1、學 案 裝 訂 線 英語語法 主謂一致自主學習導學案 【學習目標】1. 扎實掌握英語主謂一致各種類型的用法，提升自己的理解力。2. 自主學習，合作探究；學會分析與總結的方法，并能學以致用。3. 激情投入，瘋狂記憶，體驗學習的快樂。【使用說明及學法指導】1. 老師引領學生積極動腦思考，結合所學知識自主構建關于主謂一致的知識體系。2. 探究總結疑難點并學以致用。 3.完成時間40分鐘。【分層說明】A層全部掌握本學案內容B層掌握帶及內容C層掌握帶內容【主謂一致】一基本概念：所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動詞之間,即主語的人稱和單復數形式決定著謂語動詞對應的形式。1. Both Jack and Tim

2、_( be diving.2. Neither Jack nor Tim _( be walking.3. All of them _( be diving.4. None of them _(know how to teach English.5. His family _( be all music lovers. 6. The cattle _( be eating grass on the hill.二、主謂一致的基本用法：主謂一致的四大原則：1. 語法一致原則，即主語單復數形式與謂語要一致。2. 意義一致原則，即主語意義上的單復數要與謂語的單復數形式一致 。3. 就近原則，即謂語動詞

3、的單復形式取決于最靠近它的主語。4. 代詞的指代一致原則，代詞的指代一致是指句中的代詞應該在人稱、數、性等方面與所指的詞保持一致。主謂一致語法形式一致（一）謂語動詞一定用要用單數的主語情況： 1 單數主語，謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如： Tom is a good student. 湯姆是個好學生。 2 主語是不可數名詞，用動詞單數。但當不可數名詞前有表示數量的復數名詞時，謂語動詞用復數形式。eg：There _ ( be much water in the bottle. Ten thousand tons of coal _( be produced last year. 去年生產了一萬噸煤

4、。3 單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞要用單數形式。eg：Helping others _ ( be her great happiness. 4主語從句及“疑問副詞/代詞 + 不定式” 作主語，謂語動詞用單數。Eg: When and where we will hold the meeting _ ( be unknown. 我們何時何地舉行會議還不知道。How to work out the problem _ ( be very easy. Whether they'll go _ ( depend on the weather. 5 much , little ,

5、a little, only a little, quite a little, a great deal of, an amount of只能修飾不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數。Eg: A large amount of (A great deal of damage _ ( do in a very short time.(二、謂語動詞一定用要用復數的主語情況1 復數主語，謂語動詞用復數。eg：They often play football on the playground.2 由兩部分構成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scis

6、sors, pants, jeans, gloves 等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。eg： My glasses _ ( be on the desk. 我的眼鏡在書桌上?！咀⒁狻咳绻@類名詞前用了a pair of等表示數量的名詞，則謂語動詞的單復數形式往往取決于表示數量的名詞的單復數形式。Eg： Here _ ( be some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks _ ( be on the bed. 3 用and或bothand連接的名詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式。Eg：What I think and

7、what I seek _ ( have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我所思考的和我所尋求的都在這個論文中體現了出來?！咀⒁狻坎⒘兄髡Z如果只有一個冠詞，那么指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數。有一些由and連接的固定組合,作為一個整體理解，謂語動詞也用單數。bread and butter 奶油面包 fork and knife 一副刀叉, eg：The poet and writer _ ( have come. The poet and the writer _ ( have come. Bread and butter _ ( be

8、 his usual breakfast. 他經常以黃油面包當早餐。 Both bread and butter _ ( be sold out in that shop. 商店里的面包和黃油都賣光了。(兩個事物 【注意1】用and連接的單數主語，前面有each, every, no, many a, more than a/one 等修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。eg： Every boy and girl _ ( be treated in the same way. 每個男孩和女孩都是以同樣的方式對待的。 Many a boy and many a girl _ ( have seen

9、it. 很多男孩和女孩都見過這個。 In our country every boy and every girl _ ( have the right to receive education. 在我們的國家，每個男孩和女孩都有受教育的權利。No boy and no girl likes it. 男孩和女孩都不喜歡它?！咀⒁? 】each作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；但若作主語的同位語，則要由名詞決定謂語動詞。謂語動詞仍用復數形式。eg： The old workers and the young each _ ( have their own tools. 青老年工人都各自有自己的工具。4

10、both, few, a few, many, several, others作主語，或它們所修飾的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數形式。eg： There _ ( be only a few people who can live to 100. 只有少數人能活到100歲。 Both of them are in my class. 他們兩個都在我的班里三、根據主語中名詞的單復數而定 。1 當主語有with, as well as, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied

11、 by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 結構跟在主語后面時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致（就前原則）。Eg： The teacher together with some students _ ( be visiting the museum. 教師和一些學生在參觀博物館。 The woman together with her daughter and son _ ( sit on the sofa watching TV. 那個女人和她的兒女坐在沙發上看電視。All but one _ ( be here just now. 剛才除

12、了一個人都在這里了。 2 “the majority of + 名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞視名詞的單復數形式而定。eg： The majority of the damage _ ( be easy to repair. The majority of the students _ ( like music. 3 plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heads of, loads of, scores of, most of, none of, rest of, all of, part of, a quantity of 等，后面加上可數或不可數名詞作

13、主語時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。eg： Most of his money _ ( be spent on computer games. There _ ( be plenty of water in the bottle. There _ ( be a large quantity of milk. 有很多牛奶。 4 如果名詞詞組中心詞是“分數或百分數 + of +the + 名詞，謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單、復數形式。eg： Over three-quarters of the land _ ( have been reclaimed. 四分之

14、三多的土地已經收回了。 Two-thirds of the people present _ ( be against the plan. 到場的三分之二的人都反對這個計劃。 5 定語從句。關系代詞who, that, which在定語從句中作主語時，從句中謂語動詞的單復數形式應與先行詞一致。eg： "Keep cool" is the first of the rules that _ ( be to be remembered in an accident. “鎮靜”是事故發生時應當牢記的第一條原則?！咀⒁狻吭凇皁ne of +the +復數名詞+ who/that/w

15、hich”引導的定語從句中，從句謂語的單復數取決于one前是否有the (only/the very。如果有，從句的謂語動詞用單數，如沒有，就用復數形式。【比較】 Jack is one of the men who _ ( be chosen to represent the company. Jack是被選出來的公司代表之一。 Jack is the only one of the men who _ ( be chosen to represent the company. Jack是唯一被選出來的公司代表。主謂一致意義一致原則一. 謂語動詞一定用要用單數的主語情況 1 由“many a

16、 + 單數名詞”，“more than one + 單數名詞”作主語，意義雖為“許多”、“不止一個”，但謂語動詞要用單數形式。eg： More than one student _ ( have passed the examination. 不止一個學生通過了這次考試。 Many a child _ ( learn to swim before he can read. 許多孩子在認字前就學會了游泳。 【注意】“more than + 基數詞復數名詞”或“more 復數名詞 than one做主語時，謂語用復數。例如： More than twenty students _ ( play f

17、ootball on the playground. 超過20學生在操場上踢足球。 More members than one _ ( be against your plan. 不止一個成員反對你的計劃。2 表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數。eg： Five dollars _ ( be enough. 五美元夠了。Thirty miles is a long way to walk. 三十里地可是個不近的路程。Three pints isn't enough to get him drunk. 三品脫還不至于把他灌醉。二、謂

18、語動詞一定用要用復數的主語情況 1 集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽, clergy, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。Eg： _( be there any police around? 附近有警察嗎？ The police _( be searching for a short dark man with a beard. 警察正在搜尋一位膚色黑、留胡子的矮個子男人。2 a number of, quantities of, a variety of作主語，謂語動詞要用復數形式?！咀⒁狻俊皌he number of + 名詞復數”的意思

19、是“.的數量是”，動詞要用單數形式?！咀⒁狻俊癮 large quantity of”后面的謂語動詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。eg： A number of books _( have lent out. 許多的書都借出去了。The number of the students _( be over 800. Quantities of food _( be on the table. There _( be a large quantity of milk. 有很多牛奶。3 “the + 形容詞”(如the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the de

20、ad, the sick, the brave 等作主語時，通常指的是一類人，謂語動詞用復數形式。eg： The poor _( be very happy, but the rich _( be sad.注意：某種情況下如果指的是單個人或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數形式。Eg：The departed _( be a good friend of her. 死者是她的一位好友。三、根據主語中名詞的含義而定。 1 集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決定。如果它們作為一個集體單位時，動詞用單數形式，如就其中的各個成員來說，則謂語用復數形式。集體名詞有：family, audience, c

21、rew, crowd, class, company, committee, team, group, government, union, firm, staff, public等詞。 population 一詞，當用作整體時，謂語動詞用單數；當用其部分做主語時，謂語動詞形式用復數。Eg： Her family _( be very large. 他家成員不多。Her family _( be music lovers. 他家個個都是音樂愛好者。 The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population _( be p

22、easants. 中國的人口有13.6億，70是農業人口。 四、其他特定情況 1 this kind of book=a book of this kind (這種書，作主語，謂語用單數；2 this kind of men = men of this kind , 但this kind of men的謂語用單數，men of this kind的謂語用復數; all kinds of后跟復數名詞，謂語用復數。eg： This kind of men _( be dangerous. 這種人很危險。 Men of this kind _( be dangerous. 這種人很危險。"

23、主謂一致-就近一致原則1 由連詞or, neithernor, eitheror, not onlybut also, nor, not.but等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。Eg： Either you or Mary _( be to go. 不是你去，就是Mary去。 _( be neither you nor your father interested in swimming? 你和你的父親都不喜歡游泳嗎？ Not only the switches but also the old wiring _( have been changed. 不僅開關，連那些老化了電

24、路都已經更換了。What I say or what I think _( be no business of yours. 我所說的或者我所想的與你們沒關系?！咀⒁狻糠匆庖蓡柧渲?，由neither nor, not only but also, either or, not but, or等連結的并列主語，其后的附加疑問部分主語用復數代詞。例如： Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? 你我都沒錯，對吧？ Both Tom and Ann came, didn't they? Tom和Ann都來了，是不是？【比較】“one or two + 復數名詞”作主語,謂語動詞用復數。 “a/an + 單數名詞 + or two”作主語，謂語動詞用單數。Eg:One or two students _( have failed the exam. 一兩個學生考試不及格。 A student or two _( have failed the exam. 一兩個學生考試不及格。2 當there be, here, where 句型的主