1、賓語從句The Object Clause 學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態。一. 賓語從句的定義賓語從句在復合句中起賓語的作用，可以作動詞的賓語，也可以做介詞的賓語作動詞的賓語：I heard that he would come here later on.主語謂語動詞一個句子作賓語作介詞的賓語：He said nothing about who broke the wi ndow last ni ght.主語謂語動詞代詞作動詞的賓語介詞一個句子作介詞的賓語二. 賓語從句中引導詞連接詞的用法在復合句中作主句的賓語，引導詞有：連詞:that that 常可省略,whether,

2、if代詞:who, whose, what ,which畐 y 詞:when ,where, how, why 等。 連詞：He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他明年上大學I don ' t knowf there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒有人知道他是否會通過考試that引導的賓語從句在非正式場合that可以省略可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say, thin k,

3、i n sist, wish, hope, dema n d, imagi ne, won der, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, expla in, order, comma nd, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, no tice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other pla n ets

4、.當主句謂語動詞是 常把否認轉移至主句表示。Attention :賓語從句的否認轉移thi nk, believe, suppose, expect等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否認時，等，并，其反義疑問I don ' t think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的謂語動詞是且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現在時thin k,believe,imagi n e,suppose,c on sider,expect,fa n cy,guess，從句的否認詞一般要轉移到主句上來句一般與賓語從句一致I don ' t believ

5、e that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認為那個人不是Jim 所殺的 ， 是不是 ？I expect our En glish teacher will be back this weeke nd, won't she/he? We suppose you have fini shed the project, have n't you?如果賓語從句中 有某個 含有否認意義的 形容詞 或副詞 ( 不包 含帶有否認 前綴的 詞，如： unhappy ， unfair ， dislike 等 ),其反義疑問句要用肯定形式We find that he

6、n ever liste ns to the teacher carefully, does he? 我們發現他從不仔細聽老師講課，是不是？當主句的主語是第二、三人稱時，其反義疑問句一般與主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she n eeds no help, does n't she?You thought they could have completed the project, did n't you?They don't believe she's an engin eer, do they?She does n't ex

7、pect that we are coming so soon, does she?練習題(1) . I don ' t think he is right, ?A . isn ' t he Bis he C . do I D . don ' t I(2) . He believes she is right, ?A . doesn ' t he. Bdoes he C . is she D . isn ' t she(3) .1 thought that he disliked playi ng football, ?A . didn ' t

8、he Bdid he C . did I D . didn ' t I(4) . I find _ importa nt that we practice En glish every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what(5) . You can ' t imagine when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited在以下情況中 th

9、at 不能省略1、當句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that 引導的賓語從句時，第一個 that 可省，但后面的 that 不可省。I believe ( that ) you have done your best and that things will get better.2、當主句的謂語動詞與 that 賓語從句之間有插入語時， that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3、當 that 從

10、句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時， that 不可省。I can ' t tell him that his mother died.4、當 it 作形式賓語時例句： She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.許多帶復合賓語的句子， that 引導的賓語從句經常移到句子后部，而用 it 作形式賓語。5、 當賓語從句前置時That our team will win , I believe .6、 當 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,h

11、old等動詞的賓 語時;由whether,if引導的賓語從句當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時，用if或whether引導，意為 是否女口：I don't know if / whether he still lives here after so many years .我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下歹情況下只能用whether，不能用 if: 在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與 or not連用時，往往用 whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如：Let me know whether / if he will come or not .(= Le

12、t me know whether or not he will come )讓我知道他是否能來。I don't know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he does any wash ing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我們是去還是留。 在介詞之后用 whether。如：rm interested in whether he likes English.我關心的是他是否喜歡英語。

13、We're th inking about whether we can fin ish the work on time .我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。 在不定式前用 whether。如：He has n't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。He has n't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。 whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not , I c

14、an't say .這是否真的我說不上來。 引導主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來還是個問題。 假設用if會引起歧義時，那么用 whether。如:Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為：b. If you like the book , please let me know .你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我只能用if不能用whether引導的賓語從句1、 if引導條件狀語從句，意為如果The stude nts will

15、go on a pic nic if it is sunny.2、if引導否認概念的賓語從句時He asked if I didn' t come to school yesterday.3、 引導狀語從句even if (即使)和as if (好象)時He talks as if he has known all about it.連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結構的動詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, an swer, know, decide, show, find out, imag

16、i ne, suggest, doubt, wonder,discover, un dersta nd, i nform, advise 等。 連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。連接代詞一般指疑問，但what, whatever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.這本書會告訴你最好的執行總裁該了解什么Have you de

17、term ined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的 了嗎？ 連接副詞有：when,where,why,how ，在句中擔任狀語的成分。He didn ' t tell me when we should mee t again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面Could you please tell me how you use the new pan el?你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎？None of us knows where these new parts c

18、an be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到練習題 I don ' t knowor not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depe nds on the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new studentclass he was in.A. which B. where C. if

19、 D. that(4) I don ' t know Mr. Green will come to see us. He' ll help us with our English.A. why B. whe n C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Don ' t break the bottles. Do you hear I said? David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know Mr Black ad ' dresss is?- He may liv

20、e at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I ' m not sure of .A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really don' t know .A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose三. 賓語從

21、句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞 /副詞 +主語 +謂語 +其他成分。I don ' t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave?練習題(1) Did you find out ?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) A

22、re you interested in ?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I don ' t know . Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he

23、 wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where(6) She asked Tom with his car?A. what t

24、he matter was B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter四. 賓語從句的時態時態：1、 主句是一般現在時，從句根據實際情況使用任何時態。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2、 主句是過去時態，從句須用過去時態的某種形式。例句 : She was sorry that she hadn ' t finished her work on time.3、 當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現在時態。

25、例句 : The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.練習題(1) It ' s 7:30. I can' t believe youcooking dinner yet, Sally.A. haven ' t started B. didnt C. don t start D. hadnt started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has bee n D

26、. will be(3) The teacher said that the earth round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We ' d like to tell you that you the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass(5) “ Could you tell me ? . T hey “_Y_esto the library.A. where are the twi ns, have bee n B. where were the t

27、wi ns, have bee nC. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone(6) Our father said that hea new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys(7) I hear that he to Beiji ng yesterday.A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone注意運用虛擬語氣的情況在表示建議 suggest、 advise、 pr

28、opose;要求 dema nd、 desire、 request ；決定 decide;命令 order、 comma nd、 require;堅決主張 in sist;等動詞后跟賓語從句，用should +v .虛擬語氣Eg : I suggested that you should study hard .He ordered that we should go out at once虛擬語氣的用法語氣所表示的含義不虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設，疑心，猜想，建議等含義，虛擬 是客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣的用法：1虛擬語氣用在簡單句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：May you

29、 be happy. 祝你幸福。May you have a good time.祝愿你玩得痛快。Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out ！ 你出去！2) 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中：動詞 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose, 等詞后面的賓語從 句表示的是一種虛擬 語氣，賓語從句中的動詞動作表示的只是一種愿望、要求。如：I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一邊。I wish I could help him. 我希望我能幫助他。He insisted that all of us

30、should be there on time by any means.他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。動詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose后面的從句中， "should" 可以省略。如：The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求學生每周都要自己洗

31、衣服。3) 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中：在句型"It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that" 中， that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形，如：It's necessary that we should have a walk now.我們有必要出去散散步。It's natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。It's important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的

32、是我們要照顧好病人。4) 虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中：虛擬語氣最多地用在表示條件的狀語從句和表示結果的從句 中。在表示與事實相反 的虛擬語氣時，動詞有三種時態形式，即現在、過去和將來。A 與現在事實相反的： If I (we,you,he,they)+ 動詞過去式 . if I (he,she) were. I (we) should +動詞原形。 He(you,they) would + 動詞原形。B 與過去事實相反的： If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 過去分詞 I(we)should + have+ 過去 分詞。 He (you,they) would + have +

33、過去分詞。If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就買了它。If I had time, I would study French.如果我有時間，我會學習法語的。If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英語的話，她不會找我幫助的。If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.如果明天天氣好，我就去買東西。明白了虛擬語氣的用法就會明白什么時候需要用虛擬語氣了， 在表示說話人的一種愿望， 假 設，疑心，猜想， 建議等含義，或表示的含義不是客觀存在的事

34、實時需要用虛擬語氣。簡化賓語從句的方法方法一 ：當主句謂語動詞是 hope ， decide ， wish ， choose ， agree ， promise 等，且 賓語從句的主 語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結構。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二 ：當主句謂語動詞是 know ， learn ， remember ， forget

35、， tell 等動詞，且主句 主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式結構。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open thewindow.注：當主句謂語動詞是 tell ， ask， show ， teach 等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式結構。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station? Could you tell me how to get to the

36、station ？方法三：當主句的謂語動詞是 order 命令， require 需要等時，如果主句和從句 的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞代詞+不定式結構。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四 ：某些動詞后的賓語從句， 可以用介詞加動名詞 短語 等其他形式簡化。 例如： He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor

37、boy doesn'tknow when and where he was born. The poor boy doesn' t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五 ：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉化為“賓語 +V-ing 形式作賓語補足語結 構。例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動詞 seem 后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式短語來簡化，但句

38、型需要進行 適當的變化。例如： It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉化，如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well.f I found it difficult to lear n En glish well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.f Soon we found the ground covered with

39、thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. f They found the box very heavy.賓語從句練習1()1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take()2 Catheri ne said that sheto Guan gzhou.A. has n ever gone B. had n ever goneC. has n ever bee n D. had

40、 n ever bee n()3 The stude nts want to know whether theydictati on today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are()4 She asked Linda if go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may()5 Linda said the moon _ _ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled賓語從句

41、練習2()1 Can you tell meyou were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that()2 I don't knowthey have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. whe n D. where()3 I hardly un dersta nd.he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who()4 She did n't know _ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be

42、C. he will be()5 I don't knowhe still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.whe n()6 Do you knowthey liste ned to yesterday eve ning?A. what B whe n C why D how()7 He asked metold me the accide nt.A whom B which C who D whose賓語從句練習3()I.They don't know their pare nts are

43、.A that B what C why D which()2.Please tell mewhat last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister workC where your sister works D where your sister worked()3.She asked me if I knewA. whose pen is it B. whose pen it wasC. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it()4. You must remember.A. w

44、hat your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said()5 Did you know?A. who he was look ing after B. who was he look ing forC. who he is look ing for D. who he is look ing after()6 Could you tell me ?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they

45、leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing賓語從句練習 41.1 don't know he will come tomorrow. he comes, I'lltell you .A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; If2. I don't know the day after tomorrow.A. whe n does he comeB. how will he comeC. if he co

46、mes D. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mendC. how he men ded D. what he men ded4. I want to know .A. whom is she look ing afterB. whom she is look ingC. whom is she look ing D. whom she is look ing after5. Do you know where now?

47、A. he lives B. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live6. Do you know what time ?A. the train leaveB. does the train leaveC. will the train leave D. the train leaves7.1 don't know . Can you tell me, please?B. how old are the two pAla.yheorsw the two players are old C.D. how old the two playetrhseat

48、rweo players are how old8. The small children don't knowA. what is their stockings inB. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings inD. what in their stockings9. I can't understandA. what does Christmas mean C.B. what Christmas does meanwhat mean Christmas doesD. what Christmas me

49、ansExercises: 用所給的單詞將以下句子連成一句1.What is her name? (I don ' t know)2.Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know)3What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)When did the accident happen? (Please go and find out)What foreign language can you speak?

50、(I want to know)Whose box is it on the floor? (I' m not sure)How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me)She is a teacher. (I hear)10Does her aunt live in Paris? (I' m not sure)11Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom? (I asked)12Who will come to join us? (Do you know)13My son is having a

51、 cold. (she said)14. Will it rain again tomorrow? (I dont know)1、 A2、A3、A4、A5、A6、A7、A8、A.9、A 10、A 11、A 選擇題Do you know how much hot water Mum is neededB does Mum need CMum needsD did Mum needCan you tell me where he isB where is heC he is whereD what is heI didn't know howto London?would they goB

52、 are they going Cthey would goD they are goingI want to know how long has he been backB has he come back Che has been back Dhe has come backDo you know _ what the news areB what is the news Cwhat the news isD what are the newsHe said he would help me with my maths if he free.was B will be C would be

53、D isHe will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.gets B is getting C will getD shall getFather music when he youngliked was B . liked is C. likes was D . likes isI liked sports I was young.D very much becauseso much as B so much that C very much when mother got home, I was tidying my room.After B When C As soon as D BeforeThe teacher didn't