1、食用菌主要病蟲害綜合防治技術食用菌屬真菌類,他的生長發育所需要的環境條件,也同樣適合真菌病蟲害的發生,如果不重視生態環境的控制、不采取必要的預防措施,雜菌和各種蟲害便會隨之發生。因此,在食用菌的生產與栽培過程中,防治食用菌病蟲害應遵循“預防為主,綜合防治”的植保工作方針,利用農、化、理、生等進行綜合技術防治,以促進食用菌健壯生長,高產優質,基本的綜合防治措施如下。Edible fungi, he needed for the growth and development of environmental conditions, also suitable for fungal diseases

2、 and insect pests occur, if do not take the control of ecological environment, not take the necessary precautions, mixed bacteria and a variety of pests will ensue. , therefore, in the process of production and cultivation of edible fungi, prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests of

3、 edible fungi should follow the "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control of" plant protection working policy, agriculture, to make use of born, science, etc. Comprehensive prevention and control technology to promote the growth of edible fungi robust, high yield and good qua

4、lity, the basic of comprehensive prevention and control measures are as follows.1治理環境1 the governance environment在良好的衛生環境條件下,可減少病蟲雜菌滋生蔓延,提高食用菌的病蟲防治效果,這是實際生產過程中至關重要。In a good health condition, can reduce the miscellaneous bacteria spread of diseases and pests, improve the effect of the prevention and

5、 control of diseases and pests of edible fungi, it is crucial in the process of actual production.1.1保持衛生環境良好食用菌生產場所的選擇和設計要科學合理,菇棚應遠離庫房、養殖場等有可能污染食用菌的地方;食用菌栽培環境要保持潔凈,不可堆放廢物,保持整潔。整個生產過程中所有有門窗的地方都要有窗紗防護,避免害蟲進入與雜菌污染。技術人員進入生產與工作環境時,要著專業工作服裝并做好消毒工作,否則不得進入。一旦發現可疑情況,立即進行處理。將可能受到感染的病菇、雜菌、害蟲等污染物清理干凈。1.1 keep

6、good health environment to scientific and reasonable selection and design of edible fungus production places, mushroom tents should be far away from the warehouse, such as farms where possiblecontamination of edible fungi; Edible fungus cultivation environment must keep clean, do not pile up waste,

7、keep clean and tidy. The whole production process all have Windows and doors must have window screen protection, avoid vermin and bacterial contamination. Technical personnel entering the production and working environment, want to work with professional clothing and make disinfection work, otherwis

8、e not allowed to enter. Once found suspicious circumstances, immediately for processing. Will potentially infected disease mushroom, miscellaneous bacteria, insects pollutants such as clean up.1.2做好食用菌生產過程中工具與原材料消毒工作食用菌生產過程中工具與原材料都應進行嚴格的藥物消毒。可用1%的高錳酸鉀溶液洗滌或用3%4%的石碳酸溶液噴霧消毒。需要覆土的菌類,所需要的覆土進入栽培環境前需要經過陽光曝

9、曬或藥劑熏蒸消毒。1.2 make edible fungus production tools and materials in the process of disinfection work in edible fungus production tools and materials should be strictly in the process of disinfection. Available washing with 3% 4% or 1% potassium permanganate solution of phenol solution spray disinfecti

10、on. Need turns the soil fungi, need before turns the soil into the cultivation environment requires sunlight insolate or drug fumigation.1.3防止培養料受到污染用生料栽培時,可選用5多菌靈抑制霉菌。先用清水將堆料場地沖洗干凈,然后用5敵敵畏溶液均勻噴灑,做好食用菌病蟲發生的預防工作。1.3 when it is used to prevent the pollution of PeiY angLiao raw cultivation, can choose

11、5 carbendazim inhibitory. First rinse with water will be stocking yard, and then use 5 evenly spraying dichlorvos solution, completes the prevention work of occurrence of diseases and pests of edible fungi.2嚴把菌種質最關2 pass of strains of qualitative most選用正規菌場、質量好的菌種,并做到適時接種。選種時要注意四點。1到正規廠家購買信譽度好、知名度高的

12、菌種。2母種傳代最好不要超過三代,栽培種直接由原種轉接,由栽培種再次轉接的不可作栽培種使用。3優質菌種應該具備以下特征,菌絲健壯、純凈、無污染。4選擇適合當地、適合栽培時期的主推品種,不可盲目引種。Choose normal bacteria strains, good quality, and timely vaccination. To pay attention to four points when selecting seeds. 1 to the strains of normal manufacturer to buy good reputation and high visib

13、ility. 2 mother kind of batches had better not more than three generations, transfer directly by the elite varieties cultivated by transfer cannot be cultivated to use again. 3 high quality strains should have the following characteristics, hyphae, robust and pure and pollution-free. 4 choose to suit the local main varieties, suitable for cultivation period, not blindly introduction.3促菇抑蟲抑病3 for mushroom insect or disease suppression當環境條件不適合食用菌生長發育時,會導致其生命力減弱,給病蟲害的繁育創造了機會。食用菌種類不同,其對環境條件也有不同的要求,要根據不同食用菌所適宜的環境條件對濕度、溫度、光線、水分、酸堿度等進行科學管理,使整個環境適合食用菌的生長而不利