1、【專題十】特殊句式與交際用語【考情分析】特殊句式1對于感嘆句、祈使句、反意疑問句和否定句的考查主要從以下幾個方面進行：(1)感嘆句的考查要點是what與how引導的感嘆句作為賓語從句出現在試題中，其難點有兩方面：一是復數名詞或不可數名詞前面用what還是how；二是感嘆句的語序。(2)祈使句的主要考點是：根據句式特點判斷是祈使分句還是狀語成分；祈使句and/or結果分句。(3)反意疑問句主要考查主從復合句和并列句后面的反意疑問句。(4)否定句的考查主要是對于部分否定句的辨認。2對省略句的考查主要從以下幾個方面進行：(1)省略主語、主語和謂語、主語和謂語的一部分；(2)不定式符號to的省略；(3

2、)狀語從句中主語和謂語動詞部分的省略；(4)不定式中動詞的省略；(5)not，so，neither，nor的“替代性”省略。3對倒裝句的考查主要從以下幾個方面入手：(1)含有否定意味的詞置于句首時，部分倒裝；(2)only狀語位于句首時，部分倒裝；(3)so/such.that句型中，so/such位于句首時，so/such后的主句倒裝，that從句不倒裝。4對主謂一致的考查重點是：(1)主語as well as/together with名詞/代詞；(2)not only.but(also).，neither.nor.，either.or.連接兩個主語；(3)means，works等詞匯作主

3、語。5強調句型的考查重點是：（1）考查強調句式的基本結構（2）考查含有“notuntil”句型的強調句式（3）考查強調句式的疑問句（4）考查強調句式的正確判斷交際用語情景交際是高考必考內容，主要包括習慣應答類和語言結構類兩種交際用語。前者要求考生掌握一些常見的諸如打電話、問路、購物等交際話題的固定套語，以及表示感謝、道歉、請求等的應答用語。對于這類題目，考生要遵循英美人的語言習慣進行選擇。后者則要求考生依據對話情景和所掌握的正確的交際用語作出選擇。此類交際用語以習慣用法和變異句，如省略句居多，考生要注意積累和識記。【知識歸納】特殊句式考點一 倒裝句1全部倒裝在全部倒裝的句子中，要把整個謂語放在

4、主語的前面去而構成倒裝語序。(1)當there, here, then, now等副詞在句首，且謂語是come, go, be等動詞時，句子一般要全部倒裝。其意義在于引起他人的注意。如果這類句子的主語是代詞，則不用寫成倒裝句。如：Now, here goes the story.這個故事是這樣的。 Look, there comes the taxi.瞧，出租車過來了。Then came another question.然后又一個問題提出來了。(2)表示方向或位置的副詞或介詞短語放到句首，該句要用全部倒裝。如：High up into the sky went the kite.風箏高高地飛

5、向天空。2部分倒裝在部分倒裝的句子中，只把謂語的一部分(如情態動詞、助動詞、或是系動詞be)放到主語的前面去，構成倒裝語序。 (1)為了避免句子部分內容不必要的重復，常用“so be動詞(助動詞、情態動詞)主語”或“neither / nor be動詞(助動詞、情態動詞)主語”的倒裝句式。其中第一個句式表示“與前面所述的肯定情況相同”， 第二個句式表示“與前面所述的否定情況相同”。例如：His brother is a college student; so is mine.他弟弟是大學生，我弟弟也是。His brother is not a college student; nor is m

6、ine.他弟弟不是大學生，我弟弟也不是。(2)具有否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時(除否定詞修飾主語外)，句子一般要寫成部分倒裝句。這類詞或短語常見的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, by no means, under no conditionscircumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner. (than), hardly. (when), not only .(but also), not until.，等等。如：Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone

7、 knocking at the door.她還沒來得及坐下來，就聽見有人敲門。Not until twelve oclock did he go to bed last night.他昨晚直到十二點鐘才睡覺。(3)當so.that, such.that中的so.和such.放在句首時，句子一般要倒裝。如：So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.形勢如此地嚴峻，每個人都面臨著一場考驗。(4)only修飾的狀語放到句首，主句要形成部分倒裝。如：Only in this way can you come up with a

8、solution to the problem.只有這樣，你才有可能想出解決這個問題的辦法。 考點二 強調句一、強調句基本結構1、陳述句的強調句型：It is/ was + 被強調部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+ that/ who（當強調主語且主語指人）+ 其它部分。強調句可以強調除謂語以外的一切成分。下面我們針對I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子進行強調。強調主語：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 強調賓語：It was Li M

9、ing that I met at the railway station yesterday.強調地點狀語：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.強調時間狀語：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.2、一般疑問句的強調句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。e.g. Was it yesterday that he met my old friend?3、特殊疑問句的強調句型：被強調部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+ is/ w

10、as + it + that/ who + 其它部分？e.g. When was it that you were born?我們需要注意的是：第一、構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義；強調句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此，that, who不可省略。第二、It's .that/who.的強調句型只是為了強調某一成分，而不充當成分。所以它和It作形式主語，真正的主語從句后置的情況有所不同。 我們一起看下面兩個例句:1.It's necessary that we should le

11、arn english.(主語從句)2.It's not until he got off the bus that he realized his money was stolen.(強調句型) 解析：因為強調句型中的It's.that/who.在句子中不充當任何成分。所以去掉后句子依然完整。例子2去掉It's.that/who.后就成了     until he got 

12、;off the bus he realized his money was stolen. 而例子1去掉后句子則不完整。二、not until 句型的強調句1、句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其它部分e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his son came back.強調句：It was not until his son came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調句

13、型，till, until可通用；因為句型中It is/ was not 已經是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。三、謂語動詞的強調1、It is/ was that 結構不能強調謂語，如果需要強調謂語時，用助動詞do/ does或did。e.g. Do sit down. 務必請坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他確實給你寫了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時，務必（千萬）要小心啊！2、注意：此種強調只用do/ does和did ，沒有別的形式；過去時用did ，后面的謂語

14、動詞用原形。考點三 省略句1在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as, if，unless，as if，though，as等引導的狀語從句中，若謂語有be動詞，而主語又與主句主語相同或主語是it時，從句的主語和be動詞常被省略Unless(I am) invited，I wont go to the party.除非被邀請，否則我是不會去參加那個派對的。When (you are) working，you must pay attention.上班時，你必須全神貫注。Get up early tomorrow，if not (you dont get up ea

15、rly)，you will miss the first bus.明天早點起床，如果不的話，你會錯過早班車。2Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so與not分別等于肯定或否定，賓語從句可省去Do you think it will rain?“你認為會下雨嗎？”I hope not (that it will not rain)“我希望不下。”Do you believe our team will win?“你相信我們隊會贏嗎？”I guess so.“我猜會贏。”3不定式省略，單獨使用不定式符號to (1)用來代替動詞不定式

16、后被省略的動詞，常在be afraid，glad，happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后邊。 I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to. 我請他去看電影，但他不想去。 Will you join in the game?“你愿意加入做游戲嗎？” Id be glad to.“我很高興加入。”(2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。Are you a sa

17、ilor?“你是海員嗎？”No，but I used to be.“不，但我過去是。”4What if句式。這一結構用來表達“要是/即使怎么辦/怎么樣”What if this plan of yours fails?要是你的計劃失敗了怎么辦？考點四 主謂一致一、就近一致原則1由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最鄰近的主語在單復數上保持一致。Neither you nor I am fit for the work.你和我都不適合這份工作。Are neither you nor I fit for the

18、work?你和我都不適合這份工作嗎？【注意】“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名詞”置于主語后，謂語動詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復數上保持一致。Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss.損失的責任應由亨利而不是由簡和約翰來承擔。2由there，here引起的主語不止一個時，謂語通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。There is a pencil and two

19、pens in the pencilbox.文具盒內有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。二、意義一致原則 (一)謂語動詞用單數的情況 1由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那個工人兼作家來自武漢。 2“no/each/every/many a單數名詞andno/each/every/many a單數名詞”作主語。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個人都很有理由

20、為他們的父親所從事的職業感到驕傲。3非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。Persuading him to join us seems really hard.勸他加入我們看起來確實難。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一個好的習慣。Whatever was left was taken away.無論剩下了什么都被拿走了。【提醒】what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞一般用單數形式，若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復數形式，則謂語動詞用復數形式。What they need are books.他們需要的是書。(二)謂語動詞用復

21、數的情況1由and連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黃油都賣完了。2people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。People read for pleasure during their spare time.人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。交際用語考點一 感謝、道歉、祝愿和請求感謝、道歉、祝愿、請求等都有其固定的應答用語，這些應答用語通常是高考考查的熱點。對于這類題目，我們要緊緊遵循英語習慣進行作答。以下是常見的應答交際用語。1英語中常用于回答感謝的應答用語有：You are welcome.

22、/Dont mention it./It is my pleasure./Not at all./Thats all right.2常用于回答別人道歉的用語有：Never mind./It doesnt matter./Not at all./Thats all right.3常見的祝愿和祝賀用語有：Good luck！/Best wishes to you./Have a nice time./Wish you a success (pleasant) journey./Congratulations！/Merry Christmas！/Happy birthday to you!而常用的應

23、答用語有：Thank you./The same to you./You too.4接受請求或邀請的應答用語有：With pleasure./Im happy (glad) to./No problem./Good idea./Why not？拒絕請求或邀請的應答用語有：Sorry，but./Im afraid，but./Id rather you./Thank you，but.考點二 提供幫助和應答類交際用語1What can I do for you？/Can (Could) I help you (with the box)？/Would you like me to./Is there

24、 anything else I can do for you？/Do you want me to./Anything else I can do for you？/What else can I do for you？/Would you like some help？/Let me carry it for you，OK?2That is very kind.太謝謝了。3Thanks，that would be nice(fine)/Its very kind of you./Thank you for your help.注意：接受幫助時不能說“Yes，you can/may.”4No

25、，thanks (thank you)I can manage it myself./Thank you all the same./Its very kind of you，but I can manage it myself./Its all right.Thank you./No，its OK.Thank you.【注意】拒絕幫助時不能說“No，you cant.”，以免顯得十分無禮。考點三 勸告和建議類交際用語1Youd better (not).2Shall we./Why not.3What about/How about.4肯定回答常用Thats OK/all right；否定回

26、答常用No，thanks或Sorry。【考點例析】1.Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 【2012江西卷】Ahad sheBshe hadChas sheDshe has1.C考查部分倒裝。句首有關鍵詞Never，否定詞提前到句首，句子部分倒裝。排除B,D。再根據句子時態，應用現在完成時，故選C。2. -I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather. 【2012山東卷】 -_ I cant stand all this ra

27、in.A. I dont care B. Its hard to say C. So am I D. I hope not.2. C考查倒裝句的用法。句意：-我不了解你。我討厭這種天氣。-我也是。我無法忍受整天下雨。當表示后者與前者具有相同特征的時候，后者用倒裝的形式；肯定用so，否定用nor或neither構成。根據后面一句中的I cant stand all this rain可知，此處與上一句中的Im sick and tired of the weather表達同樣的感受，因此應該用So am I，表示“我也是”。故正確答案為C。3.Had they known what was co

28、ming next, they_second thoughts. 【2012浙江卷】A. may haveB. could haveC. must have had D. might have had3. D 考查虛擬語氣中的情態動詞。本句是一個倒裝句，可還原為：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根據had known提示，可知是與過去事實相反，因此虛擬語氣主句中應該用would/might +have done，由此可見答案D符合語境。4.There is little dou

29、bt in your mind that he is innocent, _?【2012江蘇卷】A. is thereB. isn't thereC. is heD. isn't he4.A 考查反義問句。根據前面there be 句里含有否定意義的詞little，所以反意疑問句用肯定形式，其主謂應與陳述部分的主謂保持一致，故選A項。5.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic_ Zheng sailed to East Africa【2012重慶卷】A. when B. that C. a

30、fter D. since5. B考查特殊句式強調句型。句子雖然比較長，但是其主干為強調句型，是對“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”進行了強調，由此可知，空白處應該填寫“that”。因此，正確答案為B選項。6.Not until he retired from teaching three years ago,_having a holiday abroad. 【2012遼寧卷】A. he had considered B. had he considered C. he considered D. did h

31、e consider6.D 考查特殊句式倒裝。Not until位于句首時句子要倒裝，consider having a holiday abroad這個動作發生在retire之后，所以用一般過去時。7.The basketball coach, as well as his team , _interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. 【2012陜西卷】A. were B. was C. is D. are7.B 考查動詞時態和主謂一致。句子兩個并列主語由as well as連接，所以主語中心詞是

32、the basketball coach，是單數，根據shortly after the match可以推斷出題干時態是一般過去時，故選B。8.-Have you paid? Whats my share of the bill? - _. It wasnt very much. 【2012江西卷】ADont worry about it BIts my shareCNone of your business.DIts up to you.8. A考查情景交際。句意為：”你付了錢嗎?我的那份賬單是多少?”,”不用擔心,這不是很貴的.”選項A:不用擔心。選項B：這是我的那份。C：不管你的事。D：

33、這取決于你。故正確答案為A。9.Look, here comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance._What if she refuses me? 【2012重慶卷】A.I dont know B. Why me? C. With pleasure D. So what?9.A 考查交際用語。分析語境可知，對于是否邀請對方跳舞拿不定主意，害怕對方拒絕。在四個選項中，A選項符合語境。因此，正確答案為A選項。10. Im terribly sorry to interrupt, but may I use your phone? Its rather ur

34、gent. Yes,_. 【2012遼寧卷】 A. with pleasure B. no burry C. it doesnt matter D. of course10.D 考查交際用語。由前面的Yes可知，第二個人同意對方用他的電話，所以用of course。學生可能會誤選為A，with pleasure意為“樂意幫忙”而這個題是說對方當然可以用他的電話，所以with pleasure在這兒不合題意。【方法技巧】1.考前應認真研讀高考題目，了解高考題目的立意方向和設問風格，做到知彼知己，百戰不殆。2.掌握幾種特殊句式的基本式及其變式，高考的考查方向一向以實用為主，故可能會在長句中考查。建

35、議大家從題型入手，仔細分析試題的內部結構，以不變應萬變。3. 建議大家盡力在寫作中靈活運用特殊句式來表達，對文章加以潤色，增加文章“閃光點”，增長作文“得分點”。4. 復習交際用語時，建議大家仔細分析試題的具體語境；判斷句子是感謝、建議、勸告、購物等類型，是正確作答的關鍵。【專題訓練】1Who are making so much noise in the garden?_the children.A. It isB. They are C. That is D. There are2. It is_he often fails in exams_makes his parents worri

36、ed about him.A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that D. / ; that3. What she says and does_nothing to do with me.A. was B. were C. has D. have4. There_a dictionary and several books on the desk.A. are B. must C. have been D. is5. No teacher and no student_.A. are admitted B. is admitted C. are admitting D. is admitting6_had the bell rung_the students took their seats.A. Hardly；when B. No sooner；when C. Hardly；than D. No sooner；then7_the baby fell asleep_the room.A. After；did the