1、河南理工大學萬方科技學院電氣與自動化工程系2011屆畢業生英文文獻專業：電氣工程及其自動化 班級： 071班 學號： 0720110041 姓名： 張石磊 時間：2011年6月8日Based on monolithic integrated circuit automobile security alarm system designAbstract: Decodes the automobile security system using them on litchis integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code,

2、it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, both enhanced the system security, and greatly reduced the cost.Keyword: Monolithic integrated circuit, Automobile security system , Code/decodeIntroductionIs unceasingly progressive along with the social economy and the high tech rapid

3、development, in the routine work and the life, the automobile has become the people ideal transportation vehicle. But the following motor vehicle the case which robbed gradually is also in creased has created the pilot economical property loss. In order tore duce the automobile to rob the event the

4、formation rate, for has the automobile the user to provide the safety control, simply develops one kind to be reliable, the ease of operation, can send out in the discovery normal condition to the pilot reports to the police the reminder and the security warning safety system has the practical signi

5、ficance. This article based on to the existing automobile security alarm system generalized analysis, develops one kind of brand-new security alarm system. This system has mainly used the jump code code/decoding principle, causes the overall system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining ra

6、te.1. System principle of workThe automobile security alarm system the remote control which carries by the driver and installs in the automobile the controller two parts composes. The remote control and the controller all use eight CMOS which American AT-MEL Corporation produces the AVR monolithic i

7、ntegrated circuit, this series monolithic integrated circuit based on new simplifies instruction R the ISC structure, includes the service life most to be few is 1,000 time writes/scratches the circulation the Flash program memory, as well as the service life at least is 100,000time writes/scratches

8、 the circulation E the EPROM data-carrier storage, some 2 only have when the entire piece cleaning can clean the programming encryption locks the localization.1.1 System designThe automobile security examination uses the ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is composed by the ultrasonic wave tra

9、nsmission circuit and the supersonic reception electric circuit, in the automobile cab appropriate position, installs the ultrasonic wave launch/receiver, as well as switch electric circuit T1. When the automobile parks the vehicle owner person must leave the automobile, with remote control closed s

10、witch T1, the automobile alarm system sat garrisons the condition, around the system use ultrasonic wave examination vehicle obstacle. Launches the partial electric circuits likes chart 1 to show. When its P1 mouth P1.1, P1.2 to the D trig , the P1.0 control ultrasonic wave launch, are 0, the photo

11、electricity coupler outputs the TP1 end is 1, the permission ultrasonic wave launch, launches/the receive ultrasonic wave in turn, the circulation repeatedly carries on. Simultaneously the monolithic integrated circuit interior counter starts to count. The steam distance between vehicles obstacle di

12、stance is the time which sends out through the sound navigation and ranging reflects spends determines and carries on the computation. The reflection signal causes the D trigger to produce interrupt request signal INT1,simultaneously stops counting, reads takes counts the value, calculates the actua

13、l distance after the formula, then carries on the comparison with the datum distance, if examines when the actual distance is bigger than reference value 80cm, does not carry on the accustom-optics to report to the police; If some people approach the automobile to enter the cab, the examination actu

14、al distance is smaller than or was equal to when reference value 80cm, through monolithic integrated circuit P2.2 and the P2.3 port, actuates the indicating lamp display circuit and the sound alarm circuit, sends out three two flash. And triggers a high level, the actuation is wire less signal trans

15、mission circuit.1.2 Code/decoding principleThe present automobile remote control security system are many is usesVD5026/27, PT2262/72, HT12E/D and so on the general code/decodes the electric circuit, its password decided by the component address, each set of security systems use a fixed invariable p

16、assword. Along with the micro processing technology development, through the receiver emote control transmitting message, may intercept this fixed password, moreover general arranges the decoding address to lose the person to carry the component size limit, its quantity is impossible too much, can o

17、btain not repeatedly codes very is also limited, also can very quickly explain the password with the automatic scanner. Therefore, this kind of password fixed invariable automobile security system has received the serious threat. Decodes the automobile security system using the monolithic integrated

18、 circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, with the password no longer duplicates uses, causes the interception password also is makes a futile effort, in addition, it may increase the enough many passwords figure, enhances the s

19、ystem resistance illegal scanning the ability. The remote control coding altogether has 12 bytes, separately by 3 bytes codes channels code, 3 bytes codes forewords number, 5 bytes jumps codes, 1 byte pressed key operation code is composed. Encoded front adds on logic in each byte 0 to take the outs

20、et position, encoded behind adds on a logical 1 achievement in each byte to stop the position, and in most front adds on several logic 1 to take the guidance signal, this constituted the serial coded signal which uses in to transmit. The code channel code uses in to express the remote control status

21、; each set of systems use a fixed channel code. The code foreword number uses in to record the encoded order, its starting value is 0, the monolithic integrated circuit every time codes a time, the code foreword number upwardly counts time. The code channel code and the code foreword number deposits

22、 in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guarantees them power cut the influence. The jump code is the systematic true password, it passes through the complex special algorithm by the code channel code and the code foreword number to extract, this special algorithm foreign security. The pressed key

23、 operation code by the pressed key which presses was decided, when "the hypothesis" the key is pressed down, its code decides as 0 1H; When "relieves" the key presses down, its code decides as 00H. Whether is the decoding confirms receive the code legitimate a series of operating

24、 process. Was confirmed the legitimate code needs to satisfy three conditions; (1 codes the channel code and the decoding channel code is same; (2 coded the foreword number to be bigger than the decoding foreword number (decoding foreword number to record on legitimately has used code foreword numbe

25、r, this condition might guarantee before has used code was invalid; (3 jumps the code to be equal to reuses the special algorithm to extract changes the code. After the monolithic integrated circuit confirmed receives is the legitimate code, writes the code foreword number in the decoding foreword n

26、umber, and completes corresponding operation processing according to the operation code. The decoding channel code and the decoding foreword number also deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guards against because of power cut loses.1.3 Security reports to the police realizationIf will h

27、ave robber Chen ZheRu the room, starts the automobile, after wrong password, then the automobile storage battery +12V voltage, the ignition electric current way ignition lock, the ignition outage, the engine extinguishes, again starts, will duplicate the above process, like this, the bandits and thi

28、eves always will not be able to start the automobile, will not be able to achieve its anticipated goal. The alarm circuit mainly is composed by the integrated block and the speaker and electronic switching SCR. Triode or the multiple-unit tube, are for enhance the electric circuit measure which the

29、power but often uses, it has composed a current amplification factor very big equivalent transistor, total enlargement factor for these two enlargement factor product. SCR is the electronic switching which constitutes by the silicon-controlled rectifier, the electric capacity and the resistance cons

30、titution negative booster concurrently filter, provides +3 +4V to IC the voltage, IC is traces Draws up sound reports to the police the integrated circuit, the alarm apparatus by the SCR control, robs the vehicle thief once after the wrong password, then the storage battery electric current enters t

31、he security system besides a group, another group is started in the engine, after leads the engine work, natural contact output voltage, after the differentiating circuit, silicon-controlled rectifier SCR is triggered, also passes through the resistance to fall the pressure, the voltage adds in the

32、IC power source input end, IC obtains the voltage output alarm, enlarges after the multiple-unit tube, Destroys moves the speaker to send out resoundingly reports to the police the sound. when static state, entire electric circuit does not consume the electricity.2. Software designThe alarm apparatu

33、s software design mainly divides into: Master routine (alarm apparatus initialization, key modulation and decoding; Alarm apparatus interrupt handling routine. This alarm apparatus installs on the automobile steering wheel. After installs, starts the alarm apparatus, the alarm apparatus automaticall

34、y retards2030s to start to work, in order to lets use the person to have the enough time to lock the gate to leave the automobile. After the time delay the alarm apparatus enters the value to defend the active status, once the vehicle door is turned on or the windowpane hits garrulously, the oscilla

35、tion pick-up examines the signal, time delay 20s starts to report to the police. The time delay goal is the master which causes the automobile is opening the gate to enter the vehicle internal energy closure alarm apparatus, in order to avoid reports to the police by mistake.2.1 Master routineThis p

36、art mainly completes to each severance entrance hypothesis, and reports to the police the depositing unit initialization to each fixed unit, establishes the special symbol value and to the pressed key interrupts processing. Master routine design diagram like chart 2 shows.2.2 Alarm apparatus interru

37、pt handling routineThe burglar alarm disposal procedure uses time severance inquiry processing, each time severance, only is inquires each kind of control flag bit, controls each group output according to its condition. The procedure has not used has circulation processing the way, therefore time co

38、ntrol conclusion, cannot eliminate controls the flag bit, only is repositions the scene, the waiting next time severance, again judges whether controls the conclusion.3. Concluding remarkUses automobile security alarm system cost which this kind of monolithic integrated circuit composes low, perform

39、ance reliable, simultaneously settles the extension to be convenient. The use jump code code/decoding principle, causes the system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate, will obtain the wide spread application in the future automobile security alarm system.基于單片機的汽車防盜報警系統設計摘要: 應用單片機內部

40、資源實現的跳變編碼/解碼汽車防盜系統，它每次使用的遙控密碼都在變化，既提高了系統的安全性，又大大降低了成本。關鍵詞: 單片機 汽車防盜系統 編碼/解碼引言 隨著社會經濟的不斷進步和高科技的飛速發展，在日常工作和生活中，汽車已成為人們理想的交通工具。但隨之而來的機動車輛被盜的案件也逐漸增多，造成了駕駛員經濟財產的損失。為了減少汽車被盜事件的發生率，給擁有汽車的用戶提供安全保障，研制一種簡單可靠、操作方便，能在發現不正常情況下給駕駛員發出報警提醒和防盜警報的安全系統具有實際意義。本文基于對現有汽車防盜報警系統的綜合分析，開發出一種全新的防盜報警系統。該系統主要使用了跳變碼的編碼/解碼原理，使得整個

41、系統更加安全，大大降低密碼破解率。1. 系統工作原理汽車防盜報警系統由司機攜帶的遙控器和安裝在汽車內的控制器兩部分組成。遙控器和控制器都用美國AT-MEL 公司生產的八位C MOS 型 AVR 單片機，該系列單片機基于新的精簡指令R ISC 結構，含有使用壽命最少為1000 次寫/擦循環的 Flash 程序存儲器，以及使用壽命至少為 10萬 次寫/擦循環的E EPROM 數據存儲器，有 2 位只有在整片擦除時才能擦除的編程加密鎖定位。1.1總體設計汽車防盜的檢測,采用超聲波傳感器。超聲波傳感器由超聲波發射電路和超聲波接收電路組成，在汽車駕駛室的適當位置，裝設超聲波發射/接收器，以及遙控開關電路

42、T1。當汽車停放車主人要離開汽車時，用遙控器閉合開關T1，汽車報警系統處于設防狀態，系統利用超聲波檢測車周圍的障礙物。它的 P1 口的 P1.1、P1.2對 D 觸發器初始化，P1.0 控制超聲波發射，為 0時 ，光電耦合器輸出TP1 端為 1，允許超聲波發射，依次發射/接收超聲波，循環反復進行。同時單片機內部的計數器開始計數。汽車距障礙物的距離是通過聲納發出到反射回來所花費的時間來測定并進行計算的。反射信號使 D 觸發器產生一個中斷請求信號INT1，同時停止計數，讀取計數值，經公式計算出實際距離，然后與基準距離進行比較，如果檢測的實際距離大于參考值80cm時 ，不進行聲光報警；如果有人靠近汽

43、車進入駕駛室，檢測的實際距離小于或等于參考值 80cm時，通過單片機的P2.2 和P2.3 端口，驅動指示燈顯示電路和聲音報警電路，發出三聲二閃光。并觸發一個高電平，驅動無線信號發射電路。1.2 編碼/解碼原理目前的汽車遙控防盜系統多是使用 VD5026/27、PT2262/72、HT12E/D 等通用的編碼/解碼電路，其密碼由器件的地址來決定，每套防盜系統使用一個固定不變的密碼。隨著微處理技術的發展，通過接收遙控發射信號，就可以截獲到這一固定的密碼，而且一般的編解碼器的地址輸人端受器件尺寸限制，其數量不可能太多，能得到的不重復編碼也就很有限，用自動掃描器也能很快破解密碼。因此，這類密碼固定不變的汽車防盜系統已受到嚴重的威脅。應用單片機內部資源實現的跳變編碼/解碼汽車防盜系統，它每次使用的遙控密碼都在變化，用過的密碼不再重復使用，使得截獲密碼也是徒勞無功，此外，它可以增加足夠多的密碼位數，以提高系統抗擊非法掃描的能力。遙控編碼共有12個 字節，分別由3字 節編碼通道碼、3 字節編碼序號碼