1、 . Modes of transport運輸方式 . Shipping documents運輸單據 . Clause of shipment裝運條款. Modes of the transport1. n1.1 Advantages and disadvantages優缺點優缺點n1.2 Major type of cargo vessels 貨船主要貨船主要類型類型n1.3 Operational modes of ocean transport運營方式運營方式n1.4 charter party租船契約租船契約1. 1.1 Advantages and disadvantages nea

2、sy passage通行能力強nlarge capacity運量大nlow unit cost單位成本低ngood adaptability to goods適貨性強 nslownvulnerable to bad weather易受惡劣氣候影響nless punctualvulnerable to易受影響，易受侵害nThe bale is vulnerable to damage during loading and unloading.nItaly is particularly vulnerable to the financial and economic crisis, due to

3、 its high public debt.1.2. Major type of cargo vesselnGeneral (packed)cargo vessel普通貨船nOBO多用途船nRefrigerated ship冷藏船nTimer ship木材船nOil tanker油輪nContainer vessel貨柜船n Roll On /Roll Off vessel滾裝船nLASH載駁船（子母船）Timer ship木材船Roll On /Roll Off vessel滾裝船Roll On /Roll Off vessel滾裝船Container vessel貨柜船LASH載駁船（子母

4、船）1.3 Operational modes of ocean transport1.3.1 Liner transport 班輪運輸 1.3.2 Shipping by chartering or tramp 租船運輸1.3.1 Liner transport 班輪運輸班輪運輸nFeaturenfreight 1.3.1Liner transport 班輪運輸班輪運輸nFreight Consists of 2 Parts:（1）Basic freight 基本運費（2）Surcharges 附加費1.3.1 Liner transport 班輪運輸班輪運輸nStandards for C

5、alculating Basic Freight:nAccording to gross weight, i.e., weight ton (重量噸), - ”W”nAccording to volume, i.e., measurement ton (尺碼噸), - ”M”According to gross weight or volume, i.e., choosing the higher rate of the two, - “W/M”1.3.1Liner transport 班輪運輸班輪運輸nAccording to value of the cargo, i.e., a cert

6、ain percentage of FOB price, - ”A.V.” (Ad Valorem) 從價運費According to gross weight or volume or A.V. i.e., choosing the highest rate of the three, - “W/M or A.V.”1.3.1Liner transport 班輪運輸班輪運輸nAccording to gross weight or volume，and then plus a certain percentage of A.V. - “W/M plus A.V.”nAccording to

7、the number of the cargoAccording to the temporary agreement entered into between the ship-owner and the consignor (發貨人) 臨時議定價格Main Surcharges 附加費附加費nPort congestion surcharge 港口擁擠附加費nAlteration of destination surcharge變更卸貨港附加費nDeviation surcharge 繞航附加費nHeavy lift additional 超重附加費nOver-length additio

8、nal 超長附加費nHold and tank cleaning charge for liquid cargo液體貨物的洗艙費nBunker surcharge or bunker adjustment factor (BAF) 燃油附加稅1.3.2Shipping by Chartering or Tramp 租船運輸又稱不定期船運輸nA tramp is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route (航線) or schedule of sailings (船期表). nVoyage charter 定程租船nTime cha

9、rter 定期租船nDemise Charter or Bareboat Charter 光船租船1)Voyage Charter 定程租船定程租船nThe hire of ship for a particular trip.nSingle voyage charter 單航次租船nRound voyage charter 來回航次租船nConsecutive voyage charter 連續航次租船nVoyage charter on time basis航次期租船nContract of affreightment 包運合同freight of voyage charterMethod

10、s of Stipulating the Freight:計算運費計算運費的方式的方式Freight ton（運費噸）lump-sum包干運費 (整船包價)freight of voyage charternMethods to Pay the Freight:運費支付運費支付的方式的方式nFreight can be paid in advance - Freight Prepaid 運費預付Freight can be paid after the goods have arrived at the port of destination - Freight Collect 運費到付Met

11、hods of Bearing Loading and Unloading Expenses:裝卸費用負裝卸費用負擔擔nThe ship-owner bears gross terms (liner terms) 船方負責貨物裝卸及費用nThe ship-owner is free in 船方不負責裝貨和費用nThe ship-owner is free out 船方不負責卸貨和費用nThe ship-owner is free in and out 船方不負責裝卸貨和費用n(F.I.O.S.T.)freight of voyage charternDemurrage 滯滯期費期費nDispa

12、tch Money 速遣費速遣費freight of voyage charternDemurrage 滯滯期費期費During the time limit of loading and unloading, in case the charterer does not finish the work of loading and unloading , in order to compensate the ship-owner for his losses, the charterer should pay certain amount of fine (罰款) for the excee

13、ding time, this is so called demurrage.freight of voyage charternDispatch Money 速遣費速遣費During the time limit of loading and unloading, in case the charterer finishes the work of loading and unloading ahead of schedule, then the ship-owner shall pay certain amount of bonus (獎金) to the charterer, this

14、is so called dispatch money.2)Time Charter 定期租船定期租船nThe charterer (租船者) charters the ship for a period of time during which the ship is deployed (調度) and managed by the charterer.nCharterers expenses: loading, unloading, stowing, trimming, fuel expenses(燃料費), port expenses usw.nShipper-owners expens

15、es: wages and board expenses (膳食費用) of the crew (全體船員), seaworthiness expenses（船舶）適航 and the vessel insurance premium3)Demise Charter or Bareboat Charter 光船租船光船租船nThe ship-owner only provides the charterer with a bareboat, the charterer shall employ the crew by himself.1.3 Charter Party 租船契約或租船合同租船契

16、約或租船合同A written contract concluded between the ship-owner and the charterer when the latter charters the ship from the former.It stipulates the rights and obligations of the two parties, such as freight, time of chartering, loading and unloading expenses etc.conclude a contract訂立合同訂立合同nParty A and B

17、 have reached an agreement through friendly negotiation to conclude the following contract to define each others rights and obligations.n是指按照多式聯運合同，以至少兩種不同的運輸方式，由多式聯運經營人把貨物從一國境內接運貨物的地點運至另一國境內指定交付貨物的地點。Conditions:nIt includes two or more different modes of successive（連貫的） transportation;nThere shall

18、be a multi-modal transport contract;nmulti-modal transport document shall cover the whole journey;nThe multi-modal transport operator (MTO) shall be responsible for the whole journey;nThe whole journey shall use a single rate（單一費率）.3. Air Transport Advantages and disadvantagesTypes of Air Transport

19、Services Air freight3)Types of Air Transport ServicesFour categories: Scheduled airlines 班機運輸Chartered carriers 包機運輸Consolidated consignments by freight forwarders 集中托運Air express service / desk to desk service 航空速遞Useful expressionsnHeavy cargo重貨nLarge volume cargo 輕貨輕泡貨nActual weight實際重量nMeasureme

20、nt weight體積重量2)Types of Air Transport Services Scheduled airlines: operating on a scheduled service, over a fixed airline and between fixed airports, suitable for conveying fresh, emergent and seasonal goods. Chartered carriers: the hire of an aircraft by a shipper or several shippers to deliver car

21、goes, ideal for carrying cargoes of large quantities or carrying cargoes of different shippers to the same destination. Consolidated consignments: the air freight forwarder usually assembles a number of individual shipments into one consignment and dispatches them on one air waybill. A consolidated

22、shipment made up by several shipments can be dispatched to one common destination. Many shippers prefer this kind of shipment as the freight rate is 7%-10% lower than that of a scheduled airline. Air express service: the express service provided by air freight forwarders specializing in this line of

23、 business between consignors, airports and users, suitable for urgently needed articles and important documentsAirline freightntypes of airline rates: - General Cargo Rate (G.C.R.)一般貨物運價一般貨物運價 - Specific Cargo Rate (S.C.R.)特種貨物運價特種貨物運價 - Class Cargo Rate (C. C.R.) 等級貨物運價等級貨物運價nCharacteristics of air

24、line rates: - one-way freight from one airport to another - delivery charges, customs charges and storage charges excluded - publicized in local currency - measurement unit is kilo or pound4.containerization: Advantages Classification of containersClassification of containersnGeneral cargo container

25、普通集裝箱nClosed ventilated container封閉式通風集裝箱nOpen top container開頂集裝箱nPlatform container平臺集裝箱nThermal container保溫集裝箱nTank container罐式集裝箱nDry bulk container干散貨集裝箱 Container Transport Containerization offers: FCL/FCL（整箱交整箱接） FCL/LCL（整箱交拆箱接） LCL/LCL（拼箱交拆箱接） LCL/FCL （拼箱交整箱接） 30n航空運單不是物權憑證。n運輸契約是船東和租船人訂立的合同。

26、n租船運輸分為定程租船和定期租船。n定期租船合同中不需要規定滯期費和速遣費。n班輪運輸中裝卸費用包含在運費內。n我們保證將在收到信用證后30天內裝運。nIndicate that the goods have been loaded on board the vessel or have been delivered into the custody of the carrier.nBill of Lading (B/L) 海運提單 nAirway bills 航空運單 1.Multimodal transport documents, etc 多式聯運單據 1.Bill of Lading

27、(B/L)(1) Functions of B/L(2) Contents of B/L(3) Types of B/L(1) Functions of B/LA bill of lading is a shipping document that serves as: 1) a cargo receipt (貨物收據) 2) a document of title(物權憑證) 3) an evidence of the contract for carriage (運輸契約的證明)35 (2) 36 Particulars on the face of the B/L提提單正面內容單正面內容

28、 Clauses on the back of the B/L提單提單背面條款背面條款Particulars on the face of the B/LnInformation about B/L 關于提單本身的信息nParties to B/L提單所涉及當事人nTransport運輸事宜nDescription of commodities shipped貨物描述Information about B/LnB/L Number提單編碼nNumber of original Bs/L正本提單份數nPlace and date of issue提單簽發時間地點Parties to B/L提單當

29、事人nShipper托運人nConsignee收貨人nCarrier承運人nNotify party被通知人Transport運輸事宜nName of vessel船名nVoyage number航次nPort of loading/discharge裝貨港卸貨港nFreight運費Description of commodities shippednDescription of goodsnNumber of packages包裝件數nGross weight 毛重nMeasurement體積Clauses on the back of the B/LnResponsibilities of

30、 the carrier承運人責任nExceptions例外條款nClaim clauses索賠條款nDuty and obligation of the consignor發貨人的責任和義務nTransportation clauses for special goods特殊貨物運輸條款nOther clauses其他條款nMake an exception 破例 Could you make an exception and accept D/P?nFile/raise/make/lodge a claim against sb.向提出索賠We have made a claim agai

31、nst the shipping company(3) nShipped on Board B/L and Received for Shipment B/L已裝船提單已裝船提單和備運提單和備運提單nClean B/L and Unclean B/L清潔提單和不清潔提單清潔提單和不清潔提單nStraight B/L, Order B/L and Bearer B/L記名提單、指示提單和不記名提單、指示提單和不記名提單記名提單nDirect B/L, Transshipment B/L and Through B/L直達提單、直達提單、轉船提單和聯運提單轉船提單和聯運提單nLong Form B

32、/L and Short Form B/L全式提單和簡式提單全式提單和簡式提單nLiner B/L and Charter Party B/L班輪提單和租船提單班輪提單和租船提單nFreight prepaid B/L and Freight collect B/L運費預付提單和運費到付提單nOther types of B/L(3) nShipped (on Board )B/L and Received for Shipment B/L “已裝船提單已裝船提單“和和 備運備運提單提單 nA shipped on Board B/L is issued when the goods have

33、 been loaded on board a certain vessel.nA received for shipment B/L is issued when the goods have been received for shipment but have not yet been actually loaded on a particular ship.(3) nAs per whether the B/L bears unclean notation （批注）Clean B/L and Unclean B/L “清潔提單清潔提單”和和“不清潔提單不清潔提單”。n A clean

34、B/L shows that the goods have been shipped on board a vessel in apparent good order and condition.- “shipped in apparent good order and condition”nUnclean B/L generally marked: “insufficiently packed”, “carton old and stained”, “packed in damaged condition”, “missing safety seal”, “one carton short”

35、, “iron strap loose” etc.Attention:nThe bank only accepts clean on board B/L for negotiation.銀行議付只接受清潔已裝船提單nDocuments required:要求單據 1.Full set of clean on board ocean Bs/L 38As per how the goods are consignedvStraight B/L記名提單記名提單vBearer/Blank/Open B/L 不記名提單不記名提單vOrder B/L指示提單指示提單 (widely used) 提單抬頭提

36、單抬頭 是否背書是否背書 能否轉讓能否轉讓 Straight B/L No endorsementNon-negotiable Blank B/L No endorsement Transferable Order B/Lendorsement Transferable after endorsement. ComparisonsnFULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD B/L ISSUED IN THE NAME OF A COMPANY.nFULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD B/LCONSIGNED TO A COMPANY.nFULL SET OF CLE

37、AN ON BOARD B/LMADE OUT TO ORDER OF SHIPPERnFULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD B/LISSUED TO ORDER(3) nDirect B/L, Transshipment B/L and Through B/L “直達提單直達提單”,“轉船提單轉船提單”和和 “聯運提單聯運提單”nA direct B/L is evidence that the goods are transported from the port of loading directly to the port of destination without

38、transshipment during transit.nA transshipment B/L is issued when there is no direct service between the port of loading and port of destination, This kind of Bill usually bears such a clause “Transshipment to be made at “with transshipment” Difference between M.T.D. and nModes of transport are diffe

39、rentnThe issuers are differentnResponsibilities of the issuers are differentnA through B/L is a shipped, on board B/L, while an M.T.D. may be a shipped on board B/L, but in most cases, it is a received for shipment document.As per the contents of the B/LnLong form B/L全式提單nShort form B/L簡式提單As per th

40、e effect of B/LnOriginal B/L正本提單nCopy B/L副本提單nFull set of clean on board Ocean Bills of Lading, made out to order and blank endorsed, notifying _COSCO_ at the port of destination, and marked “freight prepaid”. nFull set of clean on board B/L issued to our order, notifying applicant and marked freigh

41、t prepaid . nFull set clean on board ocean bill of lading issued to order , blank endorsed marked freight prepaid notify party as abc company and showing invoice value , unit price, trade terms, contract number and L/C number.2.Air WaybillnReceipt of goodsnAn evidence of contract of carriagenNot a d

42、ocument of title42Original for the shipperOriginal for the carrierOriginal for the consignee3.Air WaybillnReceipt of goodsnAn evidence of contract of carriagenNot a document of titlenCustoms declarationnBill for the freightnCertificate of insurance42Original for the shipperOriginal for the issuing c

43、arrierOriginal for the consignee.Clause of shipmentnTime of shipment裝運期nPort of shipment and port of destination裝運港和目的港nShipping advice裝運通知nPartial shipment & transshipment分批裝運和轉運Ways of Stipulating the Time of Shipment :ndefinite time of Shipment 明確規定具體的裝運期限nlatest time規定裝運的最遲期限規定裝運的最遲期限nShipme

44、nt at or before the end of June, 2015nShipment on or before Sept. 15, 2015nShipment not later than July 31, 2015nperiod of time規定在一段時間內裝運規定在一段時間內裝運nShipment during May 2015Shipment during Oct./Nov. 2015Ways of Stipulating the Time of Shipmentnwithout a fixed time不明確規定裝運不明確規定裝運期期nShipment within 15 d

45、ays after receipt of remittancenShipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C (the relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than )receiptn收據 cargo receiptn收到1) on/upon (the) receipt of “一收到立刻 We will effect shipment on receipt of L/C2) in receipt of收到了We are in receipt of your document.3) after r

46、eceipt of 收到后Shipment should be made within 30 days after receipt of L/CWays of Stipulating the Time of ShipmentnShipped in the near future籠統規籠統規定近期裝運定近期裝運nImmediate shipmentnShipment as soon as possiblenPrompt shipmentnThe port of shipment is usually chosen and determined by the seller.nThe port of

47、 destination or the place of destination is usually chosen and determined by the buyer.Ways of Stipulating the nOne definite port明確規定一個裝運港、目的港Port of shipment: Dalian; Port of destination: LondonShipment from Dalian to LondonnTwo or more規定兩個或以上裝運港/目的港Port of shipment: Xingang/ShanghainOptional ports

48、選擇港CIF London, optional Hamburg/RotterdamPort of shipment: Chinese Main Ports3.Shipping AdvicenWe hereby advise you that the goods under your order NO.4589 has been shipped on direct steamer “Rongchang from . to . on (date). The details are as follows:n1. Name of goods:n2. Quantity of goods:n3. Valu

49、e of goods:n4. Date of shipment:n5. Name of the carrying vessel:n6. B/L No.:n7. Measurement:3.Shipping AdvicenWe hereby inform you that the goods under the above mentioned credit have been shipped. The details of shipment are stated below:n1. commodity:n2. number of bales:n3. total G.W.:n4. Date of

50、departure:n5. ocean vessel:n6. B/L No.:n7. destination:（1）Partial shipments are allowed, the time, the number of unit, the quantity are undecided 只規定允許分批裝運只規定允許分批裝運Partial shipments are allowed（2）Partial shipments are allowed, the quantity are not decided 規定分若干批裝運，但每批數量不限定規定分若干批裝運，但每批數量不限定Shipments

51、in November and December in two lots（3）Partial shipments are allowed, the time, the number of unit, the quantity are decided 定期定量裝運定期定量裝運Shipment during March/April/May in three equal monthly lots6000M/T shipment to be effected in three equal lots at an interval of 20 daysTransshipmentWays of stipul

52、ating transshipmentnto be transshipped at_ _nPort of destination: Rotterdam W/T _ _nfrom shanghai to Rotterdam via _ _ W/T: with transshipment atClause of shipmentnShipment during Oct. / Nov. /Dec. 2007, with partial shipments and transshipment allowed.nShipment during Jan. /Feb. 2007 in two equal m

53、onthly lots,with transshipment allowedClause of shipmentShipment: From Shanghai to Sydney on or before May 31, 2007. Partial shipments and transshipment are prohibited.Shipment: From China port to Manchester in Sept. 2007. Partial shipments and transshipment are allowed.Terms of Shipment: Shipment t

54、o be effected from Guangzhou to Rotterdam during March/April/May 2007 in three equal monthly lots, with transhipment at Singapore only.Clause of shipmentnThe seller shall ship the goods within the time stipulated in this contract by a direct vessel sailing from the port of loading to China port. Tra

55、nsshipment on route is not allowed without the buyers prior consent.nWithin 24 hours immediately after completion of loading of goods on board the vessel the Seller shall advise the Buyer by cable or telex of the contract number, the name of goods, weight （net/gross）or quantity loaded, invoice value

56、, name of vessel, port of loading, sailing date and expected time of arrival （ETA） at the port of destination. Should the Buyer be unable to arrange insurance in time owing to the Sellers failure to give the above mentioned advice of shipment by cable or telex, the Seller shall be held responsible f

57、or any and all damages and/or losses attributable to such failure. Follow-up Practice1 Review and Discussion Questions 1) What are the major types of transportation in international cargo transport? 2) What are the features of liner transport?3) What are the main functions of B/L?4) What main points

58、 are included in the clause of shipment?48 2 Choose the right answer from each of the following.1) If items marked with “AD Val.”, the freight is to be calculated on the basis of _ of the cargo concerned. A. weight B. price or value C. measurement D. volume2) Freight under liner transportation _. A.

59、 needs to stipulate demurrage and dispatch money between the shipper and the carrier B. does not include loading and unloading cost C. consists of basic charges and surcharges D. is collected based on gross weight of the goods493) Airway bill is NOT_. A. a transport contract between the consignor and the carrier B. a document for customs dec