1、高中英語必修三Unit4-主語從句 名詞性從句名詞性從句 noun clause 主語從句主語從句subject clause 賓語從句賓語從句object clauseobject clause表語從句表語從句predicative clausepredicative clause 同位語從句同位語從句appositive clauseappositive clause名詞性從句中的名詞性從句中的連接詞連接詞連詞連詞: that / whether / as if (though);連接代詞連接代詞: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoeve

2、r / whomever / whichever，連接副詞連接副詞: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever判斷下列劃線句子是哪種名詞性從句。判斷下列劃線句子是哪種名詞性從句。1.I dont know whether he will come or not.2.The question is whether he will come or not.3.Whether he will come or not is unknown.3.Whether he will come or not is unknown.1.I dont know w

3、hether he will come or not.2.The question is whether he will come or not.賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句 主語從句主語從句 主語從句主語從句 Subject ClauseWhich part serves as subject in each sentence? 1. You are a student.2. Smoking is bad for you.3. To find your way can be a problem. 4. “How do you do?” is a greeting.5 .What she

4、said is not yet known.6. That we shall be late is certain.7. It is certain that we shall be late. “How do you do?” is a greeting. What she said is not yet known. That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall be late. （句子充當(dāng)主語，所以稱為主語從句）（句子充當(dāng)主語，所以稱為主語從句）Step 2Step 2、主語從句概念定義：、主語從句概念定義：

5、充當(dāng)主語的名詞性從句，因其在復(fù)合充當(dāng)主語的名詞性從句，因其在復(fù)合句中做主語，又稱主語從句。句中做主語，又稱主語從句。 先找出謂語，主語在第二個謂語前面先找出謂語，主語在第二個謂語前面 1.引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)詞： 從屬連詞從屬連詞 that, whether； 連接代詞連接代詞 who, what, which； whoever, whatever, whichever; 連接副詞連接副詞 when, where, how和和why。 2. 語序：語序：陳述句語序陳述句語序主語從句的特點：主語從句的特點：1) 從屬連詞從屬連詞that和和whether： That he will come is ce

6、rtain. Whether he will come is uncertain.thatthat是否是否引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞2) 連接代詞連接代詞who, what, which（做成分）（做成分）1. makes no difference. 誰去沒什么不同。（主語）誰去沒什么不同。（主語） is more time.（我們（我們所需要的是更多的時間。）（賓語）所需要的是更多的時間。）（賓語）3. hasnt been decided. （定語）（定語） 我應(yīng)買哪一本書還沒有決定。我應(yīng)買哪一本書還沒有決定。Who will goWhat we needWhich book I should buy

7、引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 3)連接代詞連接代詞whoever（無論誰）（無論誰）, whatever, （無論什么）（無論什么）whichever（無論哪一個）（無論哪一個）1. comes is welcome.2. I have is yours. 3. you want is yours. whatever=anything that whoever=anyone whoWhoeverWhateverWhicheverWhatever and whoeverWhatever anything thatWhoever anyone who不管是誰犯了法，他都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。不管是誰犯了法，他都應(yīng)該受到懲

8、罰。Whoever breaks the law should be punished。Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.4) 連接副詞連接副詞when, where, how ,why 1. （我們什么時候離開）（我們什么時候離開）hasnt been decided. 2. (他怎么到那的）他怎么到那的） is a secret. 3. (他為什么哭）他為什么哭）is not clear. 4. （會議將在哪里舉行）（會議將在哪里舉行） will be held is not known. When we will leaveHow

9、he got thereWhere the meetingWhy he criedComplete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.4.(_ can join in the sport meet)

10、is decided by the teacher.5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.WhatWhen/HowWhere/wh etherWhoWhether主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。般用單數(shù)形式。Conclusion:Step3.Step3.思考思考That he will pass the exam is certain.It is certain that he will pass the exam. 注解：一般來說主語從句都是放在注解：一般來說主語從句都是放在 ,但有時為了使句子但有時為了使句子 ,

11、避免避免”頭重腳輕頭重腳輕”,常用常用 作作 ，從而把主語從句放在，從而把主語從句放在 句首句首保持平衡保持平衡 it 形式主語形式主語后面后面主語從句一直位于句首的位置嗎？主語從句一直位于句首的位置嗎？他一定會通過考試的他一定會通過考試的.這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +that It is a pity/shame that. 可惜的是可惜的是 It is a surprise that 令人吃驚的是令人吃驚的是 It is a fact that 事實是事實是 It is common knowledge that 是常識是常識

12、*_(很可惜很可惜)we lost the match.*_(這是事實這是事實)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that2) It is + adj. +that Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible/likely that. 很可能很可能 It is obvious/clear that 很明顯很明顯 It is true that的確的確 It is necessary important natural. that*_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomo

13、rrow.*_(很明顯很明顯) he is an English.It is possible thatIt is obvious that+(should) +do3) It +不及物動詞不及物動詞+that It happened that. 碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起我突然想起 It appears/seems that 似乎，好像似乎，好像 It turned out that 原來原來*_(剛好剛好)I was out yesterday.*_(我突然想起我突然想起)I forgot to sent the letter.It happened

14、thatIt occurred to me that4) It + be +過去分詞過去分詞+從句從句 It is said that. 據(jù)說據(jù)說 It is known to all that. 眾所周知眾所周知 It is reported that. 據(jù)報道據(jù)報道 It is believed that. 據(jù)相信據(jù)相信 ;人們相信人們相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建議建議*_(據(jù)報道據(jù)報道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建議建議)we should eat more vegetable a

15、nd do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is suggested that小結(jié)：小結(jié)：主語從句的規(guī)律：找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)規(guī)律找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)規(guī)律例1.When will he come is not known.規(guī)律一、規(guī)律一、主語從句一律用陳述語序，主語從句一律用陳述語序， 即主語在前，謂語在后。即主語在前，謂語在后。正：When he will come is not known.主語從句的規(guī)律：主語從句的規(guī)律：例2. He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.

16、正：That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.規(guī)律二、規(guī)律二、連詞that 在從句中無實際意義， 但不能省略。主語從句的規(guī)律：主語從句的規(guī)律：例3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.正： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.規(guī)律三、規(guī)律三、whether 可以引導(dǎo)主語從句，可以引導(dǎo)主語從句， 放在句首，但放在句首，但if不能不能主語從句的規(guī)律：主語從句的規(guī)律

17、： 例4. That whether he will help others is a fact.正：That he will help others is a fact.規(guī)律四、規(guī)律四、主語從句中的連詞不能重疊使用。主語從句中的連詞不能重疊使用。主語從句的規(guī)律：主語從句的規(guī)律：例5. When he will come are a puzzle.正：When he will come is a puzzle.規(guī)律五、規(guī)律五、含主語從句的主句謂語動詞多用含主語從句的主句謂語動詞多用 單數(shù)第三人稱形式。單數(shù)第三人稱形式。主語從句的規(guī)律：主語從句的規(guī)律：1. What he needs is th

18、at book.2. What he needs are some books.規(guī)律六、規(guī)律六、what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù) 表語決定主句動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式表語決定主句動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。規(guī)律七、規(guī)律七、主語從句為了避免頭重腳輕現(xiàn)象，主語從句為了避免頭重腳輕現(xiàn)象，用用 it 做做形式主語，形式主語，而把從句放在后面而把從句放在后面。 That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun. he became a

19、great scientist is known to us all.Is what you told me really true?謂語動詞多用謂語動詞多用單數(shù)單數(shù)從句用陳述語從句用陳述語序序不能省略關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能省略關(guān)聯(lián)詞How在主語從句中，謂語一般用單數(shù)。在主語從句中，謂語一般用單數(shù)。1 1、無論他說什么都不重要。、無論他說什么都不重要。Whatever he says is of no importance.2 2、無論誰說這話都不對。、無論誰說這話都不對。 Whoever says this is wrong 但謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，不可一概而論，但謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，不可一概而論

20、，而要視句子的意義而定。而要視句子的意義而定。 What I need is money. What I need are books.注意事項注意事項1.主語從句位于句首時必須由連接詞引導(dǎo)。2.主語從句位于句末時引導(dǎo)詞that可省略。3.主語從句位于句首時,不能用if引導(dǎo)。4.主語從句位于句末時, 可以用if引導(dǎo)。找出錯誤，并給出理由：1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided. 2.You have made a mistake is a fact. 3. If the policeman will come is not certain

21、.4. That is certain that we can win. we shallWhetherItThat you have5. It is ordered we should leave at once.6. Where he comes from are a mystery.7. What whether he likes the job is not clear.8. Who he is and where he is from is important. 9.What he saw is the stars in the sky.thatisxareare注意注意:1）主語從

22、句在句首時，必須由連接詞引）主語從句在句首時，必須由連接詞引導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞；但是如果用導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞；但是如果用it做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，從屬連詞從屬連詞that可以省略。可以省略。誤：誤：They should like each other is natural.正：正：That they should like each other is natural.正：正：It is natural (that) they should like each other.2) 如果主語從句放在句首，不能用如果主語從句放在句首，不能用i

23、f引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，但是如果用但是如果用it 做形式主語，而把主語從句做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，也可以用放在句末時，也可以用if引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，或把或把if 改為改為whether 誤：誤：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.正正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful. (1) 主語從句中用陳述語序主語從句中用陳述語序 What she is afraid of is their taking

24、 her to Paris. ( What is she afraid of Wrong )(2) 主語從句后謂語動詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)主語從句后謂語動詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù) （特殊情況見練習(xí)冊（特殊情況見練習(xí)冊P60） That they havent phoned is strange.(3)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，that不可被省略不可被省略 That price will go up is certain.4) . 用于用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中句型中, 主語從句應(yīng)使用虛主

25、語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣擬語氣, 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用“should + 動詞原形動詞原形”的的形式形式, should有時可以省略。有時可以省略。5) It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中中, that從句的謂語也應(yīng)該從句的謂語也應(yīng)該用用“should + 動詞原形動詞原形”的形式的形式, should有時有時可以省略。可以省略。Step4. 1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. （與我無關(guān)）（與我無關(guān)）2. _ he said at the meeti

26、ng surprised everyone.3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4. _ well go fishing tomorrow depends on the weather.5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever1.他是否是我的孩子仍然他是否是我的孩子仍然(remain)是是個問題。個問題。_ remains a question.Whether he

27、 is my child補全句子練習(xí)補全句子練習(xí) _is your hairstyle.2.我所最喜歡的是你我所最喜歡的是你的發(fā)型的發(fā)型(hairstyle)。What I like most 3.我需要的就是休息。我需要的就是休息。_is rest.What I need_ made the teacher angry.4.這個男這個男孩所做的孩所做的事讓老師事讓老師很生氣。很生氣。What the boy did_ is attracted by her.5.無論誰無論誰見到這見到這個女孩都會被她個女孩都會被她吸引（吸引（attact）。）。Whoever sees the girl練習(xí)練

28、習(xí):用主語從句翻譯下列句子。用主語從句翻譯下列句子。1. 他偷了一部自行車是真的。他偷了一部自行車是真的。2. 我現(xiàn)在需要的是你的幫助。我現(xiàn)在需要的是你的幫助。3. 他出生在何時還不知道。他出生在何時還不知道。4. 無論誰最后離開房間都應(yīng)該關(guān)門。無論誰最后離開房間都應(yīng)該關(guān)門。答案答案:1. 他偷了一部自行車是真的。他偷了一部自行車是真的。That he stole a bike was true.2. 我現(xiàn)在需要的是你的幫助。我現(xiàn)在需要的是你的幫助。What I need now is your help.3. 他出生在何時還不知道。他出生在何時還不知道。When he was born ha

29、s not been known. 4. 無論誰最后離開房間都應(yīng)該關(guān)門。無論誰最后離開房間都應(yīng)該關(guān)門。Whoever leaves the room last should close the door. the cat domade What the cat did made the baby cry.WhatcryMake a sentence30talk aboutthe use of cell phone What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.Make a sentence30report , get the high

30、est points, match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.Make a sentence30It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answer.teacher angryDont know the answerMake a sentence30Exercises :1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one

31、C.Anyone D.WhoeverD2.It was he said disappointed me.A.what ;that B.that; that C.what;what D.that;whatA3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.WhereB4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.A.What B. That C.The fact D.The matterA5. was to return to scho

32、ol.A.That really interested him B.What really interested himC.Which really interested him D.That interest him reallyB6. makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.WhateverC7. your men have been on my land without permission.A.It seems that B.There seems to be C.That seems D.It seems

33、forA8.It has always puzzled me the old man lied a red silk ribbon on the young tree.A.that B.why C.where D.whatB11._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 12. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 13._ is known t

34、o us all that America is a developed country . A Which B As C What D It 14. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C.is water D. that water to 15. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when16.What I say and think _ none of your

35、 business. A. is B. are C. has D have 17 . _makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A What B Who C Whatever D Whoever 18. These wild flowers are so special that I would do_ I can to save them. A whatever B that C which D whichever19. _ made the school proud was _ more tha

36、n 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because20. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where21. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A. That

37、 B. Which C. What D. As22_ they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars. A. That B. What C. What D. That 23_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where24. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever25.

38、_ surprised me most was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That B. What C. That D. When CBCB26. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. Ifdo B. Thatdo C. Ifdoes D. Thatdoes 27. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is though

39、t that28. Its uncertain(不確定） _ the exhibition will be hold in Shanghai.A. if B. that C. whether D. how29. _ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. WhichDCAD30 _ we cant have seems better than that we have.A. What B. Who C. That D. whose31. _ you dont like him is

40、none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether32. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If . B. Whether C. That D. Where33. _is going to do the job will be decided by the CEO.A. That B. Why C. How D. WhoCBDA34. _ well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That35. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B.