1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上動(dòng)詞不定式歸納定義：不定式的to和介詞to需要被區(qū)分開，不定式的to后接動(dòng)詞原形，介詞to后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。不定式作動(dòng)詞賓語He decided to invite all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach. 不定式作賓語He promised not to tell anyone about it. 如果賓語有自己的補(bǔ)語，則常用it作形式賓語，而把真正作賓語的不定式放在后面放在后面，常帶有形式賓語的動(dòng)詞有：believe. Consider. Feel. Find. Know. Make

2、. regard例： we think it important to obey the laws. we think to obey the laws is important. ×I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.不定式作介詞賓語當(dāng)介詞but、except、besides前面有行為動(dòng)詞do及其各種形式時(shí)，介詞后面的不定式可以省略to，否則不省略。What do you like to do besides play football？ We have no choice but to wait.個(gè)別介

3、詞可以用“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語The boy has him own idea of how to finish it.不定式起形容詞作用作定語不定式作定語用來修飾名詞或代詞，置于它所修飾的詞后，而且放在其他后置定語的后面。同時(shí)與它所修飾的名詞或代詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或主謂關(guān)系。He always has a lot of meetings to attend. 不定式to attend 和名詞meetings 形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系The next train to arrive was from Seattle. To arrive 和train形成主謂關(guān)系Do you have anythin

4、g interesting to read?如果作定語用的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，就要加上介詞，使被修飾的這個(gè)詞成為這個(gè)介詞的邏輯賓語。He is looking for a room to live in. to live in a room. A room 是介詞in的賓語。Please pass me some paper to write on.上述不定式后加介詞時(shí)，一般不能省略介詞，但當(dāng)修飾place，time，way時(shí)，介詞可以省略。He has no money and no place to live (in). The time to arrive is 8 oclock. (a

5、t)I think the best way to travel is on foot.不定式作定語時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義的情形一、在某些固定句型中, 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語, 用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。1）have（give, show）sth. to do在這種句型中的不定式與前邊的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 與I是主謂關(guān)系。否則, 在表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí), 仍需要被動(dòng)式。試比較:Have you anything to do this af

6、ternoon? 今天下午你有事要做嗎?（to do是由you發(fā)出的）Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要帶給你父母的東西嗎? （誰帶不得而知）再如:Please get me something to read. 請給我弄點(diǎn)讀的材料。He'll show you the right path to take. 2）It（This, That）beaanadj. n. to do在這種句型中, 不定式與前面的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞不定式可改為動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: This is a difficult question

7、 to answer. 這是個(gè)難答的問題。question與to answer為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。to answer可改為 for me to answer。再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 這個(gè)句子很容易翻譯。3）There be n. to do在此句型中, 用來修飾主語的不定式, 可用主動(dòng)式, 也可用被動(dòng)式, 只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。用主動(dòng)式作定語, 重點(diǎn)在人, 用被動(dòng)式作定語, 重點(diǎn)在物。例如:沒有時(shí)間可以耽誤?？勺g成:There is no time to lose（to be lost）. 用 to lose可看成for us to lose; 用t

8、o be lost, 誰 lost time不明確。但下述兩句用主動(dòng)不定式與被動(dòng)不定式意義不同:a. There is nothing to do now. （We have nothing to do now. ）現(xiàn)在沒事干。b. There is nothing to be done. （We can do nothing now. ）現(xiàn)在沒辦法了。a. There is nothing to see. （nothing worth seeing）沒有東西值得看。b. There is nothing to be seen. （nothing there at all）看不見什么東西。二、

9、在某些“形容詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)中, 不定式有被動(dòng)意義, 與句子主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其句型有:1）n. beadj. to doThe question was very difficult to answer. 這問題很難回答。 The job is very easy to do. 這工作很容易做。2）n. betooadj. to doThe thing is too small to see. 這東西太小看不見。 I was too excited to say a word. 我激動(dòng)得連一句話也說不出。3）n. be adj. enough to doThe box is light en

10、ough to carry. 這盒子輕得可帶走。 The book is cheap enough to buy. 這本書很便宜可以買。但下列兩句可用不定式的主動(dòng)式, 也可用被動(dòng)式:This plant is fit to eat to be eaten. 這種植物可以食用。 The cake is ready to eat to be eaten. 這塊餅可以吃了。三、某些動(dòng)詞, 如to let, to blame （責(zé)備）, to seek（尋找）用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。例如: The house is to let. 這房子要出租。 Who is to blame for it? The r

11、eason is not far to seek. 這理由不難找到。不定式的省略不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式在某些感官動(dòng)詞，如 feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe等， 以及使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make等后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要省去to，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，不省略。They made the workers work day and night. The workers were made to work day and night.The PLA men noticed the spy steal some

12、papers. Let me hear you play the piano.在下列句型中Had better/had best + (not) do sth Youd better/best turn the bottle upside down to empty out the oilHad/would rather + (not) do sth Im tired, Id rather not go out this evening. Had/would rather/sooner + do sth. + than + do sth. 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事Id rather stay a

13、t home tonight than go to the cinema.Prefer + to do sth + rather than + do sth She prefers to travel rather than attend the wedding.Cannot but + do sth. Or cannot choose/help but + do sthI cant but think so. I cant help but laugh on hearing his joke. Do nothing (= not do anything) but/except + do st

14、hYou can do nothing but wait = you cannot do anything but wait.在系動(dòng)詞be后作表語當(dāng)不定式在系動(dòng)詞be后作表語時(shí)，如果主語部分帶有行為動(dòng)詞do，不定式就可省略to。The only thing I can do is lie in bed. What I want to do is have a good rest.疑問詞why引導(dǎo)的省略 Why not do sth? / why do sth? Why not? 不定式省略動(dòng)詞原形如果一個(gè)動(dòng)詞在前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過，為了避免重復(fù)，這個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以省略Did you get the new

15、 stamps? No, I tried to, but there wasnt any left in that post office.不定式的否定形式Not/never + 不定式 my father told me never to see her again. The door was not to open until 10 am.不定式時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài)主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式一般式To doTo be done進(jìn)行式To be doing-完成式To have doneTo have been done完成進(jìn)行式To have been doing-一般式表示動(dòng)作通常與主要謂語所表示的動(dòng)

16、作或狀態(tài)幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。I am glad to see you.進(jìn)行式表示的動(dòng)作是與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。Some dogs were found to be looking for food around. 一些狗被發(fā)現(xiàn)正在四處尋找食物。完成式表示發(fā)生在主要?jiǎng)幼髦暗膭?dòng)作，也可表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或計(jì)劃等。1. 發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)前，常接不定式完成式的動(dòng)詞有appear, seem, happen, be said, be reported, be believed, be known, be thought, be sorry, be likely等.Th

17、ey seemed to have known each other for a long time. She is said to have learned four foreign languages.2. 表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或計(jì)劃Hope/promised/wanted/wished/expected/planned + to + have + 過去分詞He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time. 沒接成。We planned to have done good deeds for

18、the poor people last month. 沒做成。Should/would like 后表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望I should/would like to have given her the gift. 沒送成。 He would like to have played the violin at the concert. 沒演奏成。完成進(jìn)行式表示在謂語動(dòng)作前已經(jīng)開始進(jìn)行的行為，到謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)可能停止，也可能持續(xù)下去。Tom appeared to have been sleeping. Tom好像一直在睡覺。 Mark seemed to have been watching

19、TV. 一直在看電視一般式被動(dòng)通常表示將來的動(dòng)作 Its an honour for me to be invited to attend the meeting.完成式被動(dòng)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前 The room seems to have been cleaned already.練習(xí): 選擇填空。1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on2. I'm hungry. Get me somet

20、hing _. a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating3. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written4. I have no more letters _, thank you. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed5. The car is rather difficult _. a. to repair b. to be repaired c. rep

21、airing d. being repaired6. He was nowhere _. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen7. She had no money _ a birthday present for their children. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying8. We waited for the work _. a. done b. being done c. to do d. to be done1.He seems _ the old lady. A. knowing B. to be knowing C. to know D. to be known2.Tom _ when they spoke ill of him.A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened