyjoinedthePartyin1990.(劃線局部提問)11) IwenttoBeijinglastyear.(劃線局部提問)3. 一般將來時(shí)tomorrow,thedayaftershall)1)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表將來的時(shí)間狀語tomorrow,nextSunday,soon,inafewdays等連用.2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+will/shall+V.原形+(第一人稱用IshallgotoShanghaitomor

10、row.Theywillhaveameetingnextweek.- -Shewillbe20yearsold.- -Willshebe20yearsold?- -Yes,shewill./No,shewon't.3)主語+will/shall+V.原形+be(am,is,are)goingtoTheywillhaveameetingnextSunday.(will=aregoingto)-WhatwilltheydonextSunday?-Whenwilltheyhaveameeting?4)beaboutto+V.原形Iamabouttoleaveschool.不能與表示時(shí)間的副詞

11、連用.Theyareabouttosetout.(V)Theyareabouttosetoutsoon.()x復(fù)習(xí)題：1 .He(do)hishomeworkatschooleveryday.2 .They(finish)theirworkyesterday.3 .We(visit)theirfarmnextyear.4 .我半小時(shí)后要吃午飯.5 .他將騎自行車去學(xué)校.6 .他們下周日將去買汽車.4 .過去將來時(shí)1)過去將來時(shí)是立足于過去某時(shí),從過去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).主要用于賓語從句中.2)根本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+would/shouldwas/weregoingto+V.原形+Hesai

12、dthathewouldhaveameetingnextweek.(Hesaysthathewillnaveameetingnextweek.)Theysaidweshouldleaveschooltomorrow.(Theysayweshallleaveschooltomorrow.)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.連用.5 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)通常與now,atpresent等時(shí)間狀語2根本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+beam,is,are+v-ing+Youarelisteningtomecarefullynow.Sheiswritingaletterthisyear.Look!Theyare

13、dancing.WearestudyingEnglishatpresent.Itsraininghardnow.3動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞后加-ingdo-doingread-readingwork-workingthink-thinkingstudy-studyinggo-goingdigdiggingswimswimmingwatch-watchingjump-jumping以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)先去掉e然后加-inglike-likingtake-takingleave-leavinglive-livingreceive-receivingdance-dancingco

14、me-comingsmoke-smokingwrite-writing以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ingstop-stoppingbegin-beginningrunrunningsitsitting注意：listen-listeningopen-openingeat-eatingrain-rainingsleep-sleeping)現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成口訣現(xiàn)在分詞用途多,進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)不可缺.它的構(gòu)成很好記,動(dòng)詞后綴ingo詞尾假設(shè)有啞音e,去e再加沒問題.一輔重讀閉音節(jié),這個(gè)字母要雙寫.還有一點(diǎn)要注意,改ie為y再加ingo以上口訣可以歸納成九個(gè)字直接加,去e

15、加,雙拼加.6 過去進(jìn)行向一1)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某階段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,通常與at6:00yesterday,atthis/thattimeyesterday,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語等連用.2) 根本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+be(was/were)+v-ing+1. Itwasrainingat7:00thedaybeforeyesterday.2. Theywerebuildingareservoiratthistimelastwinter.3. Wewerereadingwhentheteachercamein.Weweren'treadingWereyoureadingWhatwereyo

16、udoingwhentheteachercamein.3) 例句1.前天那個(gè)時(shí)候Tom正在看電影.2. 上周日四點(diǎn)我們正在游泳.3. 師看見我們時(shí)我們正在玩撲克.4. I(do)myhomeworkyesterday.5. He(do)hishomeworkat5:00yesterday.6. He(do)hishomeworknow.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1) 1.表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響2.表示過去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常與以下時(shí)間狀語連用uptonow,inthepast,recently,by,for5years,since1994,sofar,already,y

17、et,ever,just2) 根本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+have/has+P.P(動(dòng)詞過去分詞)1. I'vefinishedthiswork.2. HehaseverbeentoAustralia.3. Ihavenotheardfromherrecently.4. Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.Haveyouread？Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven't.Whathaveyouread?3過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么變化同過去式的構(gòu)成不規(guī)那么變化如下dodiddonegowentgoneeatateeatencomecamecomehavehadhadwritewro

18、tewrittenbewas/werebeenseesawseenhearheardheardswimswamswumdrinkdrankdrunkgivegavegivenforgetforgotforgottentaketooktakenkeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptteachtaughttaughtbuyboughtboughttelltoldtoldmakemademadecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadletletlet4) 注意1. 含有終止意義或暫短意義的動(dòng)詞不能與for,since引導(dǎo)的一般時(shí)間狀語連用.(buy,beg

19、in,die,come,go,join,leave等)A) Ihaveboughtabook.Ihaveboughtabookfor3day.(wrong)Ihavehadabookfor3years.B) Hehavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(wrong)Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.C) Hehasbeendeadfor3years.Hedied2yearsago.Itis2yearssincehedied.Hehasdiedfor2years.(wrong)D) HehasgonetoAus

20、tralia.HehasbeentoAustralia.2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別(時(shí)間狀語的區(qū)別)I_(hear)formherrecently/yesterday.3.例句:他已經(jīng)閱讀了這本書.我們到目前為止已學(xué)習(xí)了兩千個(gè)單詞.他們居住在中國三年了.他看這部電影兩次了.Bob自從1997年在這所學(xué)校教學(xué).8.過去完成時(shí)1) 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的過去",常與bythetime,bytheendof,before1時(shí)寸間的狀語連用.2) 根本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+WhenIgottothecinemayesterdaythefilmhadbegunalready.昨天當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院時(shí)電影已經(jīng)開始了.HehadlearnedEnglishbeforehecamehere.他來這兒之前已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)英語了.Hehadaughtthiscl