1、【精品文檔】如有侵權，請聯系網站刪除，僅供學習與交流外文文獻翻譯(最終版).精品文檔.造紙機的烘缸摘要：本篇闡述的是有關的造紙機的干燥烘缸。烘缸是中空的，烘缸的缸體內表面沿長度方向有溝槽。大多數的集水器沿管道軸向延伸套管。吸水管的設計是從每個集水器到一個總槽對于由此吸入的冷凝水。一個虹吸管被連接到每個集水器收集的冷凝水。虹吸管道是絕緣,以降低內部和外部的溫度差異。虹吸管有固定的形狀和間隔以至于虹吸管從凹槽中能盡可能從除掉大量凝結水，與凹槽附近的虹吸管道相比,剩下的套管長度要達到更均勻套管，為了達到更均勻的干燥性能，烘缸的缸體在寬度方向有網格。例如,虹吸管的吸入管道附近可能有一個更大的直徑或可能

2、會有一個更強的負壓式凝聚力在管道附近地區。關鍵詞：烘缸，設計，冷凝水，虹吸管1 造紙機的烘缸1.1烘缸的設計背景本發明涉及造紙機的烘干裝置或其它類似的過道,更特別地,是指為了在寬度方向達到均勻烘干。烘缸包括一個套管在他的內表面有溝槽和在里面提供一個虹吸功能的，烘缸是從凹槽內吸取冷凝水的。虹吸管的排列一般包括大量的元素。現在描述，冷凝水的收集在哪個點上的,也就是，在缸體的套管的周邊內,提供了小型吸吮管道。這些周邊的凹槽的設計，冷凝水的集水器位于套管的里面，套管被連接到許多小的虹吸管用于接收由此產生的凝結水迷途。冷凝水收集器是連接到虹吸管道，相反的，,一般來說, 大幅度徑向延長套管。相反，導致彎管

3、軸向延伸主要是凝結水的排水線。盡管造紙機有許多的改進, 特別是在造紙機的干燥部分, 認為在它的寬度,已經有一系列的連續的問題，紙網是不均勻的潮濕(或不均勻的干燥)。尤其在大的烘缸對于生產定量很輕的縐紙, 在整個烘缸的長度上，干燥的均勻度是決定性的紙的數量和質量。干燥狀況微小的不同都會對紙網的質量產生很不利的影響。在造紙設備上提高生產的紙質量和造紙設備的結合一直是現代研究首要考慮的。紙的剖面烘干的均勻度已經被努力反復研究。本研究卻很困難,因為有許多來源的擾動導致紙面的干燥不良。以下可能性應注意，在紙的某個部位出現的水分能被在紙網的部分被拔出，這可能因此而被歸因于造紙機的流漿箱的故障, 例如,從箱

4、體傳送到唇板，在過程中出現問題,在濕部到網部出現問題，堵塞壓力輥的抽吸孔，在噴淋管道出現問題,等等。更近一步說，在熱風罩的操作也可能出現問題的，在一個壓力輥的輥型設計故障可能導致干燥的不均勻。所有這些干擾因素都被進行了研究,至少部分地被消除。徹底消除所有未達到干燥規定在現在的時間內是不可以達到的。1.2 烘缸的設計概要本設計的對象是造紙機的烘缸，或者類似物,紙張的剖面的干燥比以前可以早得到的。本設計的進一步的對象從套管地區除掉大量的冷凝水，其中大量的冷凝水都積聚在這里的。根據發明，烘缸的設計是為了適應附近的干燥性能，即虹吸管道，管子從外面徑向延伸到套管里面, 對余下的區域干燥性能在沿氣缸套管的

5、長度變化。這項設計是基于以下實現，直到現在,人們一直以為是安排整個虹吸的，用所有的零件，從單獨的凹槽均勻去除凝結水,，所提供的幾何條件是在相同的管槽中放置小的虹吸管。內部空間排列滾筒和虹吸管的安排之間交換的熱量也被考慮進去。但是它們已經建立有相關的熱量是非常少量的。測量相反的總消費量的加熱干燥。更近一步說，它一直是假定這個交換的熱量被均勻地分布在烘缸的長度, 自從凝結水收集延長至整個烘缸的長度。然而，設計者意識到虹吸管道, 哪個有相對較大的直徑、就在他的表面有一個特別高的程度。這可能是由于這樣的事實,即由于內部和外部壓力不同時,那里有一個溫度升高的凝結蒸汽，他被壓積在單獨虹吸管道的外部表面。在

6、虹吸管道內增加的冷凝水通過那些外圍套管內凹槽, 位于大型虹吸管道的附近。結果，在少數凹槽附近的冷凝水水平也是相對很高的。這就說明了在缺乏干燥性能在這一地區對氣缸,這說明了烘缸的這一區域干燥性能很差，所以,在這一點上,紙網仍然是很潮濕的。這是表現為“濕條紋”的紙網。對于提高烘干性能，同時虹吸管道達到的標準水平，有無數的可能性為實現這些措施,。這些可能包括彎管、絕緣管他們連接集水管的凝結水主軸引流線或空心軸上,個別的，交換的熱量進入到虹吸管道得內部，以減少大量的冷凝水發生以某種形式的滲出到虹吸管道的外表面。這些冷凝水的數量與傳熱管壁的系數是成正比的。對于相對少的經費不足, 當虹吸管道是未保溫的時候

7、，虹吸管道的傳熱系數的效率可以從10%減少到1%的水平。隨著無關緊要的技術，以至于冷凝水沉積的質量被降低。如果進一步的措施是用來保證在不受控制的時候，沒有冷凝蒸汽泄露出來,在剩余的缸體部分，確保足夠的均勻性和流行的缸體長度。也許同樣的均勻度的烘干紙張的紙網獲得超過它的寬度，那樣就會得到一個內壁光滑的缸體，(一個光滑的壁筒比一個溝槽壁筒干燥能力低,)。具有較高干燥能力的溝槽烘缸能被充分利用，從而提高紙張的質量,只有在干燥后已經達到。根據該發明的另一個特色，虹吸管在他們的外表面提供絕緣，在各個絕緣管之間，他們沿軸向尺寸的缸體套管和軸向排水線。這是應急的方法，在管子的內部有隔熱層, 由于具有較高的流

8、動速度，所以將會有一個危險的侵蝕。根據發明的進一步的特征, 形成的絕緣層覆蓋著高分子聚合物材料, 如橡膠, 尼龍或聚四氟乙烯(商標), 管或接合形式的羊毛。對管道由于用了特殊的裝置在兩頭，管可壓和密封。根據另一優選的, 整個絕緣覆蓋在每個虹吸管道被支撐套管支撐，是由更好的金屬組成。這套管可能穿墻或穿孔，或者它可以被做成圓形的或扁平的材料。為進一步體現發明，虹吸管被作為雙層，用來定義一個環形絕緣的空間, 這是作為密封的嚴密性應盡可能從外部到內部。絕緣空間最好是只包含氣體, 盡管它可能也包含流體的物質,比如油或粉狀或纖維隔熱材料。如上所述, 干擾因素要為在紙網上出現很多的“潮濕的條紋”負責。然而，

9、認為在寬度方向的紙網, 干擾因素很難本地化。盡管“潮濕的條紋”在寬度方向有特殊的位置，它不能確定擾動因素來自哪里，從而導致“低干燥”。比如,兩個擾動因素可能同時為“潮濕的條紋”負責。它將因此被欣賞這對于發明家是多么難的，進一步指出了的干擾因子使冷凝水在虹吸管過度形成。其他設計的對象和特征參照和伴隨著圖片被解釋。2圖紙的簡短描述圖2-1顯示的是一個內部溝槽烘缸的縱切面, 這是一個新的發明的提供;圖2-1 內部溝槽烘缸的縱切面圖2-2 烘缸的虹吸管圖2-3和圖2-4是烘缸的零件的視圖，具體顯示另外兩個的設計。圖2-3 烘缸的虹吸管圖2-4 烘缸的虹吸管圖2-1顯示一個烘缸套管1, 這是由兩個相對Z

10、形端帽支持在空心軸3。接近但間隔缸壁1, 有一組的凝結管4, 以封閉管狀的形式的導管，這是穿上間距在內側的關系,既延伸長度的軸向的缸體的套管1。在圖2, 體現了所有的缸壁周邊的凹槽和凹槽中的小型虹吸管中可以被看出。在圖2-2中,有多個環形槽5所定義的外圍筒內套管內壁1，小虹吸管道6被插入到一些周邊的凹槽5。冷凝水收集器4在圖2-2被展示了出來，它有許多的虹吸試管6間隔分開的人吸入管蘸進僅僅5周向槽的每一秒。冷凝水收集器的另一個虹吸試管在圖2-2中不能看見的，例如下一個相鄰的集水器4,被排列以至于浸在里另外的圓周的凹槽里。冷凝水以這種方式被均勻從所有圓周凹槽中排除。在圖2-1中，箭頭D表明蒸汽流

11、入烘缸的方向，箭頭K表明冷凝水離開的方向。管道6吸走冷凝水，并把它傳送給各自的冷凝水收集器4,從冷凝水收集器4，冷凝水經過各自虹吸管道7內部徑向的定向到達中央的位置, 凝結水引流線8軸向延伸。每個虹吸管道7通過各自的冷凝水收集器4和管道7是縱向的可動的，在套筒12和一個密封圈13這兩部分之間被夾緊。根據圖2-1可以體現出,虹吸管7的外面有熱絕緣9. 這樣,。在管道7的內部和外部就不會有一個由冷凝水引起的溫度差。在圖2-2中可以體現出，虹吸管7管道10所封閉，在管道7和管道10之間，有一個絕緣空間11被填滿的。例如,一種氣體。為了以上的各種原因，安裝這種絕緣的管道7。在所有的圖中，圖2-1、2-

12、2和2-4，所有虹吸管6都有相同的直徑。參照圖2-3, 除了或者相反的絕緣9(或10、11),虹吸管6比起其他的虹吸管6在虹吸管7的區域有一個更大的直徑。隨著越來越多的凝結水在虹吸管道7的附近產生, 更多的冷凝水也會被排除離開凹槽5附近的虹吸管道6,以至于同樣的水平的冷凝水現在都在凹槽5。從圖2-4可以體現出同樣的效果, 這兒的虹吸管有相同的直徑。但是,一定數量的虹吸管6在附近的虹吸管道7比沿其余的烘缸的套管1長度長, 由此更大數量的凝結水將會從凹槽5附近的虹吸管道排除。雖然本發明被認為與更好的有關，許多變化和修改現在將變得明顯, 因此它是首選。本發明是有限的,而不是特定的信息披露,而是通過附

13、加條款。Drying Cylinder or aper aking achineABATRACT:The disclosure concerns a drying cylinder for a paper making machine. The drying cylinder is hollow and is circumferentially grooved along the length of its inner surface. A plurality of collector conduits extend axially along the casing. Suction pipe

14、s project from each collector into respective ones of the grooves for sucking condensate therefrom. A siphon pipe is connected to each collector for siphoning off the collected condensate. The siphon pipe is insulated to reduce the temperature differential between the interior and exterior thereof.

15、The suction pipes are shaped and/or spaced so that the suction pipes are able to remove a greater amount of condensate from the grooves in the vicinity of the siphon pipe than from the grooves in the remainder of the length of the casing, for attaining more uniform drying performance by the drying c

16、ylinder across the width of the web. For example, the suction pipes in the vicinity of the siphon pipe may have a greater diameter or there may be a greater concentration of suction pipes in that vicinityKEYWORDS:drying cylinder,design, condensate , siphon pipe1 DRYING CYLINDER FOR PAPER MAKING MACH

17、INE1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe invention relates to a drying cylinder for a paper making machine, or the like, and more particularly to means for attaining uniform drying across the width of the web being dried.The cylinder includes a casing which is grooved on its inner surface and includes

18、a siphoning arrangement provided inside the cylinder for extracting condensate from the grooves in the casing. The siphoning arrangement generally includes a number of elements, now described. At the points at which the condensation gathers, namely, at the peripheral grooves in the cylinder casing,

19、small suction pipes are provided. These project into the peripheral grooves. Axially extending condensate collectors located inside the casing are connected to the many small suction pipes for receiving the condensate therefrom. The condensate collectors are, in turn, connected to siphon pipes which

20、 generally extend substantially radially of the casing. The siphon pipes, in turn, lead to an axially extending main condensate drainage lineDespite numerous improvements in paper making machines, and in particular in the drying sections of the paper making machines, there has been a continuous prob

21、lem that, viewed across its w idth, the paper web is unevenly damp (or unevenly dry). Particularly with large drying cylinders for producing lightweight crepe paper, the evenness of the drying over the whole length of the cylinder is decisive for the quality and quantity of the paper. Relatively sma

22、ll variations in the drying condition of the paper web produce very disadvantagenus effects in its quality.Improving the quality of paper produced in a paper making machine has been a prime concern of modern research in connection with paper making machines. The evenness of the drying profile of the

23、 paper web has been the subject of repeated research efforts. This research has been difficult since there are a number of sources of disturbance which cause a poor drying profile. The following possibilities should be noted. Moisture which is present at certain points in the paper web can be drawn

24、in from the wet part. This may thus be attributed to faults in the head box of the paper making machine, for example, a bowed delivery lip, faults in the press section, faults in the wet felt web, blocked holes in a suction pressure roller, faults in the spraying pipes, etc. Furthermore, there may a

25、lso be faulty operation of the hot air cowl. Cambering faults in a pressure roller may cause uneven drying. All these disturbance factors have been investigated and at least partially eliminated. Complete elimination of all drying irregularities has not been achieved up to the present time.1.2 SUMMA

26、RY OF THE INVENTIONAn object of this invention is to provide a drying cylinder for paper making machines, or the like, for producing in the paper web a more even drying profile than was previously obtainable.A further object of the invention is to remove a greater amount of condensate from the regio

27、n in the casing wherein the greater amount of condensate is likely to gather.According to the invention, the drying cylinder is designed to adapt the drying performance in the vicinity of the siphon pipes, i.e., the pipes which extend radially from the outside of the casing inwardly, to the drying p

28、erformance in the remaining area along the length of the cylinder casing.The invention is based on the following realization.Until now, it has been supposed that the entire siphoning arrangement, with all its parts, uniformly removes the condensate from the individual grooves, provided that the geom

29、etric conditions are the same for all the small suction pipes in the grooves. The exchange of heat between the inner space in the cylinder and the siphoning arrangement has also been taken into account, but it has been established that very small amounts of heat are involved, measured against the to

30、tal consumption of heat for drying. Furthermore, it has always been assumed that this exchange of heat is evenly distributed over the length of the cylindex, since the condensate collectors extend over the whole length of the cylinder. However, the inventor realized that siphon pipes ,which have rel

31、atively large diameters, "swear' to a particularly high degree on their external surfaces. This may be attributed to the fact that, as a result of the pressure difference between the insides and the outsides，of the siphon nines, there is an increased temperature condensate of the vapor bein

32、g deposited on the external surfaces of the individual siphon pipes. The increased condensate on the siphon pipes passes into those peripheral grooves in the cylinder casing which, viewed in a longitudinal section of the cylinder casing, are located in the vicinity of these large siphon pipes. As a

33、result,the level of condensate in those few peripheral grooves is relatively high. This explains the lack of drying performance in this region of the cylinder, so that at this point, the web remains damp. This is manifested as "damp stripes" of the web. There are numerous possibilities for

34、 realizing the measures for raising the drying performance at the localion of the siphon pipes to a standard level. One of these possibilities comprises insulating the siphon pipes, which connect the collectors to the axial main condensate drainage line or to a hollow shaft, respectively,from the ex

35、change of heat from the outside of the siphon pipes inwards, to thereby reduce the amount of condensation occurring in the form of sweating on the external surfaces of the siphon pipes. This amount of condensation is proportional to the coefficient of heat transmission of the pipe walls. With relati

36、vely little outlay, the coefficient of heat transfer of the siphon pipes can be reduced to from 1/10 to 1/100 of the level when the siphon pipes are uninsulated, so that the quanlily of condensate deposited is reduced to technically insignificant amounts.If further measures are used to ensure that n

37、o vapor condenses out in an uncontrolled manner in the remaining area of the cylinder, and to ensure that sufficient uniformity prevails over the length of the cylinder, then the same evenness of drying of the paper web is obtained over its width as would be obtained with a cylinder having a smooth

38、internal wall. (A smooth wall cylinder has a lower drying capacity than a grooved wall cylinder). The higher drying capacity of the grooved cylinder can be fully exploited to increase paper production only after even drying has been achieved.According to another feature of the invention, the siphon

39、pipes are provided with insulating coverings on their external surfaces between the collectors, which extend along the axial dimension of the cylinder casing, and the axial drainage line. This is expedient since, with an insulating layer inside the pipe, there would be a risk of erosion of the laver

40、 due to the high flow speeds.According to a further feature of the invention, the insulating covering is formed of a high-polymer material, such as rubber, polyamide or Teflon (trademark), in the form of tubes or glued-on fleece. The tube can be pressed and sealed against the pipe by using special d

41、evices at its two ends.According to another preferred embodiment,the entire insulating covering on each siphon pipe is supported externally by a supporting casing which is preferabley comprised of metal. This casing may wall or be perforated, or it may be made as round or flat material.As a further

42、embodiment of the invention, the siphon pipes are double-walled for defining an annular insulating space, which is sealed as hermetically as possible from the outside and from the inside. The insulating space preferably contains only gas, although it may also contain fluid substances such as oil or

43、powdered or fibrous insulating material。As mentioned above, the disturbance factors which are responsible for the occurrence of "damp stripes" in the paper web are numerous. Moreover, viewed across the width of the paper web, the disturbance factors are hard to localize. Although the "

44、;damp stripes" have specific positions across the width of the iveb, it cannot be determined from this which disturbance factors are causing the "under-drying". For example, two disturbance factors may be responsible- for the same "damp stripe". It will thus be appreciated h

45、ow hard it was for the inventor to pinpoint the further disturbance factor of the excessive formation of condensate on the siphonpipes.Other objects and features of the invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawing.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 shows an inter

46、nally grooved drying cylinder in longitudinal section, which is provided with a first embodiment of the invention;Fig2-1 an internally grooved drying cylinder in longitudinal sectionFig2-2 the siphon pipe of drying cylinderFIG. 3 and 4 are fragmentary views of drying cylinders showing two other embo

47、diments of the invention.Fig2-3 the siphon pipe of drying cylinderFig2-4 the siphon pipe of drying cylinderFIG. 1 shows a cylinder casing 1, which is supported by two opposite end caps Z on a hollow shaft 3. Near to but spaced from the cylinder wall 1, there are a plurality of condensate collectors

48、4, in the form of closed tubular conduits, which are arrayed in spaced relationship annularly around the inside of and which extend axially over the length of the cylinder casing 1.In FIG. 2, the peripheral grooves in the cylinder wall of all of the embodiments and the small suction pipes projecting

49、 into the grooves can be seen. In FIG. 2, there are a plurality of annular peripheral grooves 5 defined in the interior wall in the cylinder casing 1. Small suclion pipes 6 are inserted in some of the peripheral grooves 5.The condensate collector 4 shown in FIG. 2 has a number 'of suction tubes

50、6 that are spaced apart such that one suction tube dips into only every second circumferential groove 5. The suction tubes of another condensate collector, not visible in FIG. 2, such as the next adjacent collector 4, are so arranged that they dip into the other circumferential grooves. In this way

51、condensate is removed uniformly from all circumferential grooves.In FIG. 1, the arrows D indicate the vapor flowing into the cylinder and the arrow K indicates the condensate leaving the cylinder.The pipes 6 suck away the condensate and deliver it to the respective condensate collectors 4. From the collectors 4, the condensate passes through the respective radially inwardly directed siphon pipes 7 to the centrally located, axially extending condensate drainage line 8. Each siphon pipe 7 is passed into the respective collector 4 and the pipe 7 is long