1、1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to theirdistribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.音位學;在語言或一門語言中， 對有關其分類和模式以及為大家 所默認的發音規則的研究音韻學,音系學3. Syntax: The study of the rules wh

2、ereby words or other elements of sentence structureare combined to form grammatical sentences.句法，研究詞或其它句 子成分如何聯合起來形成合乎語法的句子規則的學科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.語義學，以語 言形式表示意思的研究或科學5. acronym :首字母組合詞，首字母縮略詞，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它們可以連拼，但VOA是Initialism。6. Metonymy: A f

3、igure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another withwhich it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington forthe United States government or of the sword for military power.換喻或轉喻，一種,一個詞或詞組被另一個與之有緊密聯系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法，如用 華盛頓代替美=或用劍代替軍事力量， 對面來了三個 “紅領巾”也是，以紅領巾指 代少先隊員。7. Simile:

4、A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, oftenin a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been orSo are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).明喻,一種修辭手法，把兩種基本不相像的東西進行比較，通常 在由like或as引導的短語中，如 我的離開好象是冬天來臨”或 你對我的思想 就象食物對于生命一樣重要

5、 ”(莎士比亞)8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates onething is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea oftroubles or All the worlds a stage(Shakespeare)隱 喻一種語言表達手法， 通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物， 從而暗示它們之間 的相似之處，如 “憂愁之海 ”或 “整個世界一臺戲 ”莎(士比

6、亞) the ship of desert沙漠之舟9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory termsare combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.矛盾修飾法,一種把互相矛盾或不調和的詞合在一起的修辭手法，如在 震耳欲聾的沉默和悲 傷的樂觀cruel kindness10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament

7、,Westminster is Big Ben.11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eves expulsion from the Gardenof Eden in Paradise Lost. Paradise Regained was also written by him.12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.十四行詩體,一種由十四行組成的詩歌形式，通常有一種傳統 的押韻形式,莎士比亞用過此詩體。1

8、3. Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made uptypically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in placeof standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect.俚語主要出現在非正式的、游戲性的話語中的一種 語言，基本由存在時間很短的派生詞和修辭構成，它們被故意地

9、用來取代標準的 詞語以達到生動、幽默、無禮或其它效果14. Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan fora group or movement.警句， 妙句，吸引人的詞句廣泛使用的或流行 的用語，尤指用作集團或運動的口號的用語。15. Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group.行話,一個行業、職業或類似的團體中使用的專業的或技術的語 言.t

10、erminology16. Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it wereoriginal or significant.陳腔濫調,陳腐的或平庸的評論或陳述，尤指某人表述它時好象它是新穎的或有意義的17. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect,as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs

11、 a ton.夸張法,一種 比喻，使用夸張來強調或產生某種效果，比如在我能睡一年或這書有一噸重18. onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur象 聲詞,詞的構成或用法，例如buzz或nurmur模仿事物或行動的聲音.19. hypotaxis:從屬關系that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.20. parataxis:并列結構，指 短語或分句間不用連詞， 如：I came, I saw, I

12、 conquered.21. Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph WaldoEmerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality thattranscends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.超驗主義,一種文學和哲學運動， 與拉爾夫?沃爾多?愛默生和瑪格麗特?富勒有關，

13、宣稱存在一種理想的精神實體，超越于經驗和科 學之處，通過直覺得以把握22. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter.美國23. Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language,including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.詞法，詞態學，形態音位學,語言或某一語言中對于單詞的結構和形式的研究， 包括詞尾變化、派生和合成詞的構成24. affrica

14、te: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant輔音followed by africative摩擦; for example, the initial sounds of child and joy.塞擦音由閉塞音伴隨著摩擦音而形成的復雜的語音； 例如child和joy的第一個 音Also called: affricative.25. Vanity Fair名利場was written William Makepeace Thackray26. Neil Armstrong was the first person to w

15、alk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin,Michael Collins尼爾阿姆斯特朗、埃德溫奧爾德林、邁克爾柯林斯27. The title of the national anthem國歌of Canada is O Canada.此種類型題 同學們可自己多找幾個國家。28. Henry David Thoreaus work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece ofNew England Transcendentalism.29. etymology: the history of a word.詞源學3

16、0. The dominant accent in the United States is General American.除紐約 市、南方、新英格蘭31. John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles披頭士或甲殼蟲樂隊inthe 1960s.32. In Gullivers Tra格e列佛游記，Jonathan Swift describes the island of33. Ceoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.34. morpheme: A meani

17、ngful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a wordelement, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be dividedinto smaller meaningful parts.詞素,一種含有一個單詞的有意義的語言單位，如-ed在單詞walked中，不能被劃分為更小的有意義單位35. The name of the famous stadium露天體育場in the north of London isWembley.36. Wimbledon溫布爾登英國英格蘭東南部城市（

18、位于倫敦附近,是著名的國 際網球比賽地） 37. Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食譜, originatingfromYorkshire, a county in the north of England.烤面拖牛肉，面拖烤香腸38. Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as anexpression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（強制）.聯合 抵制

19、,聯合起來拒絕使用、購買或經銷以示抗議、不滿或作為強制的手段39. Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races,as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practicediscrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society.隔離,強制實行種族的社會分離政策及實踐，如在學校、居住和工業中，尤指在 白人居多的社會中實行有色

20、人種歧視的政策40. Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in theRepublic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economicdiscrimination against nonwhites.種族隔離制,南非共和國實行的一種官方的 種族隔離政策，包括在政治、法律和經濟諸方面對非白色人種的歧視.41. Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups intounrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation.種族或宗教融合,在社會或組織中，使不同的種族或宗教派別的 人處于無限制的平等的關系中；取消種族隔離the Houyhnhnms as the worldHouyhnhnms are horses in fact.s most p erfect soci有理智和人性的馬種族42. The majority of French-speaking Canadian