1、職稱英語(yǔ)理工類B級(jí)模擬56（總分100,考試時(shí)間90分鐘）第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)1個(gè)意義最為接近的下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定 選項(xiàng)。1. But in the end he approved of our proposal.A. un doubtedlyB. certa inlyC. ultimatelyD. n ecessarily2. For young childre n, gett ing dressed is a complicated bus in ess.A. stra ngeB.complexC. pers onalD.funny3. In Br

2、ita in and many other coun tries appraisal is now a tool of man ageme nt.A. evaluati onB.efficie ncyC. product ionD.publicity4. These are their motives for doing it.A. reasonsB.excusesC. an swersD.pla ns5. The river wide ns con siderably as it begi ns to turn west.A. twistsB.stretchesC. broade nsD.b

3、ends6. Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A. abuse B. flavorC. temptati on D. con sumpti on7. These programmes are of imme nse value to old people.A. n aturalB. fatalC. tinyD. eno rmous8. A great deal has bee n done to remedy the situati on.A. mai nta inB. improveC. assessD. protect9. John is col

4、laborating with Mary in writing an article.A. cooperati ngB. compet ingC. comb iningD. arguing10. He is determined to consolidate his power.A. stre ngthe nB. con trolC. aba ndonD. exercise11. Many scie ntists have bee n prob ing psychological problems.A. solv ingB. explori ngC. settli ngD. ha ndli n

5、g12. Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits.A. removedB.curedC. worse nedD.relieved13. And the cars are tested for defects before leavi ng the factory.A. fun cti onsB.faultsC. moti onsD.parts14. The food is in sufficie nt for three people.A. in sta ntB. infin iteC.

6、 in expe nsiveD. in adequate15. Thousa nds of people perished in the storm.A. diedB. sufferedC. floatedD. scattered第2部分：閱讀判斷下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇 A;如果該句提的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇 B;如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及， 請(qǐng)選擇CoEl Nino （厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象）While some forecast ing methods had limited SUCCESS predicti ng the 1997

7、 El Nin a few mon ths in adva nee, the Columbia Un iversity researchers say their method call predict large EI Ni no eve nts up to two years in advanee. That would he good news for governments, farmers and others seek ing to pla n for the droughts and heavy rain fall that El Nino can produce in vari

8、ous parts of the world.Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurre nces between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857 , using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of th

9、e journal Nature.The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare. a meteorologist at the Un iversity of California, Davis, who was not in volved in the work, said it "suggests El Nino is in deed predictable.""This will probably convince others to search around more

10、 for even better methods." said Weare. He added that the new method "makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times." Other models also use seasurface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they n eed other data, which is only available for recent decades,

11、 Weare said.The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importanee. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $ 20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David An ders on, of the Europea n Cen tre for Medium. Range Weat

12、her Forecasts in Reading England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China. Prompting the developme nt of seas onal forecast ing, An ders on said.When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997. 200 millio n people w

13、ere affected by floodi ng in China alo ne. Accordi ng to a 2002 Uni ted Nati ons report.While predicting smaller EI Nino events remains tricky. The ability to predict larger ones should be in creased to at least a year if the new method is con firmed.EI Nino tends to develop between April and June a

14、nd reaches its peak between December and February. The warm ing tends to last betwee n 9 and 12 mon ths and occurs every two to seve n years.The new forecasting method does not predict any major EI Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warm ing toward the end of this year is possible.1.

15、 The method used by the Columbia Uni versity researchers can predict EI Ni no a few mon ths in advanee.A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned2. The Columbia Uni versity researchers studied the relati on ship betwee n the past EI Ni no occurre nces and sea-surface temperatures.A. RightB. WrongC. Not men

16、ti oned3. The Columbia Uni versity researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurre nces.A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned4. Weare"s contribution in predicting EI Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists.A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned5. Ac

17、cording to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by EI Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 milli on Chin ese people.A. rightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned6. It takes about eight mon ths for EI Nino to reach its peak.A. rightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned7. A special institute has been set up in Amer

18、ica to study EI Nino.A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子下面的短文有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)前4題要求從所給的選項(xiàng)中為指定段落選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題;(2)后4題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。Icy MicrobesIn ice that has sealed a salty An tarctic lake for more tha n 2,800 years, scie ntists have found froze n bacteria and algae that returned to life

19、 after thawing. The research may help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice.A research team led by Peter Doran of the Uni versity of Illi nois at Chicago drilled through more than 39 feet ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Doran"s team

20、brought them back and warmed them up a bit, they spra ng back to life.Doran said the microbes have bee n age-dated at 2,800 years old, but eve n older microbes may live deeper in the ice sheet seali ng the lake, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cauti

21、ously sampled in a later expediti on that will test tech niq ues may one day be used on Mars.Called Lake Vida, the 4.5 square-kilometer body is one of a series of lakes located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of An tarctica, some 2,200 kilometers due south of New Zeala nd. This lake has bee n known since

22、 the 1950s, but people ignored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent radar sig nals into the clear ice covering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid water t

23、hat was about seve n times more salty tha n seawater.That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to within a few feet of the water layer. At the bottom of this hole, researchers harvested specime ns of algae and bacteria.The searchers will return in 2004 equip

24、ped with instruments that are sterilized. They will then drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water specime n will be cultured to see if it contains life. Specime ns from the water are expected to be even older tha n the life forms

25、extracted from the ice coveri ng.1. A. Significance of testing techniques for sampling microbes in the deep ice sheet.B. Special features of lake Vida.C. Later expediti on on mars.D. 2004 revisit planned for collecting lake water specimen.E. Antarctic frozen life sampled and revived.F. Accide ntal d

26、iscovery of ice-sealed lake water An tarctica.Paragraph 22. Paragraph 33. Paragraph 44. Paragraph 65. A. is found to be a great deal higher tha n that of seawaterB. was of little scie ntific valueC. may be older tha n that collected below 39 sheet of iceD. might *e from MarsE. is to collect some bri

27、ny lake water for an alysisF. may retur n to life sooner tha n microbes froze n in the surface iceScien tists ignored lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice.6. Scien tists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet,.7. What the scie ntists will do in 2004.8. The sa

28、lt concen trati on in the liquid water of Lake Vida.第4部分：閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇第一篇 Losing WeightGirls as young as 10 years old are dieti ng and in dan ger of develop ing un healthy attitudes about weight, body image and food, a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday.The

29、ir study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights, nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the trader age of 10, n early 39. per cent of girls felt "too fat" and 31 perce nt said they were trying to diet.M

30、cVey, a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Childre n in Toron to, and her colleagues an alyzed data collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003, reporting their findings in Tuesday"s issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal.Nearly 80 perce n

31、t of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 per cent were con sidered overweight using sta ndard weight-to height ratios. Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure.Nearly 30 percent of the girls reported they were curr

32、ently trying to lose weight, though few admitted to dan gerous behavior such as self- in duced vomiti ng.Still, a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed 10.5 per cent of survey participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder."We"re not talking about kids who&

33、quot;ve been prescribed a diet because they"re above average weight or overweight. We"re talk ing about childre n who are with in a healthy weight ran ge. And they have take n it upon themselves to diet to lose weight, "McVey said, ack no wledg ing she found the rates disturbing. She

34、said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task, with no easy solutions.1. The study showed that most of the girls.A. were overweight.B. were on a diet.C. had un healthy attitudes about weight.D. had a healthy body weight.2. What pe

35、rce ntage of the girls con sidered themselves overweight?A. Nearly 80 perce nt.B. 7.2 perce nt.C. Nearly 30 perce nt.D. 10.5 perce nt.3. The survey participa nts were girls.A. who were 10.B. who were 14.C. who were 10 to 14.D. who were 10 to 18.4. What kind of in stituti on does the lead researcher

36、work with?A. A school.B. A hospital.C. An associati on.D. A charity.5. Un healthy attitudes about weight, body image and food may.A. lead to an eating disorder.B. result from self- in duced vomiti ng.C. make it easier to gain weight.D. bring about *petition.第-二二篇第二篇 Will Quality Eat up the U. S. Lea

37、d in Software?If U. S. *pa nies don "t pay more atte nti on to quality, they could kiss their bus in ess good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top U. S. quality specialists whose voices are

38、 not liste ned to in their coun try.Already, of the world"s 12 software houses that have earned the highest rati ng in the world, seve n are in India. That"s largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specia

39、lists, W. Edwards Deming and J. M. Jura n had urged U. S. *pa nies to cha nge their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U. S but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming"s and J

40、uran"s ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In U. S. factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assuranee. B

41、ut his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and aga in. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raythe on Electr on ics Systems was almost 60% of total software

42、 producti on costs. It tell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%.Like Deming and Jura n, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas tha n at home. The Indian government and *panies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality In stitute at the Software Tech no l

43、ogy Park in Che nn ai, I ndia. Let"s hope that U. S. lead in software will not be eate n up by its quality problems.1. What country has more highest-*pa nies in the world tha n any other country has?A. I ndia.B. The US.C. Brazil.D. Germa ny.2. Which of the followi ng stateme nts about Humphrey

44、is true?A. He is now still an IBM employer.B. He has worked for IBM for 37 years.C. I ndia honors him highly.D. The US pays much atte nti on to his quality advice.3. By what means did Japa n grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?A. Its advertis ing was most successful.B. Its product

45、s were cheaper in price and better in quality.C. The US hardware in dustry was laggi ng beh ind.D. Japa n hired a lot of In dia n software specialists.4. What does the founding of the Watts Humphrey Software Quality In stitute symbolize?A. It symbolizes the US determ in atio n to move ahead with its

46、 software.B. It symbolizes the Japa nese efforts to solve the software quality problem.C. It symbolizes the In dia n ambiti on to take the lead in software.D. It symbolizes the Chin ese policy on import ing software.5. What is the writer worry ing about?A. Many US software specialists are worki ng f

47、or Japa n.B. The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.C. In dia and Japa n are joining hands to compete with the US.D. The US will no Ion ger be the first software player in the world.第三篇第三篇 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their BrothersYoung female chimps are faster and better lear ners tha

48、n young male chimps, suggest a new study, echo ing lear ning differe nces see n in huma n girls and boys.While young male chimps pass their time playing, young female chimps car)fully study their mothers. As a result, they lear n how to fish fortasty termite sn acks over two years before the boys. E

49、lizabeth Lonsdorf, now at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, US, and colleagues at the University of Minn esota, Saint Paul, spe nt four years. Watch ing how young chimpa nzees in the Gombe Nati onal Park in Tanzan ia4 lear ned "cultural behavior".The sex differe nces in lear ning behavior were

50、"con siste nt and strik in gly appare nt", says the team. The researchers point out that similar differe nces are see n in huma n childre n with regard to skills such as writing. "A sex based learning differences may therefore date back at least to the *mon an cestor of chimpa nzees a

51、nd huma ns, "they write in the journal Nature.Chimps make flexible tools: from vegetation and then insert them into termite mounds extract them and then munch the termites clinging onto the tool. The researchers used video cameras to record this feedi ng behavior and found that each chimp mothe

52、r had her own tech niq ue. Such as how she used tools of differe nt len gths.An alysis of the six infants whose ages were known showed that girl chimps were an average of 31 mon ths old whe n they succeeded in fish ing out their termites. Where the boy chimps were aged 58 mon ths on average. Females

53、 were also more skillful at gett ing out more termites with every dip and used tech niq ues similar to their mothers while males did not.In stead of study ing their mothers, the boy chimps spe nt a sig ni fica ntly greater amount of time frolick ing around the termite mound. Behaviors such as play i

54、ng or swinging might help the male infan ts later in life whe n typically male activities like hun ti ng or fight ing for dominance become importa nt, suggest the researchers.Lon sdorf adds that there are just two main sources of ani mal protein for chimps the termites orcoIobus mon keys. "Matu

55、re males ofte n hunt mon keys up flees. But females are almost always either preg nant or burde ned with a cli nging infan ts. This makes hun ti ng difficult," she says. "Adult females spend more time fishing for termites than males." So becoming proficient at termite fishing could me

56、an adult females eat better, "They can watch their offspring at the same time. The young of both sexes seem to pursue activities related to their adult sex roles at a very young age."1. Why do young female chimps lear n faster tha n young male chimps at fish ing for termites?A. Because you

57、ng female chimps don"t play with their brothers.B. Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier.C. Because young male chimps never learn to fish for termites.D. Because young male chimps are not interested in termites.2. What are the tools with which chimps fish for termites

58、?A. Tree bran ches.B. Vegetables.C. Fruits.D. Grass.3. Which of the follow ing is true about chimps fishi ng for termites accord ing to paragraph 6?A. Males *pete with females in fishing for termites.B. Males could get out more termites with every dip.C. Females could get out more termites with ever

59、y dip.D. Males are good at masteri ng tech nique for fish ing for termites.4. How did the researchers explain the fact that boy chimps spent more time on playing?A. They like huntingB. They enjoy fighti ng.C. It helps them to stay fit.D. It will make them good fighters and hun ters in the future.5.