1、.1.2P47/1(1)總體是指所研究的金針蟲金針蟲總體；(2)樣本是指從金針蟲總體中隨機抽取的6個個體個個體組成的樣本；(3)變數是指金針蟲的頭數頭數；(4)觀察值是指變數的6個取值個取值為6個觀察值。.3組組 限限組中值（組中值（y）劃線計數劃線計數 次數（次數（）24.5 27.526227.5 30.529 730.5 33.532 2433.5 36.535 4136.5 39.538 2139.5 42.541442.5 45.54445.5 48.5471P47/2 極差=46-26=20；組數=7；組距=20/7=2.85713 100個小區水稻產量資料的次數分布表個小區水稻產

2、量資料的次數分布表.4 100個小區水稻產量資料的方柱形圖P47/3.5.6P47/4222222/(374634)/1003485/10034.85() /374634 )3485 /1003.221100 1yy nyynSn222/(2 267 291 47)/1003467/10034.67() /1212973467 /1003.331100 1yfyffyfyfSf .7P47/5等級差法: 假定y0=35，02222 ( 3)7 ( 2)1 435334.67100() /123( 11) /10033.331100 1fdyyinfdfdnSin .8P47/6BS24：金皇后

3、：金皇后：11112221111111122 184/(192119)/1020() /4014200 /101.247110 1100%1.247/20 100%6.24%RyynyynSnSCVy22222222222222226 15 11/(16 2119)/1020() /4104 200 /103.399110 1100%3.399/20 100% 16.99%RyynyynSnSCVy.9P47/710株小麥的分蘗數為：3，6，2，5，3，3，4，3，4，3。 n=10，y3=2，y7=4，y2-1=y1=3，y21=61=5P47/802222(363)/1036/103.6(

4、)(33.6)(63.6)(33.6)033624() /14236 /101.381.17110 1dyyyMMRyynSSn.10P72/2(28)0.7(19)0.9(24)68 (24)(68)0.30.30.682(24)37 0.210852()(3)0.2105pypypyypypypyypp或()與()奇數被 整除.11P72/3 在回交后代200株中，雜合體非糯稻與純合體糯稻出現的概率各為1/2，即雜合體非糯稻與純合體糯稻各有100株。 F1自交得F2代的分離作3:1遺傳比率，即非糯稻為0.75，糯稻為0.25，這一分布屬離散型隨機變數的概率分布二項式分布二項式分布。WxWx

5、wxwxWxwxwxwxWxwxwxwx121220.750.75 0.250.1875ppq .12P72/4非糯稻：Np=20000.75=1500；糯稻：Nq=20000.25=500受害株數概率函數P(y)P(0)0.00100.00100.40P(1)0.01460.01565.84P(2)0.08790.103535.16P(3)0.26370.3672105.48P(4)0.39550.7627158.20P(5)0.23731.000094.92調查單位為5株的概率分布表(p=0.75，q=0.25，n=400)400.00( )( )( )yyn ynC p qp yF yn

6、p y0055114522353325441555050.750.250.750.250.750.250.750.250.750.250.750.25CCCCCC.13樣本平均數(成數)的抽樣分布:樣本總和數(次數)的抽樣分布: 20.75/0.75 0.25/50.0375ppppq n25 0.753.755 0.75 0.250.9375npnpnpnpq .14P73/6(1.17)1(1.17)1 0.87900.1210(1.17)0.8790(1.17)0.1210(0.421.61)(1.61)(0.42)0.94630.66280.2835( 1.610.42)(0.42)(

7、1.61)0.33720.05370.2835p up up up upup up upup up u .1511( 1.610.42)(0.42)(1.61)0.66280.05370.6091(1.05)1 (1.05)(1.05)1 (0.8531 0.1469)0.2938(1.05)2(1.05)2 0.14690.2938(1.05)0.8531 0.14690.7062()0.051pup up up up up up up up up uuu 11.9599641.96()0.0251.9599641.96p uuu.16P73/7 N(16，4)112112(1020)( 3

8、2)0.97730.00140.9759(12)(2)0.0228(20)1(2)10.97720.0228()0.500.6745160.674514.6517.352()0.951.96161.9612.0819.922pypup yp up yp up uuuyyyp uuuyyy=-=-= -=-=-=-=-=.17P73/8 N=5，n=2222222525(12345)/53() /5515 /52.052.01.414nNyyNNmsss=+=-=邋.18次數（）1.011.522.032.543.053.544.034.525.0152個樣本平均數分布的次數分布表個樣本平均數分

9、布的次數分布表y.19 52個樣本平均數分布的次數分布圖個樣本平均數分布的次數分布圖.20 平均數分布的方柱形圖作正態分布。由25個平均數構成的新總體平均數與方差:222222/75/253() /25075 /251.0253/2/21.0yyyyf yff yf yffnmsmmss=-=邋邋.21P73/9 22222/ppn pn pppqpnpq nnnpnnpq.22P73/10 結果為：0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，02222/(010)/100.5()(00.5)(10.5)(00.5)0.5100.5/0.50.5/40.2540.52.040.50.51.0ppnpn

10、py nyNpq nnnpqmmsmmsmms=+=-+-+-=創=.23P97/40.01120.0512153.752.58161402.58130.325149.6753.75130.325149.675151.501.961001001.9697.06102.941.5097.06102.94yyunyyyyyunyyyyy 或或.24P97/5否定無效假設，接受備擇假設。否定無效假設，接受備擇假設。02222220.01,9:2.50:2.50(2.38 2.382.41)/1023.90/102.39() /2.382.382.4123.9 /100.068110 10.0680.

11、02102.39 2.505.513.2500.02AyHHyyynSnSSntt.25P97/6 否定否定H0接受接受H01201212121212212120.05,(5)0.05,(5):5437.605.276.504.596.504.592.218(4 1)(3 1)2.2182.2187.605.271.142.04431.142.015()2.571()AeyyHHnnyySSSSSSSSSSttt 一尾概率二尾概率.26P97/7 接受接受H01222112212012120.052461580813:0:01.9624803.746815 130.5343.74Ayynyny

12、HHuu .27P97/8 接受接受H0121222111222012120.05(15)222112212111263040112245:4:42.1315 40 10 4543.335 1043.3343.333.34611()()(3022)41.203.34AeyyyynySnySHHtSSSSyytS .28P97/9 0.050.05212(29.8, 2.25)101.961.64()2.250.47431029.81.9628.8730.730.474328.8730.7329.81.6430.5830.580.4743yNnuunyyyyyyyy 一尾或.290.050.05

13、212(29.8, 2.25)1001.961.64()2.250.1510029.81.9629.5130.090.1529.5130.0929.81.6430.0530.050.15yNnuunyyyyyyyy 一尾或.3000.052:29.8:29.81.64()2.252030.10.33542030.1 29.80.890.335430.1 29.81.962.25/96/AyyHnHunyuyyuSnn 一尾接受接受H0.31P97/10 00.05(9)2220:0:02.262(325)/1031/103.1() /16931 /100.90(1)10 (10 1)3.13.

14、4440.90dAddHHtdddnSn ntH 否定去 雄28303135303430283432未去雄25282929312528273227d3226-192125.32否定否定H010.0520.053.1 2.262 0.901.13.12.262 0.905.1ddLdtSLdtS12012120.05(18)221122222112212:0:02.10131.26.1828.15.219 6.189 5.215.695991131.228.15.695 ()1.0672.90510101.067AeyyHHtySySSSSSt 去 雄28303135303430283432未去

15、雄25282929312528273227.33 成組數據成組數據(t=2.905)成對數據成對數據(t=3.444)，即成組數據容易犯第二類錯誤第二類錯誤。121210.051220.0512()(31.228.1)2.101 1.0670.9()(31.228.1)2.101 1.0675.3yyyyLyytSLyytS10.0520.053.1 2.262 0.901.13.12.262 0.905.1ddLdtSLdtS.34P97/11 12012120.0512:0:01.9642/2000.2127/1500.1842270.19711 0.19710.8029200 15011

16、0.1971 0.80290.0432001500.21 0.180.6980.043AppHppHppupppqSu 接受接受H0.35令令屬真實差異屬真實差異12nnn0.21 0.180.031212120.21 0.181.961111()0.1971 0.8029ppppppuSp qnnnn121350nnn.36P127/5 4組數據編 號Ti ni 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 組1 8 10 1 6 4 7 8 2 46 5.75 8 組2 9 2 11 5.50 2 組3 6 5 0 7 3 7 28 4.67 6 組4 16 8 6 11 41 10.25 4iy126

17、6.320iTyn.37組1組2組3組42222222122222111222222222232222233324222222444126793.82081011793.8270.20810246 /869.59211 /224.565728 /637.3316861141 /4iTeeeeTCnSSyCySSynySSynySSynySSsyn56.7569.5024.5037.33 56.75188.08eSS.38兩種計算方法結果完全相同。與總變異平方和完全相同。2222222222()8 (5.756.3)2 (5.56.3)6 (4.676.3)4 (10.256.3)82.1246

18、112841793.882.128264tiiitiSSn yyTSSCn 82.12188.08270.20teTSSSSSS.39種植密度(株、667)千 粒 重 123420002472582562511012253400023824424623696424160002142272212188802208000210204200210824206測定4種密度下金皇后玉米的千粒重結果P128/6 iyiT3680230Ty.402222222222214 4 11514 13(1)4 (4 1)123680846400162472582105608101296488082453044560

19、85304304TteTiteTtDFnkDFkDFk nTCnkSSyCCTSSCCnSSSSSS .41方 差 分 析 表25.332.524eMSSEn變異來源DF SS MS F F0.05 F0.01 處 理 間35304176869.79* 3.495.95誤 差1230425.33 總 變 異155608 .42多重比較時的LSRa值計算 種植密度的差異顯著性(SSR測驗)結論結論：金皇后玉米的千粒重在不同的密度下有極顯著的差異，種植密度愈高千粒重愈低。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.084.327.7610.8933.234.558.1411.

20、4743.334.688.3911.79 處 理 平均千粒重 差異顯著性 5% 1% 2000 253 a A 4000 241 b B 6000 220 c C 8000 206 d D .43P128/7 3個稻田的農藥殘留量iyT=27.01213 3 2 11713 12(1)3 (3 1)6(1)3 3 (2 1)9TteeDFlmnDFlDFl mDFlm n 稻 田123水 樣123123123殘留量1.11.31.21.31.31.41.82.12.21.21.11.01.41.51.22.02.01.9水樣Tij2.32.42.22.72.82.63.84.14.1稻田Ti6

21、.98.112.0稻田平均1.151.352.00.44222222222222222122227.040.5181.11.31.940.543.0840.52.586.98.112.040.5642.8740.52.372.32.44.142.87242.9242.870.0543.0842TitijieijeTClmnSSyCTSSCmnTTSSnmnTSSyn.920.16.45方差分析表變異來源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01稻 田 間22.371.19148.7*5.1410.92水 樣 間60.050.0081水 樣 內90.160.018總 變 異172.5810.0080.0

22、3656eMSSEmn.46多重比較時的LSRa值計算 種植密度的差異顯著性(SSR測驗)結論結論：水樣間無顯著差異；稻田間有極顯著的差異，稻田3農藥污染最重，稻田2次之，稻田1最輕。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.465.240.12630.191333.585.510.13070.2011處 理 平均殘留量 差異顯著性 5% 1% 稻 田 3 2.00 a A 稻 田 2 1.35 b B 稻 田 1 1.15 c C .47P128/8 5個水稻品種干物質的干物質積累量525517.4lmnT密度 樣點千 粒 重TijTi甲17.88.99.211.41

23、0.547.899.29.92212.110.68.79.910.151.4乙37.48.88.97.89.842.776.47.6446.26.65.37.58.133.7丙512.610.211.411.812.158.1126.1 12.61615.215.112.312.512.968.0丁75.84.76.67.47.932.468.86.8886.46.88.17.27.936.4戊913.815.113.412.616.671.5146.9 14.691011.717.215.615.115.871.4iy.48122222222222215 2 5 14915 14(1)5 (

24、2 1)5(1)5 2 (5 1)40517.45354.0552507.88.915.85880.62 5354.0552526.564899.276.4126.168.81TteeTitDFlmnDFlDFl mDFlm nTClmnSSyCCTSSCmn 222222122246.9105789.1860 5354.0552435.130847.851.475.45789.186055811.5040 5789.186022.31805880.62 5811.50469.1160ijieijeCTTSSnmnTSSyn.49方差分析表14.46360.668110eMSSEmn變異來源D

25、FSSMSFF0.05F0.01品 種 間4435.1308 108.782724.37*5.1911.39樣 點 間522.31804.46362.58*2.453.51樣 點 內4069.11601.7279總 變 異49526.5648.50多重比較時的LSRa值計算 5個水稻品種干物質的差異顯著性(SSR測驗)結論：結論：5個水稻品種間有極顯著的差異。其中，戊與丙、甲與乙、乙與丁間無顯著差異；戊與甲、乙、丁間達極顯著水平。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123453.643.743.793.835.705.966.116.182.432.502.532.563

26、.813.984.084.13處 理 平均干物質量差異顯著性 5% 1% 戊丙甲乙丁14.6912.619.927.646.88a a b bc c A AB BC C C.51P128/9 5個小麥品種的黑穗病率（%）反正弦轉換2214 5 11914 13357.3(1)4 (5 1)166383.1620TteDFnkDFkTDFk nCnk ABCDABCD0.84.09.86.05.1311.5418.2414.183.81.956.279.811.247.9248.5663.290.00.766.07.00.004.8054.3315.346.03.510.384.614.18 1

27、0.7818.7266.891.73.29.22.87.4910.3017.669.63Ti12.3 13.3 151.5 180.238.04 45.34 157.51 169.33T=357.3T=410.22.52方差分析表方差分析表結論結論：品種間差異不顯著。2222222220.84.02.86383.16 15132.65/(12.313.3151.5180.2 )/5 6383.16 4767.3315132.65 4767.33 10365.32TtieTtSSyCSSTn CSSSSSS變異來源DFSSMSFF0.05品 種 間34767.331589.112.45 3.24

28、誤 差1610365.32647.83總 變 異1915132.65.53方差分析表方差分析表結論結論：數據轉換后,品種間差異顯著。說明轉換后各品種的均方得到改進，從而提高了測驗的靈敏度。22222222222/410.22 /208414.025.1311.549.638414.027750.90/(38.0445.34157.51169.33 )/5 8414.022982.947750.90 2982.944767.96TtieTtCTnkSSyCSSTn CSSSSSS變異來源DFSSMSFF0.05品 種 間32982.94994.313.34*3.24誤 差164767.96298

29、.00總 變 異197750.09.54P143/1接受接受H0：差異不顯著：差異不顯著0220.975(9)0.025(9)22:3.6:3.60.052.7019.02(10 1)4.511.253.60.05AHHxxsxp.55P143/26個方差同質性測驗的計算 133.644134.563.515714.0628214.27457.082.658210.6328316.94467.762.829711.318841.2845.120.24690.987652.56410.240.94003.760062.0448.160.71292.8516 24282.9210.903443.6

30、1362222lnlniiiiiiiiSSSS.562222220126126220.975(5)0.025(5)2222:,0.8312.83282.9211.788324ln24 ln11.788359.21061111111.09723(6 1) 444241(59.210643.6136)14.21521.0972AiipiipcHHxxSSSCxp 不全等0.05否定否定H0：差異顯著：差異顯著.57P143/3測驗下表各樣本觀察次數是否適合各相應的理論比率222222*22222232/3134 3 362/(3 170)1.129432/3240 3 1202/(3 360)12

31、.89261 /76 561 /1322.7348158/15240 15 138/(15 253)0.3607ccccxAanxAanxA anxAan 樣本號理論比率觀察次數A an3:13:11:115:113424076240 36 120 56 13170360132253.58P144/4接受接受H0：差異不顯著：差異不顯著02220.05(2)22222:9:3:4:9:3:4348 115 1576205.993481151576200.04089/16 6203/16 6204/16 6200.05AiiHFHFnxaxnmnp分離符合的比率分離不符合的比率.59P144/5

32、200個稻穗粒數分布與正態分布的適合性測驗個稻穗粒數分布與正態分布的適合性測驗220.05(9)20054.8510.081.954716.92nySxx每每 穗穗 粒粒 數數次數次數(O)理論次數理論次數(E)組限組限(y)組中點組中點25.530.5281-24.35-2.420.00781.560.201030.535.5333-19.35-1.920.01963.920.215935.540.53810-15.35-1.420.050410.080.000640.545.54321-9.35-0.930.098419.680.087245.550.54832-4.35-0.430.15

33、7431.480.008650.555.553410.650.060.190338.060.227155.560.558385.650.560.188437.680.002760.565.5632510.651.060.143128.620.457965.570.5681615.651.550.084016.800.038170.575.573820.652.050.04048.080.000875.580.578325.652.540.01472.940.001280.585.583230.653.040.00551.110.7136yyyySp2x.60P144/6接受接受H0：差異不顯著：差異不顯著02220.05(3)22222123422