1、Teaching Plan Vocabulary Building Translation practice Grammar FocusTeaching Procedure 1. Dictation (unit4) 2. General Introduction of Translation 3. Subjunctive Mood 4. Inversion大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)完型填空、翻譯講座 Translation1. 固定搭配。固定搭配。2. 核心語(yǔ)法。核心語(yǔ)法。3. 核心動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。核心動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。最基本的原則最基本的原則 準(zhǔn)確和通順準(zhǔn)確和通順題型特征 5分鐘內(nèi)完成 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 1. 整

2、體內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言均正確滿分。 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)正確，但整體意思不確切，信息不全 或用詞不當(dāng)一半分。 3. 整體意思正確，但語(yǔ)言有錯(cuò)誤 一半分。 4. 整體意思錯(cuò)誤，即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確 0分 5. 大小寫錯(cuò)誤及標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤忽略不計(jì)。 應(yīng)試方法 翻譯中的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題翻譯中的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題對(duì)材料理解不當(dāng)，造成譯文與原意偏差過(guò)大。對(duì)材料理解不當(dāng)，造成譯文與原意偏差過(guò)大。表達(dá)能力欠缺，譯文不夠通順、流暢。表達(dá)能力欠缺，譯文不夠通順、流暢。 應(yīng)對(duì)辦法應(yīng)對(duì)辦法1. 重視語(yǔ)言基本功訓(xùn)練。重視語(yǔ)言基本功訓(xùn)練。2. 對(duì)英語(yǔ)基本句型了解，熟悉各種方法和技巧。對(duì)英語(yǔ)基本句型了解，熟悉各種方法和技巧。 答題步驟答題步驟看中文看中文看英文看英文翻譯翻

3、譯檢查檢查通讀題目，準(zhǔn)確理解；通讀題目，準(zhǔn)確理解；分析成分，劃分意群；分析成分，劃分意群；選擇詞義，貼切表達(dá)；選擇詞義，貼切表達(dá)；通讀全句，檢驗(yàn)加工。通讀全句，檢驗(yàn)加工。 檢驗(yàn)加工過(guò)程檢驗(yàn)加工過(guò)程 1. 核實(shí)譯文與原文內(nèi)容是否一致；核實(shí)譯文與原文內(nèi)容是否一致； 2. 檢查譯文是否檢查譯文是否符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣； 3. 檢查譯文是否有錯(cuò)譯或漏譯；檢查譯文是否有錯(cuò)譯或漏譯； 4. 檢查標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)；檢查標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)；虛擬語(yǔ)氣（Subjunctive Mood）一一. . 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將

4、來(lái)事實(shí)相反條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句主句主句had donewere / diddidwere to do should dowould / should / could / might + have done would / should / could / might + do would / should / could / might + do1.主句與從句的構(gòu)成主句與從句的構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于狀語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于狀語(yǔ)從句2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句 常用于句型常用于句型 “It is (high) time (that)” 中，中， 定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

5、詞一般用didExamplesExamples Its time that I picked up my daughter. Its high time we did our work. Its time that we stopped this quarrel.4. 4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用 wish + + 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句, ,表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。wishS. + had done S. + did / were S. + could might would would rather + + 賓語(yǔ)從句，表示一種愿望。賓語(yǔ)從句，表示一種

6、愿望。would rather sb. did sth.would rather sb. had done sth.ExamplesExamples I would rather they came tomorrow. I would rather you had gone there yesterday. I could go myself but I would rather you went this afternoon. order/ command suggest / advise/ recommend / propose demand / insist / desire / req

7、uest / require / urge + +賓語(yǔ)從句，表示命令、建議、要求。賓語(yǔ)從句，表示命令、建議、要求。賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由 ( (should) + + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。ExamplesExamples He ordered that the bridge be completed soon. I propose that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. He requested he (should) be given an chance to try.5.5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從

8、句中的運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用( (should) + + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) It is necessary / important / natural that we (should) clean the room every day. It is necessary / important that he (should) be sent there at once. It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised/ recommended / proposed / demanded /

9、desired / requested / required that we (should) get everything ready by night. It is strange / surprising / a pity / a shame that you (should) be so careless. you are so careless.6.6.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用 作表示命令、建議、要求等的名詞作表示命令、建議、要求等的名詞order, advice, suggestion, proposal, request,requirement, de

10、mand, plan, idea 等的表語(yǔ)從句等的表語(yǔ)從句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。 My suggestion is that Tom ( should ) be sent to help another group.The orders were that we (should) stay where we were. My idea / plan is that we (should) carry on our conversation in English.ExamplesExamples7. 7. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在同位語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用虛

11、擬語(yǔ)氣在同位語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用 作表示命令、建議、要求等的名詞作表示命令、建議、要求等的名詞order, advice, suggestion, proposal, request,requirement, demand, plan, idea 等的同位語(yǔ)從句等的同位語(yǔ)從句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) + + 動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。 ExamplesExamples His suggestion that we (should) go to Shanghai is wonderful. What do you think of his idea / plan that w

12、e (should) put on a play at the English evening? I agree to the requirement that the plan (should) be adjusted.8、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于方式狀語(yǔ)從句（、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于方式狀語(yǔ)從句（as if/as though） You are looking at me as if I were mad. He acts as though he had seen a ghost. He acts as though he was eating noodles. 9、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于目的狀語(yǔ)從句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于目的

13、狀語(yǔ)從句 He got up early so that he could / might / would catch the bus. We study hard in order that we can / may / will go to collage.10、but for+N, without+N, otherwiseBut for your help, I would not have finished the task in time.11、In case, lestBring an umbrella with you, I case it should rain./it rai

14、ns.We dare not play jokes on him lest he should become angry 真題回放 1.There would be no life on earth_(沒(méi)有地球獨(dú)特的環(huán)境).(2010.12-89) without its unique environment. 2.They requested that _ (我借的書還回圖書館).(2010.12-91) the book that I borrowed should be returned to the library. 3.It is suggested that the air con

15、ditioner _（要安裝在窗戶旁邊)(2010.06) should be installed next to the window.真題回放 4.You would not have failed if _ (按照我的指令去做) (2009.12- 87 ) you had followed my instructions 5. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary _ (就不會(huì)被大雨淋濕了).(2009-06- 88.) wouldnt have been caught by the rain 6.Youd better take a sw

16、eater with you_ (以防天氣變冷).(08.12-89) in case it turn(s) cold 7.The victim (本來(lái)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái)) if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12-88) would have had a chance to survive Inversion倒裝句 1英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 放在放在謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)的前面，的前面， 叫做自然語(yǔ)序叫做自然語(yǔ)序 放在放在 的前面，叫做倒裝語(yǔ)序的前面，叫做倒裝語(yǔ)序謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)倒裝的目的倒裝的目的1語(yǔ)法要求：語(yǔ)法要求：疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)句，there

17、 be句型等。句型等。 2修辭要求：修辭要求：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)；為了強(qiáng)調(diào)； 為描寫為描寫 生動(dòng)；為銜接上下生動(dòng)；為銜接上下 文；為平衡句子文；為平衡句子 倒裝倒裝 完全倒裝完全倒裝部分倒裝部分倒裝將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全移到主語(yǔ)前全移到主語(yǔ)前只將只將助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞或 放到主語(yǔ)之前放到主語(yǔ)之前 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞祝福祝福如此如此需需常常也也讓步讓步只只不不方方地地表表時(shí)時(shí)有有there be 句型在這個(gè)房間里有很多可愛(ài)的學(xué)生。在這個(gè)房間里有很多可愛(ài)的學(xué)生。There are many lovely students in the room. 地地表表時(shí)時(shí)有有方方now, then Your

18、turn comes now. Now comes your turn.地地表表時(shí)時(shí)有有方方Some experienced teachers are present at the meeting.Present at the meeting _are some experienced teachers.地地表表時(shí)時(shí)有有表語(yǔ)提前，為了平衡句子或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)提前，為了平衡句子或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)方方here, there, in the front of, in the distance A teacher stands in the front of the classroom.In the fro

19、nt of the classroom stands a teacher.表表時(shí)時(shí)有有地地方方in, out, up, down, away,off The balloons flew up. Up Up flew they.(?) Up they flew.(方位）flew the balloons.地地表表時(shí)時(shí)有有方方注意！ 全部倒裝中代詞不倒裝 Here you are. Now she comes. Out he ran.祝福祝福如此如此需需常常也也讓步讓步只只不不 not, no, never, nowhereat no time, by no means, in no wayhar

20、dly, scarcely, barely, little, seldomnot untilnot only but alsohardlywhen, no sooner thanWe are going nowhere at the weekend. Nowhere are we going at the weekend.讓步讓步只只不不 not, no, never, nowhereat no time, by no means, in no wayhardly, scarcely, barely, little, seldomnot untilnot only but alsohardly

21、when, no sooner than He did not make a single mistake. Not a single mistake did he make.讓步讓步只只不不 1.not until Not until yesterday did I know the news.位于句首位于句首I did not begin to do my homework until my mother came back. Not until my mother came back did I begin to do my homework.（從句不倒主句倒）Exercises: no

22、t, no, neverat no time, by no means, in no wayhardly, scarcely, barely, little, seldomnot untilnot only but alsohardlywhen, no sooner than_ _ then _ I realize how luckyI was.直到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我有多幸運(yùn)。Not until did讓步讓步只只不不2) No soonerthan Hardly whenScarcely whenHardly had they gone out of the classroom when it

23、 began to rain.位于句首位于句首He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.He had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awaked her. Scarcely had he fallen asleep when a knock at the door awaked her.Exercises:3) Not onlybut also連接兩連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)（前倒后不倒）個(gè)句

24、子時(shí)（前倒后不倒） Not only was there no electricity at that time but also (there was) no water in the area. He is not only an actor but also a writer. Not only is he an actor but also (he is) a writer. 1. succeed in doing anything.AOnly by working hard we can BBy only working hard we can COnly by working ha

25、rd can weDOnly we can by working hard 2.Only Mr. Wang knows this.(修飾主語(yǔ)不倒裝修飾主語(yǔ)不倒裝）Only位于句首，修飾狀語(yǔ)讓步讓步只只不不as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“盡管”，“雖然”1.As you are young, you know a lot. Young _, you know a lot.2.As you are a child, you know a lot._ as you are, you know a lot.Childas you are讓步讓步只只不不可以把表語(yǔ)提到前面來(lái)，采用可以把表語(yǔ)提到

26、前面來(lái)，采用“形容詞（或副詞、形容詞（或副詞、名詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形）名詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形）+ as +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)”這種形這種形式式.Tired as he was, he continued to work.Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.As 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。句首是句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在

27、主語(yǔ)之前。起放在主語(yǔ)之前。 so(用于肯定句)和neither/nor(用于否定句) Translation: 湯姆很善良。湯姆很善良。 他的確很善良，你也是。他的確很善良，你也是。 Tom is very kind. So he is , and so are you.祝福祝福如此如此需需常常也也neithernor連結(jié)并列分句時(shí)，前連結(jié)并列分句時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)分句都倒裝。后兩個(gè)分句都倒裝。Neither is he foolish, nor is he lazy.Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.often, always, man

28、y a timeHe has been to Tieling many a time.Many a time _ to Tieling.has he beenWelcome to my hometown!祝福祝福如此如此需需常常也也虛擬語(yǔ)氣中 ，可將were, had , should提至句首，if省略_ I a bird, I would fly freely.Were（虛）（虛）祝福祝福如此如此需需常常也也省略了省略了 if 的虛擬條件句的虛擬條件句從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是 were, had(無(wú)論它無(wú)論它是助動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是助動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞), should 時(shí)，可省

29、時(shí)，可省略略if, 將其提前。將其提前。If you had worked hard at your lessons, you would have passed the exam. Had you worked hard at your lessons, you would have passed the exam. If I had time, I would go to Tieling with you. Had I time, I would go to Tieling with you.so/suchthatSo well that the teacher praised her.

30、Ashe had done her homework Bher homework had been done Cdid she do her homeworkDshe did her homework祝福祝福如此如此需需常常也也may I hope you will be successful! _ you _!May succeed祝福祝福如此如此需需常常也也注意 1. only if 引導(dǎo)倒裝句，if only 引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣 2.not until +倒裝 Not until you knew it did you believe me. 3.not only +倒裝，but (also)

31、 Not only do you like her, but (also) I like her. 4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句本身已經(jīng)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)需倒裝。 It was not until you knew it that you believed me. 5.部分倒裝與全部倒裝be動(dòng)詞的形式一樣 Here is the book. So busy is he that he cant come.真題回放1. _(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill.（08-06-91）Not until he had finished the mission2.

32、 Only in the small town_. (他才感到安全和放松)(07.06六級(jí)) does she feel secure and relaxed 3.The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不應(yīng)該對(duì)法庭說(shuō)謊) 【CET-6：2007.12】 should he lie to the court. 4._(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 【CET-6：2007.1】 Not until the deadline did he send (out) 5. The more you ex

33、plain, _(我愈糊涂). （CET-4：2006.6）the more, the more結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝 the more confused I amAssignment Words & Expressions (p133-134,p13183-184 ) Translation practice (09-11) 在英語(yǔ)中在英語(yǔ)中, ,主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)有兩種順序主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)有兩種順序: : 一是主語(yǔ)一是主語(yǔ)在前在前, ,謂語(yǔ)在后謂語(yǔ)在后, ,稱為稱為自然語(yǔ)序自然語(yǔ)序( Natural Order ).反之反之, ,如果謂語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)前面如果謂語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)前面, ,就是就是倒裝語(yǔ)序倒裝語(yǔ)序( ( I

34、nverted Order ).).倒裝語(yǔ)序倒裝語(yǔ)序全部倒裝全部倒裝部分倒裝部分倒裝Full InversionPartial Inversion倒裝的原因一是語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要倒裝的原因一是語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要, ,一是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)。一是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)。 在全部倒裝的句子中在全部倒裝的句子中, ,整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)都放在主語(yǔ)整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)都放在主語(yǔ)的前面的前面. .在部分倒裝的句子中在部分倒裝的句子中, ,只是謂語(yǔ)中的一部分只是謂語(yǔ)中的一部分( ( 如助如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、或系動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、或系動(dòng)詞bebe等）放在主語(yǔ)的前等）放在主語(yǔ)的前面，其余部分仍在主語(yǔ)之后。面，其余部分仍在主語(yǔ)之后。全部倒裝全部倒裝部分倒裝部分倒裝

35、全部倒裝 在以在以here , there ，out , in , up, down, away, off 等方位副詞或以等方位副詞或以now, then時(shí)間副詞開頭的句子時(shí)間副詞開頭的句子 里，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)，采用全部倒裝。如：里，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)，采用全部倒裝。如： Here are some picture-books. Up went the arrow into the air. In rushed a strange man. Now comes the bus. Then came a cry for help.但當(dāng)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不用倒裝。如：但當(dāng)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不用倒裝。如： Away /Off

36、they went. / There he comes.全部倒裝2. 2. 為了保持句子平衡或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，將為了保持句子平衡或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，將表語(yǔ)或表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)置于句首，采用全部倒裝。表語(yǔ)或表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)置于句首，采用全部倒裝。 (To the) South of the town lie two steel factories. Between the two buildings stands a tall tree. On the other side is northern Xinjiang.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of

37、 which sat a small boy. Present at the meeting were Professor Li and many other guests.部分倒裝部分倒裝 用于用于so, nor, neither 開頭的句子中，表示前面開頭的句子中，表示前面 所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一人或物。所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一人或物。句型句型 so / as + be( (助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+ + 主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)。句型句型 nor / neither + be( (助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+ + 主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)。 If Tom goes to the party, s

38、o will Mary.Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life. “I wont do such a thing.” “Nor / Neither will I.” If you dont go , neither shall I. 但如果一個(gè)句子只是重復(fù)前面一句話的意思，但如果一個(gè)句子只是重復(fù)前面一句話的意思，盡管是用盡管是用so開頭，語(yǔ)序也不顛倒。開頭，語(yǔ)序也不顛倒。注意注意 _ It was cold yesterday. _ So it was. _Tomorrow will be Monday. _So it wi

39、ll.如果前面一句話表示復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容，用此句型表示：如果前面一句話表示復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容，用此句型表示： So it is (the same) with _I like pop music and dont like classical music. _ So it is with Mary. / So it is the same with Mary.2. 2. 用于以用于以 never, not, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, little, nowhere, at no time, by no means, not once, no long

40、er等含有否定意義的詞開頭的句子。如：等含有否定意義的詞開頭的句子。如： By no means / At no time shall we give up. Never have I been to America. Not a word did he say at the meeting. Little does he do every day. No longer are they staying with us. Not once has she failed to keep her promise.3.3.在在not onlybut also; no soonerthan; hard

41、lywhen; scarcelywhen; not until; sothat; suchthat句型中句型中, ,主句倒裝主句倒裝, ,從從 句不倒裝句不倒裝, ,但要注意但要注意: :neithernor 連接的句連接的句 子前后兩個(gè)分句都要倒裝。子前后兩個(gè)分句都要倒裝。 Not only is she smart but also she is beautiful. Such great progress did he make that he was praised. Not until midnight did he go home after work. So frightened

42、 was he that he couldnt move a little. Hardly / Scarcely/ had he entered the office when he realized he had forgotten his report. Neither did he know about it nor did he care about it.4. 4. 用于用于only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、或狀語(yǔ)從句開頭時(shí)。如：或狀語(yǔ)從句開頭時(shí)。如： Only then did he get to know the importance of being ho

43、nest. Only in this way can we learn English well. Only when the war was over in 1945 was he able to get happily back to work.但但only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)不倒裝。修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)不倒裝。Only Dr Yang can save his life.5.5.在在 as / though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，句子要句子要 倒裝倒裝： 表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形+as / though+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +其他其他注意：注意： 1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

44、句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。 2) 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ), 隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。 Child as / though she is, she knows a lot. Much as / though I like the color TV set, I cant afford it. Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：注意： 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，有讓

45、步狀語(yǔ)從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句時(shí)，后面的主句不能有不能有but，但是，但是 though 和和yet可連用。可連用。6 6。 用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句中。用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句中。在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were, had, should 等詞，可將等詞，可將if 省略，把省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語(yǔ)之前，移到主語(yǔ)之前， 采取部分倒裝。采取部分倒裝。 Were it to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. Had you put o

46、n more clothes, you wouldnt have caught cold. Should Mr. White call, what would you say?7.7.在一些表示祝愿的句子中。在一些表示祝愿的句子中。May you make great progress! May you be happy!8. . 構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞或構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞或構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞可以提到句首，而形成部分倒裝。現(xiàn)在分詞可以提到句首，而形成部分倒裝。 Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing ch

47、ess. = A group of young men playing chess are seated on the ground. Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper and lead. Visiting Beijing were 300 Japanese young people. = 300 Japanese young people were visiting Beijing. Standing beside the desk is our headmaster. 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) 1.“A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) +

48、 as + 計(jì)量形容詞原級(jí)計(jì)量形容詞原級(jí) + as + B”。 This tree is three times as tall as that one. 2.“A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + 計(jì)量形容詞比較級(jí)計(jì)量形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B ” The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 3.“A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + the + 計(jì)量名詞計(jì)量名詞 + of + B ” The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous

49、 one. 4.“The + 計(jì)量名詞計(jì)量名詞 + of + A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + that + of + B ” 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donedonegoinghaving gonegone分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式:注注: : 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的和正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的和正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的和已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的和已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)

50、作, ,或只表或只表 被動(dòng)而沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性被動(dòng)而沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性. .動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式：動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式：主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式一般式完成式完成式doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done嫵媚人生嫵媚人生http:/ 所謂非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，它雖不具有動(dòng)詞的性所謂非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，它雖不具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，即在句子中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，但仍然具有動(dòng)詞質(zhì)，即在句子中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，但仍然具有動(dòng)詞的特征，它有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，還可帶有本的特征，它有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，還可帶有本身賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，在句子身賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，在句子中作除謂語(yǔ)

51、以外的任何成分。如：中作除謂語(yǔ)以外的任何成分。如： Many people watched the boys climbing the mountain. We are studying hard to go to college. To complete that building in ten months was a great achievement. 名稱名稱句句 法法 功功 能能不定式不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨或分詞作狀語(yǔ)表

52、示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。 He stayed in the room, knowing very well what is happening outside. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by his students. Having finished all the work, he left the office. Not having received a reply, I wrote again. Inspired by Dr. Wangs speech, we decided to study har

53、der. Having been shown around the school, we had a basketball match. Given more time , we would do the work better.獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格 獨(dú)立主格是由動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格是由動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式中的分詞和其獨(dú)立的邏輯形式中的分詞和其獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，用作主語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，用作主語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明原因、狀態(tài)、條件、時(shí)間說(shuō)明原因、狀態(tài)、條件、時(shí)間等。等。一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式1 1、邏輯主語(yǔ)、邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ing+V-ing這種構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的這種構(gòu)成

54、形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動(dòng)作不是整句動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動(dòng)作不是整句主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，而是其主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，而是其邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)出發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。如：的動(dòng)作。如： 1)._no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was A2 2、邏輯主語(yǔ)、邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ed+V-ed該構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作承受者。該構(gòu)成形式內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作承受者。1)1)_, the train started.A.The signal given B.Giving the

55、signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2)_, the train started. .A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given A D 3、邏輯主語(yǔ)、邏輯主語(yǔ)+形容詞（副詞）形容詞（副詞）該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的“主主系系表表”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：結(jié)構(gòu)。如：1)_, the patient can leave the hospital. A.B

56、etter conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions2)_, the patient can leave the hospital. A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions BC獨(dú)立主格總結(jié)獨(dú)立主格總結(jié) 逗號(hào)不能連接兩個(gè)句子逗號(hào)不能連接兩個(gè)句子 狀語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)作不是由整句主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，狀語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)作不是由整句主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，所以要有

57、一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)所以要有一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ) 獨(dú)立主格在整個(gè)句子中作狀語(yǔ)，表原因、獨(dú)立主格在整個(gè)句子中作狀語(yǔ)，表原因、伴隨、時(shí)間、條件等伴隨、時(shí)間、條件等 構(gòu)成：邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成：邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ing (主動(dòng)）主動(dòng)） 邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ed (被動(dòng)）被動(dòng)） 邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)+ adj.（主（主+系系+表）表）分詞、獨(dú)立主格和分詞、獨(dú)立主格和“with + with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”作作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + with + 復(fù)合賓復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中均可作狀語(yǔ)，其區(qū)別是這樣語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中均可作狀語(yǔ)，其區(qū)別是這樣的：的：一、分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)句子的主

58、語(yǔ)是分一、分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者（用現(xiàn)在分詞）或動(dòng)作承受者（用執(zhí)行者（用現(xiàn)在分詞）或動(dòng)作承受者（用過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式）。這種情況過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式）。這種情況下的分詞短語(yǔ)可以改為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或下的分詞短語(yǔ)可以改為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列謂語(yǔ)。并列謂語(yǔ)。 二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with + with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的分構(gòu)在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是整句的主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)不是整句的主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)與分詞的

59、邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致。即主句主語(yǔ)與分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致。三、使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、三、使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + with + 復(fù)合賓復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)分別在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意：它語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)分別在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意：它們與主句之間不應(yīng)有從屬連詞（如們與主句之間不應(yīng)有從屬連詞（如when, when, if, as soon as, as, whileif, as soon as, as, while等）或并列等）或并列連詞（如連詞（如and, but, or, soand, but, or, so等）。等）。四、在使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、四、在使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +with +復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞

60、結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一定要看結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一定要看句子主語(yǔ)同這些結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系。句子主語(yǔ)同這些結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系。1 1、當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)與該狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞之間有邏輯、當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)與該狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞之間有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，該狀語(yǔ)可用分詞結(jié)上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，該狀語(yǔ)可用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或從句表示。構(gòu)或從句表示。1)_ in thought, he almost ran into 1)_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. the car in front of him. A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He