1、2019屆嘉定區(qū)高考英語二模n . Grammar and VocabularySection A (10 分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one

2、word that best fits each blank.Eat healthier without quitting sugarNot long ago, fat was regarded as the evil for a healthy diet. Before that is was salt. Now the sugar-free diet (21) (explode) onto the health scene - and seems to have topped many people ' s list of New Year ' s resolutions.

3、Sugar-free diets encourage people to avoid sweetener such as honey, soft drinks and some fruits. Some also recommend (22)(restrict) dairy products. The diet ' s advocates note that excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk of heart disease and some cancers. So many sugar-free followers a

4、void milk, yoghurt and cheese (23)the assumption that these products contain sugars.It ' tsue we are swallowing too much of the sweet stuff, with the average American consuming around 20 teaspoons of (24)(add) sugar a day. But you don' t need(25)(quit) sugar for healthy eating. Quitting suga

5、r is unlikely to improve your health any more than cutting down on over-processed foods and eating more vegetables.Research shows dieting is not effective over the long term and can lead to greater weight gain over time. The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, (26)causes the storage

6、of fat. Besides, the sugar-free diet is confusing and imposes a set of rules that (27) (make) up without scientific evidence. Such a restrictive diet can create food fear or an unhealthy relationship with food. People who worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be (28)they are worried abo

7、ut their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health.Through series of experiments, (29)the researchers are certain about is that you can eat plenty of plants, enjoy whole grains and beans. Fruit is you friend, not your enemy. Most people could probably eat a little less sugar

8、, a little (30)(often), but you don quit it for good to be healthy.Section B (10 分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. picturing B. separated C. vary D

9、. celebration E. complicated F. vast G. roughly H. mythical I. delicately J. stress K. distinguishingThe United Nations ' series of a language days " are designed to promote the use of the six official languages of the UN as well as to celebrate cultural and linguistic diversity (語言多樣性).Chi

10、nese Language Day is the 20th April. It ' s a time chosenirtowfith the Chinese31 of Guyu (古語),which honours Cangjie - the four-eyed 32 figure who istraditionally understood to have created Chinese characters in the time of the Yellow Emperor, 5000 years ago.Mandarin (普通話)is the most-spoken langu

11、age in the world, with over 1.5 billion speakers. When most people think of “ Chinese it is Mandarin that they are 33. But MandarinChinese is far from the only variant of the Chinese languageor the only language spoken in China. In fact, there are a great number of Chinese languages. Remember this i

12、s a country which is both very large and very, very old. Different regions are within the 34 expanse of territory, that is, China can be 35 not only by great distances but also by broadly geographical features such as mountain ranges.It is hard to guess how many dialects actually exist. In general,

13、dialects can be36classified into one of the seven large groups: Putonghua (Mandarin), Gan, Kejia (Hakka), Min, Wu, Xiang, and Yue (Cantonese). Each language group contains a large number of dialects.Understanding the situation is 37 by the fact that, while many Chinese people in different geographic

14、al areas of the country may not understand each other when they speak their regional dialect, they may share the same written language even if their pronunciation of different characters within that language may 38.A 39 feature across all Chinese languages is tone. For instance, Mandarin has fourton

15、es and Cantonese has six tones. Tone, in terms of language, is the pitch (高音)in which syllables (音節(jié))in words are spoken. In Chinese, different words 40 different keys. Somewords even have pitch variations in one single syllable.in. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15 分)Directions: For each blank in t

16、he following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in 2009, it was the first (and so far, the only) time a woman won a Nobel fo

17、r Economics. That prize has 41 for nearly 50 years. We don' t do a great job of recognizing women'scontributionsto science and innovation. My colleagues and I wondered; Is one of the reasons why women are more likely to 42 science than men because they don ' t receive the same recognitio

18、n?To understand how 43shapes women' smotivation to remain in science, we firsthad to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible 44 , prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and they also influence those who m

19、ake decisions about scientific 45 and other financial support.Our study focused on prizes in the biomedical sciences. If we' regoing to find46anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s.47 this, of all Nobels awarde

20、d to women, a full two-thirdshave been for biomedical research. Our48was simple: we documented all biomedicalresearch prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awards and importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their49. Then we measured theperc

21、entage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.Our initial results highlighted overall 50 news; the proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender and quality of prizes awarded, we observed

22、 a major difference: on average, women scientists win prizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further researchsuggests that there ' 5sl nothat the quality or value of women-led research is any lower than that of men, as measured by citations （弓I用） per artic

23、le, productivity, or width of research topics studied. 52, women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fallsignificantly behind in regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that the gender gap has

24、 somewhat53 when it comes to science prizes, great injustice is hidden just below. The problem likely54 beyond the borders of science. In business, for example, prizes and funding for newtechnolog and innovation may follow a similar pattern, helping to explain the phenomenon observed for female entr

25、epreneurs, again 55 by research. This is something worth examining in greater depth.41. A. remainedB. awardedC. existedD. established42. A. leaveB. doubtC. questionD. suspect43. A. contributionB. recognitionC. resolutionD. promotion44. A. indicatorB. substanceC. confirmationD. compliment45. A. exper

26、iments46. A. gender equalityB. innovationC. studyD. grantsB. research prospectsC. innovation patternsD. government control47. A. In line withB.Contrary toC. Compared withD. In case o48. A. conceptB. outcomeC. requirementD. approach49. A. improvementB. qualityC. accomplishmentD. reputation50. A. vagu

27、eB.suddenC.goodD. fundamental51. A. descriptionB. evidenceC. documentD. comparison52. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Nevertheless53. A. highlightedB. eliminatedC. strengthenedD. narrowed54. A. dominatesB. extendsC. overtakesD. justifies55. A. turned outB. taken onC. backed upD. held upSection B

28、（22 分）Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）“Thehistory

29、 of the world is but the biography （傳記） of great men,“ argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the“ Great Man Theory of History.s theoryve nevtheory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had uniqu

30、e influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of otherswho have led. Wherever you find me, you' ll likely find a good biography nearby. W

31、hy is this thecase?First, I find good biographies fascinating. I' ll occasionally read a novel, but Idrawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester ' s The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of p

32、leasure in my life.Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surpri

33、sed along the way at what other items grab your attention. You ' ll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester' s Visions of Glory, volurone of his The Last Lion, Strictly speaking , a biography is but a slice of history.Third, I find goo

34、d biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill ' s saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relax

35、ing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don ' t be counted among their number.56. What is implied in the first paragraph?A. The author finds Carlyle' s theory undebatable

36、.B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C. It is debatable whether one should read great men' s biographies.D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.57. What does the underlined phrase“ other items " in the third paragraph refer to ?A. good b

37、iographiesB. stores of certain timesC. the volumes of The Last Lion D. the chapters of the British Empire58. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.C. The author has fought many battles

38、 during his lifetime.D. the author profits commercially by reading biographies.59. What is the author ' s main purpose in writing the article?A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.C. To present great men ' s history through

39、biography reading.D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.(B )AT&T International Day PassInternational travel tipsUse your domestic plan when you travel in over 100 countries for $10 a day. Add International Day Pass to your existing plan before you go, then follow these ti

40、ps to help manage costs and make the most of your travels:How it worksWhile abroad, if you make or accept a call, listen to a voicemail, send a text, or use data, you will be automatically charged $10 for 24-hour access to your domestic plan. During that period you can:Use your domestic plan data to

41、 email, post on social media, translate languages and more.Make unlimited calls to countries included in International Day Pass第4頁(yè)/共9頁(yè)Send unlimited texts to the world.How to help manage costsIf you are outside of a 24- hour access period and you dn t want to use your phone, turn off data roaming （漫

42、游）to avoid being charged $10 accidentally.Save date by connecting Wi-Fi, especially if you download, or send and receive large files.How to call, text and use data internationallyTo call or send a message to another country, dial + （country code） （local phone number）To use cellular data, turn on Cel

43、lular Data Roaming in your device SettingsTo call using Wi-Fi Calling, visit for informationHow to remove International Day PassTo remove International Day pass, go to att. com/myatt or call+1.31.925.6925. Once removed, pay-per-use rates will apply unless you add another international travel feature

44、 of package to your device. go to for information on pay-per-use rates and products available by country.Note: INTERNATIONAL DAY PASS: Coverage not available in all areas. Int l Day Pass may beremoved if international talk, text, or data use exceeds （超過） 50% of your total talk, text, or data use for

45、 two months.60. With the AT&T International Day Pass.A. one can make unlimited calls to any country for $10 a day.B. the phone will automatically turn on Cellular Data RoamingC. the phone calling can enjoy a favorable price, saving your costD. one can save money by using WiFi to download or send

46、 large files61. According to the travel tips, which of the following is TURE?A. Without International Day Pass, one cannot make phone calls back to the US.B. $10 will be automatically charged if roaming remains turned on after 24 hours.C. Pay-per-use will apply when one forgets to remove the Interna

47、tional Day Pass.D. The pass will be removed if the use of data exceeds the average monthly amount.62. Which of the following groups of people might be in the greatest need of the AT&T International Day Pass?A. People who have steeled abroad.B. People who work in AT&T overseas offices.C. Peop

48、le who have relatives in foreign countries.D. People who make frequent business trips abroad. （ C）Escaping predators（ 食肉動(dòng)物）, digestion and other animal activities-including those ofhumans - require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new stud

49、ies reveal.In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive - an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “W e were surprised by the intensi

50、ty of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are,“ he says. It is no surprise to scientists thatwarming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygenlevels in some tropical （熱帶的）regions

51、 have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the las 50years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons; First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is

52、why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surfa

53、ce, less mixing means less of it at depth.Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force th

54、em into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says,“ they all have to breathe.”Aside from food web problems, animals face var

55、ious other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp （蝦）move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the i

56、mpact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “ Anydrop in oxygen is going to damage survivabilit y and performance, ” he says.63. According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?A. The worsening deoxygenation in the w

57、arming ocean.B. The survival of predators and various marine animals.C. The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.D. The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.64. Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?A. Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in

58、 the ocean.B. Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.C. The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.D. Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals natural territories.B. Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.C. Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.D. Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.66. Which of the following is the best title of t