1、情態動詞精品學案情態動詞解讀: 本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒、態度或語氣的動詞。 不能單獨作謂語。 和其他動詞原形構成謂語。 謂語動詞之前。 無人稱和數的變化。 否定式構成是在情態動詞后面加“ not。 ” 個別情態動詞有現在式和過去式兩種形式，過去式可以用來表達更加客氣、委婉的語氣，時態性不強，可用于過去，現在或將來。經典例句：We can be there on time tomorrow. 我們明天能按時去那兒。May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？Shall we begin now? 我們現在就開始嗎？How dare you treat us lik

2、e that! 你怎么敢那樣對待我們!We can't carry the heavy box. 我們搬不動那箱子。情態動詞考點：1. 情態動詞表示推測。2. 情態動詞的基本用法。3. 情態動詞的答語。常見情態動詞：情態動詞有 can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought 好。情態動詞的基本用來：一、can, could1)表示能力(體力、知識、技能)時，等于 be able to 。a) Can you lift this

3、 heavy box?(體力)b) Are you able to lift this heavy box?c) Mary can speak three languages.(知識)d) Is Mary able to speak three languages?e) Can you skate?(技能)此時可用be able to代替。2) can表示請求和允許。Can I go now?Yes, you can. / No, you can ' t.此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could, might代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語中。(特別注明：這

4、是在表示請求和允許的時候。)Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. ( No, I m afraid not.)can't在否定句中可以表示命令，不允許，但是語氣比mustn't弱，具有勸慰的意思.3)can表示“有時會”：A kind person can lose temper sometimes.4)表示與五種感官和知覺的動詞連用。I can hear/ see you clearly from here.You can imagine how annoyed she was !5） can與be able to的區另

5、Can只有一般現在時（can）和一般過去式（could）；而be able to則有更多的時態。I ' ll nobe able to come this afternoon.當表示 經過努力才得以做成功某事（此事一般是一次性的，具體指的是某件事經過努力做成了 ）”時應用be able to,不能用Can 經典例句：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.He was able to survive the fire because he was brave.經典練習1 .（

6、2010全國卷 I 29）. Just be patient .You except the world to change so soon.A. can' tB. needn ' t C. may notD. will not3. （2009 北京卷）One of the few things you say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. can4. The fire spread through t

7、he hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had toB. wouldC. could D. was able to5. 【2012全國卷 II 17. I' m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money.A. canB. might C. wouldD. need（2011 四川卷）20. The police still haven ' t found the lost child, but they' re doing al

8、l they .A. canB. mayC. must D. should6、（2006 湖南卷）32.Some aspects of a pilot ' s job be boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours.A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must7. The biggest problem for most plants, which just get up and run away when threatened, is that

9、animals like to eat th407 湖南）A. shan ' tB. can ' tC. needn ' tD. mustn ' t二、may, might （非高考重點，考查較少）1）表示請求和允許。might比may語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時可用 can'或mustn't表示 不可以，禁止”Might/ May I smoke in this room?-No, you mustn' . t-May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can. （N

10、o, you can' t / mustn. ） ' t用May I. ?征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣，而用 Can I？在口語中更常見。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。（May+主語+動詞原形）May you succeed!經典例題：（2010 四川卷 3）. 一 I take the book out?I'm afraid not.A. W川B. MayC. MustD. Need三、 must, have to1）表示“必須”；否定形式mustn't,表示“禁止”。You must come in time.You mustn't tell anyon

11、e about thisit s a secret.2）硬要；偏要If you must drink so much , of course you'll feel sick.3 ） must與have to的區別：must是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則強調客觀需要。Must只有一般現在時，have to有更多的時態形式。 don't have to =needn t經典例題：1. （2005全國卷 1）26. Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !A. wouldn ' t B. mus

12、tn ' t C. needn ' t D. may not2. （2006 浙江卷）19. Could I have a word with you, mum? Oh dear, if you.A. can B. must C. may D. should3. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you take care of you門uggage2007 d 匕京卷）A. canB. mayC. mustD. will4. What do you think we can do for our age

13、d parents? You do anything except to be with them and be yourself2007 重慶卷）A. don ' t have toB. oughtn ' t toC. mustn ' tD. can ' t四.dare, need1) dare作情態動詞用時,常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中,過去式形式為dared。1. How dare you say I ' m unfair?2. He daren ' stpeak English before such a crowd, dare he

14、?3. If we dared not go there that day we couldn ' t get the beautiful flowers.2) need作情態動詞用時，常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should弋替。1. You needn' Come so early.2. - Need I finish the work today?Yes, you must. / No, you needn' . t3) dare和need作實義動詞用時，有人稱、數和時態的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常

15、接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中,dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesn' t dareto) answer.3. He needsto finish his homework today.經典例題：1 . I wonder how he that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2 . (2011 上海卷)28. I worry abo

16、ut my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes.A. can ' t B. mustn ' t C. daren ' tD. needn' t3 .【2012 全國】 30. I_use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. shouldn'tD. needn't4 .【20

17、12 天津】8. It ' s quite warm here; we turn the heoninet.A. couldn ' tB. mustn ' tC. needn ' t D. wouldn ' t五、 shall1) shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句，征求對方的意見。經典例句：What shall we do this evening?2) shall用于第二、三人稱陳述句，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。經典例句：You shall fail if you don ' t workihOr(d.(He shall ha

18、ve the book when I finish it.優諾)He shall be punished.喊脅)經典例題：1. (2010江蘇卷 25). I haven ' t got the reference book yet, but I' ll have a test on the subject next month.Don' t worry. You have it by Friday.A. couldB. shallC. mustD. may2. (2011 陜西卷)24.- Will you read me a story ,Mummy?-OK. Yo

19、u have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall3. 【2012 遼寧】 24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will六、 will, would1) 用于第二人稱疑問句表示 請求、建議等 ， would 更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示

20、 意志、愿望和 決心 。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if hewould go abroad.3) will 表習慣、傾向或反復發生的動作。如：John will fall asleep in church. 約翰做禮拜時老睡覺。Gold won't dissolve in hydrochloric acid. 金在鹽酸中不溶解。4) would表示過去反復發生的動作 或某種傾向,且沒有 現已無此習慣”的含義。used to也可表示 過去常常”，不表明現在的情況。1. During the vacation, hewo

21、uld visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.經典例題：1. I am busy now, my brother do it for you ?A. WillB. ShallC. MustD. May2. Please don t make a noise. . I ll be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I won t B. No, I won t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will七、 should, ought to1） should, ought to 表示 “應該 ”

22、， ought to 表示 義務 或 責任， 比 should 語氣重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.2） 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to 可通用，但在疑問句 中常用 should。1. You should / ought to go to class right away.2. Should I open the window?經典例題：1. What do you think we can do for our aged pa

23、rents? You do anything except to be with them and be yourself（2007 重慶卷）A. don t have toB. oughtn t toC. mustn tD. can t2 .（2008上海卷）29. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. mayB. can C. wouldD. should3 . （2009 四川卷 ） I don t care what people think.

24、Well, you .A. couldB. wouldC. shouldD. might17 / 17八.情態動詞表示推測情態動詞對現在對將來對過去陳述句肯定的推測(must )VVhave done/been陳述句否定的推測(can ' t/ couldn' tVVhave done/been陳述句可能的推測(may/might/could/should )VVhave done/been疑問句的推測(can/could )VVhave done/been經典例句：1) -Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper?-Sur

25、e. She must be walking around the campus now.2) It must have rained last night for it was wet in the street.3) She caH t be serious about it.4) What can they mean by saying that?5) The room is in such a terrible mess. It can' t have been cleaned as the landlady said.6) He could be very naughty w

26、hen he was a child.7) In those days, a lot of scientists thought that the sun could go around the earth.8) It ' s nearly seven o ' clock, Jack should be here at any moment.突破方法：1.體會推測的內涵，熟記各情態動詞的詞義。2.確定所推測動作發生的時間。經典例題：1. ( 2005 W匕京卷)26. He have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn' t

27、 be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. shouldB. mustC. wouldn ' t D. can ' t2. (2005廣東卷)33. I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake. It Harry's. He always wears green.A. has to beB. will beC. mustn't be D. could be3. (2005湖北卷)32. Do you know where David is? I could

28、n ' t find him anywhere.Well . He have gone faL his coat ' s still here.A. shouldn ' t B. mustn ' c C. can ' t D. wouldn ' t4. （2005 江西卷）22. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?Something to him.A. must happenB. should have happened C. could have happened D. mus

29、t have happened5. （2005 上海卷）27. There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A. mustn ' t B. shan ' t C. shouldn ' t D. needn ' t6. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.You it in the wrong place. （2007

30、江西卷）A. must putB. should have putC .might putD. might have put7.（2010 遼寧卷 26）. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it be regular exercise.A. canB. willC. mustD. may8. （2011 北京卷）24. - I don ' t really like James. Why did you invite him?-Don' t worry. He come. He said he was

31、n ' t certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not9. 【2012 全國】 30. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn'tD. needn't10. 【2012 遼寧】 24. One of our rules is t

32、hat every student wear school uniform while at school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will11. "When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon." "They be ready by 12:00."A. canB. shouldC. mightD. need12. A（2006全國卷 I）24. There's no light on - they be at home.A. can&#

33、39;tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. shouldn't13. （2006 天津卷）11. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A. needn ' t B. may notC. shouldn ' t D. mustn ' t九.“情態動詞+have done”用法情態動詞+have done用法例句must have done表示主觀上對過去已經發生的行為進行推

34、 測，意為“想必，準是，f做了某事”1. She must have gone through a lot.2. He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示對過去已發生行為的推測，意為“也許 / 或許已經（沒有）一般用于肯定句 或否定句中，不用于疑問句。用might則表示 語氣更加不肯定。1. You may have learnt the news.2. He may not have heard his name called.3. Sorry

35、 I m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.can have done cannot have done表示對過去發生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通 常用在否定句和疑問句中。（can換成could 時語氣委婉）1. Where can she have gone?2. Could he have done such a foolish thing?3. The boy can't have finished reading the book so soon because it

36、 is difficult even to an adult.could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經”之 意，止匕外，還可以表示過去能做而沒做的事， 有一種對過去為付諸實施的事情的惋惜。1. He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2. You could have been more considerate.3. You could have done better, but you were too careless.might have done表示“本來可能，但實際上沒有發生的 事情”。另

37、外，還可以表示“本來應該或可以 做某事”之意，含有輕微的責備語氣。1. You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2. He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/ought to have done用于肯定句時，表示本該做某事，而實際上 未做；用于否定句時，則表示不該做的事反 而做了。1. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort

38、 of thing.2. You shouldn't have done it so carelessly.3. You ought to have returned the book earlier.needn't have done表小做了本來/、必去做的事。注思：didn tneed to do表示“沒必要做而實際上也沒有做 杲事”1. You needn't have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2. I didn't need to buy the dictionary. I had a co

39、py at home.had better have done用于事后的建議，含輕微責備的口吻，意為 當時最好做了某事,其否定式had betternot have done表示相反的含義。1. You had better have started earlier.2. You had better not have scolded her.would rather have done表示“當時寧愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have doneS小相反的含義， 兩者都 表示“后悔”之意。1. I would rather have taken his advice.

40、2. I would rather not have told him the truth.經典例題：1. （2005 山東卷）34. He paid for a seat, when he have entered free.A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need2. （2005 遼寧卷）26. This cake is very sweet. You a lot of sugar in it.A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put3. （2006 江西卷）24. The weather

41、 turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn't have taken D, mustn't have taken4. My MP4 player isn ' t in my bag. Where I have put it? （2007 福建卷） A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would5. I told your friend how to get

42、to the hotel, but perhaps J have driven her there.（2007 陜西卷）A.couldB.mustC.mightD.should6. （2008遼寧卷）22. Peter be really difficult at times even though he' s a nice person in general.A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must7. （2009 江蘇卷）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A.

43、 could expressB. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed8.【2012 江西】22. We have bought so much food now that Suzie won' t be with us for dinner.A. may notB. needn ' tC. can ' t D. mustn ' t十 .情態動詞的答語：1） 表示 請求 和 允許。Can I go now? Yes, you can. / No, you can t.此時可與ma

44、y 互換。在 疑問句 中還可用could, might 代替，不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語中。明：這是在表示請求和允許的時候。） Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. （ No, I amfraid not. ）2） 表示 請求 和 允許。 might 比 may 語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時可用can t 或 mustn t ， 表示 “不可以，禁止Might/ May I smoke in this room?No, you mustn t . May/Might I take this book out

45、of the room?Yes, youcan. （No, you can t / mustn. ） t用 May I. ？ 征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣，而用Can I.？ 在口語中更常見。3）在回答must引出的問句時，如果是肯定的用must;如果是否定的，不能用mustn' （禁止，不準），而用needn' （不必） . Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes, you must.No, you don t have to/ you needn t.4）在回答need引出的問句時，如果是肯定的用 must;如果是否定的，不

46、能用mustn'（禁止，不準），而用needn'（不必） . Need I finish the work today?禁止（特別注t, don t have tot, don t have toYes, you must. / No, you neednt .高考連接：1. （2005江蘇卷）31. The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. Oh, dear! She a lot of difficulties!A. may go t

47、hroughB. might go through C. ought to have gone throughD. must have gone through2. （2006 陜西卷）19.As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning.A. mayn ' tB. can ' t C. mustn ' tD. needn ' t3. HoW s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It be, but it is now heavil

48、y polluted. （2007全國卷 I）A. willB. wouldC. shouldD. must4. Guess what! I have got A for my term paper（2007 上海卷）Great! You read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. should have5. The teacher have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I

49、suppo（2007 安徽卷）A. shouldB. canC. wouldD. must6. She looks very happy. She have passed the exam2007 江蘇卷）I guess so. It ' s not difficult after all.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might7. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. （2007 上海春）A. can ' tB. mustn ' tC

50、. needn ' tD. shouldn ' t8. My cat ' s really fat.You have given her so much food（2007 浙江卷）A. wouldn ' tB. couldn ' tC. shouldn ' tD. mustn ' t9. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don' t think we it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could

51、manage D. can have managed.（20081| 東卷）2410. （2009 遼寧卷）The traffic is heavy these days. I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A. canB. mustC. needD. might11. （2011 全國卷 I） 32. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should12. （2011 陜西卷）22.I through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldn ' t have gone B. didn ' t go C. wouldn ' t go D. hadn ' t gon