1、星期 2Tuesday3 大試題設(shè)制特點今日講堂Mini-Lecture部分的答題卷聽完錄音后才提供，一般作為Answer Sheet Two 發(fā)放。答題紙上的考題設(shè)置在歸納過的聽力原文之中，考題文章長度在200 詞左右。 該題型的目的是考查考生對講座內(nèi)容的理解。一、提綱式命題講座的試題部分大多采用提綱的形式，把原文中的要點進(jìn)行歸納和羅列，把干擾信息排除在外。提綱的特點是： 首段進(jìn)行概括； 中間可以直接看到文章從幾個方面進(jìn)行說明，而且層次分明； 用語非常簡潔精練， 基本上多用短語而不是句子； 提綱中的文字與原文的文字不完全重合，多數(shù)進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括或同義轉(zhuǎn)換。【例 1】（ 07-6 ）【試題】 .

2、 Art as a reflection of religiousbeliefsA. Europe:B. Middle East:C. Africa and the Pacific Islands: Masks, headdresses and costumes in special ceremoniesPurpose: to seek the help of (6)_ toprotect crops, animals and people【聽力原文】But the goal of traditionalartin Africa and PacificIslands is the influe

3、nceofspiritualpowers, that isgods to enter people s lives. Each tribe or village therehad special ceremonieswithsongsand dances tomake sure that crops, animals and people are healthyand increasing in number.Thedancers in theceremonies wear masks, head dresses and costumes that they believe are neces

4、sary to influence gods.【分析】 從提綱可以看出在提及歐洲以及中東的藝術(shù)之后，又提到非洲和太平洋群島地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)的目的。原文中講到讓眾神進(jìn)入人們的生活(the goal of traditional artis gods to enterpeople s lives)，隨后對該點進(jìn)行說明：每個部落或村落都有一些特殊儀式，在這些儀式上，人們穿著特殊服裝載歌載舞以感化眾神，確保莊稼、動物和人類健康、壯大。 因此歸納得出答案為 Gods。二、考點以名詞為主分析歷年的真題，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一部分考點涉及的詞性以名詞為主，10 個題中名詞最少也在 5 個以上。這主要是因為講座的主要設(shè)題

5、點為1）講座主題或結(jié)構(gòu)性的句子中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵名詞； 2）某一事物總體特征描述時的關(guān)鍵詞；3）分述各個特點或各個方面細(xì)節(jié)時出現(xiàn)的實詞。【例 2】（ 2011 年）題號答案設(shè)題點三、考查兩大能力1歸納概括能力一篇長達(dá) 900 多字的文章濃縮為200 字左右的提綱， 對其中的要點進(jìn)行填空，可見， 講座試題已經(jīng)超出單純考查聽力理解能力的層面，首要考查的是歸納概括能力。對于考生而言，這種試題有一定的難度，因為需要在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)。【例 3】（ 09-1 ）【試題】【聽力原文】I. Content of an experimental report, Then what is an exper

6、imental report? All the report is,e.g.really, is a place in which you tell the story of your study subject/ areastudy, like what you did, why you did it, what you study purposefound out in the process and so on. (1)_【分析】講座在提出What is an experimental report? 之后，回答到實驗報告應(yīng)包含：what youdid, why you did it及

7、what you found out三個方面，即研究的主題、研究的目的以及研究結(jié)果。根據(jù)提綱中前面兩條的格式，應(yīng)將what you found out 概括成名詞詞組的形式studyresults/findings 。2細(xì)節(jié)捕捉能力文章長，信息量大是講座材料的特征。可見對考生細(xì)節(jié)捕捉能力的考查也是本題型的主要目的。 此類試題的答案一般可以直接從原文中得出， 多數(shù)捕捉到原詞即為答案， 少數(shù)需要對捕捉到的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行一下轉(zhuǎn)述。【例 4】（ 10-6 ）【試題】【聽力原文】2. other culturesIn other cultures , placing your hand upon your h

8、eart is placing hand upon heart: (6)to indicate that you are telling the truth. Pointing your pointing at nose: secretfinger at your nose means it sasecret. That s why wesay that gestures are culture bound.【分析】作者在介紹其他文化中一些動作所代表的含義時提到將手放在心上表示you aretelling the truth ，故本空可直接填入truth。【例 5】（ 10-5 ）【試題】【聽

9、力原文】B. gestureHere, a few examples may show you how powerfulGestures are related to culture.gestures can be. In BritishEnglish behavior,1. British cultureshrugging shoulders may indicatean attitude of “ I shrugging shoulders: (5)don caret ”or, “ Idon knowt” While scratching scratching head: puzzleme

10、ntyour head may indicate that you are at a loss.【分析】介紹了面部表情之后，作者隨后談到肢體的副語言特征的第二類：姿勢。 舉例時作者提到 In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of “I don tcare”, or “I don tknow ”，本空應(yīng)該填入名詞（短語） ，因此將 I don tcare 轉(zhuǎn)述為 lack of interest 或 indifference 。今日練習(xí)Mini-Lecture 1How to Keep

11、Food Fresh LongerI. The importance of keeping food freshA. Food we throw away doubles that of 20 years ago.B. A typical family of four spending $364 a week will lose about(1) _a year.II. Ways to prolong the time before foods spoilA. Methods to keep herbs fresh1. The best way is to store them (2)_.2.

12、 Seal them in zip lock bags after (3)_ and put them in the refrigerator.B. Methods to keep flour, rice and pasta1. They usually last long.2. With the bay leaves to protect them, most (4)_ will last forseveral months.C. Some suggestions on preserving cheese1. The key to keep cheese moist in the freez

13、er is to put some butter on it.2. This method works best on (5)_.D. Ways to maintain the freshness of salt1. The most important thing to keep salt is to (6)_ and prevent it from clumping together.2. Some (7) _ will stop the salt from hardening.E. Tips about honey(8) _in honey keeps it from going bad

14、.When honey crystallize, do not throw it for (9) _ will make it clearagain.F. Ways to test the freshness of eggs1. Fresh eggs sink in water while spoiled ones float.2. Spoiled eggs have _ (10) when the shell is cracked open.(1)_(2)_(3) _(4) _(5) _(6) _(7) _(8) _(9) _(10) _Mini-Lecture 2English Busin

15、ess Letter Format$185I. Demands of stationerythe first page is with a letterheadother pages are of(1)and colorone thing a personal letter should(2):Using letterheadII. Matters needing attention as to typingidentical typeface and sizecorrect grammar and spellingneat arrangementuse of(3)to promote the

16、 appearance of the letterIII. Sections of a traditional business letter(1)_(2)_(3) _A. Return address(4) _justifying each linenormally putting it at the topexcluding(4)B. Date of the letter(5)_ white spacebetween the return address andthe date is(5)nowadaysC. Inside address(6)_consisting of receiver

17、 s name and his/her address(7)_D. Ways to(6)the intended recipientE. Main part(8)_both indented paragraphs and block paragraphs are(7)(9)_fully squared paragraphs should be cautiously(8)F. ClosingG. Typed writer s namesignature is above the typed name while job title is below it(10)_IV . Supplementa

18、ry requirementsputting “cc”at the bottom when(9)are necessaryputting the initials of the professional typistnoting enclosuresresisting templates which are usually(10)refusing “Office Bob ”答疑解惑Mini-Lecture 1【聽力原文】Good morning, everyone! As we can see, everyday people throw out lots of food because it

19、s gone bad. It is really a huge waste. So in todays lecture, we will discuss several ways to prolong the time before foods spoil.According to Money magazine, the average household tosses【答案解析】1. $2750【解析】講座的開始首先簡單地提到了每天人們都扔掉大量變質(zhì)的食物的情況，講座中提到一個每周消費(fèi)可判斷答out, on average, 14 percent of the food they buy.

20、Thats nearly double what we threw out 20 years ago. If the typical family of four spends $182 a week, thats $25 lost per week and approximately $1,325 per year.Now let s begin our discussion about ways you keep that food in your frig and money in your pocket. In today s lecture, we mainly focus on s

21、everal most common kinds of food.Firstly, I d like to introduce methods to keep herbs fresh. You know herbs tend to be expensive, and you usually have to buy more than you need for one dish, so you want to make them last as long as possible. The best way to keep herbs fresh is to store them in whole

22、 bunches. First wash them, then seal them in zip lock bags and place them in the freezer. Storing them this way should keep them at peak freshness for up to a month. Thats more than double the time they would last in the fridge. And when you are ready to use them, youll find they are actually easier

23、 to chop frozen and theyll defrost in a hurry once you toss them into a hot pan.Secondly, we will talk about flour, rice and pasta which arent foods you typically have to worry about going bad anytime soon. Flour keeps for 6-12 months and pasta up to two years. But these foods are susceptible to lit

24、tle bugs called weevils. To help ward off the weevils try slipping a bay leaf into your storage container. The scent of the bay leave will help repel the bugs. Other items bay leaves will protect are barley, cornmeal and oatmeal. Most cereal products will be just fine for months with the bay leaves

25、to protect them. Also consider scattering a few leaves on your pantry shelves to repel moths, roaches and mice.The third category I want to discuss is cheese. You probably never thought about putting butter on your cheese, but thats the key to keeping it moist when storing it in the refrigerator. Si

26、mply spread butter or margarine on the cut sides and you help seal in the moisture. This trick works best on hard cheeses sealed in wax.Next, we are going to see ways to keep veggies fresh. The reason these veggies wilt is due to water loss. The best way to re-crisp them is by putting them in ice wa

27、ter. You can let them soak in the ice water for up to a half hour. The ice water penetrates their cells and helps restore the crunch. Some foodies also suggest that tossing in a few slices of raw potato with the wilted veggies helps speed things up the re-crisping.The fifth class which is an indispe

28、nsable and vital element的四口之家每年會因為丟棄的食物浪費(fèi)掉$ 1325。故可以推斷消費(fèi) $370 的四口之家一年要浪費(fèi)的是消費(fèi) $185 家庭的兩倍，即 $2750。2. in whole bunches【解析】本題所在處考查對草藥的保存。 由講座中的 The best way to keep herbs fresh is to store them in whole bunches 可知答案為 in whole bunches。3. washing the herbs/washing them【解析】本題設(shè)題處依然是草藥的保存方法。講座中條理清晰地講了草藥的保存方法

29、，首先要wash them, 然后裝入密封袋內(nèi)，之后放入冰箱。故可知裝入密封袋前先要清洗草藥， 答案為 washingthe herbs 或 washing them 。4. cereal products【解析】本題所在處考查對米面類食物的保存。由講座中的 Most cereal products willbe just fineformonths withthe bay leaves to protect them案為cerealproducts。5. hard cheese【解析】本題所在處針對奶酪的保鮮設(shè)題。講座中提到在奶酪的切面涂上黃油對奶酪保鮮作用很大。后來又提到Thistrick

30、worksbest onhard cheeses sealed in wax,由此可將答案簡化為 hard cheese。6. keep it dry【解析】本題針對鹽的保鮮設(shè)題。由講座中的The keyhere is to keep the salt dry，可知食鹽保存的關(guān)鍵在于保持to human health is salt. The key here is to keep the salt dry and keep it from clumping together. Anybody that lives down south where the humidity is partic

31、ularly high probably has had their salt shakers clogged up. If you put a little bit of dry rice in the shaker it will stop the salt from hardening. The rice works like a sponge, absorbing condensation that can cause clumps.Then the next food we are talking is something that can be stocked up. One st

32、aple you can stock up on when its on sale is butter. If you shop in warehouse stores, such as Costco, dont be afraid to buy it in bulk. Butter will keep in your freezer for up to six months. Just be sure to store it in an airtight container or you run the risk of it taking on the flavor of other ite

33、ms in your freezer.The next tip I will give goes for both cottage cheese and sour cream neither have a very long shelf life, so here is a way to make them last longer. Simply place the cottage cheese or sour cream container in the fridge upside down. What does that do? By inverting the tub it create

34、s a vacuum effect that stifles the growth of bacteria that can cause the food to spoil.Before we move to the next variety, here is a question:What is the only food that doesnt spoil? The answer: honey. The sugar in honey is itself a preservative. Honey is also acidic, which helps to keep bacteria ou

35、t. While it doesnt go bad, all honey will crystallize at some point. But dont toss it out. The crystals are just sugar and with a little gentle warming you can make the honey clear again. Try microwaving it on medium heat for 30 seconds at a time.Now let s come to the last category. If you are ever

36、unsure of the freshness of your eggs maybe you dont quite trust the date on the carton theres a simple way to test the freshness. Fill up a container with water and place the eggs in it. Fresh eggs will sink; bad or spoiled eggs will float. According to the USDA website, an egg can float in water wh

37、en its air cell has enlarged sufficiently to keep it buoyant. This means the egg is old, but it may be perfectly safe to use. Crack the egg into a bowl and examine it for an off-odor or unusual appearance before deciding to use or discard it. A spoiled egg will have an unpleasant odor when you break

38、 open the shell, either when raw or cooked.OK, to sum up, in today s lecture, we talk about the ways to keep several varieties of food fresh. I do hope the tips given in the lecture will be of some help in your daily life. Thank you for your attention!鹽的干燥，故答案為keep itdry 。7. dry rice【解析】本題設(shè)題點依然是鹽的保存

39、。 由講座中的 If you put a little bit of dry rice in the shaker it will stop the salt from hardening 可知干燥的大米可以防止食鹽變硬，故答案為dry rice 。8. The sugar【解析】本題針對有關(guān)蜂蜜的一些知識設(shè)題。講座中提到蜂蜜是唯一不會變質(zhì)的食物，接著講到蜂蜜不會變壞的原因，講座提到蜂蜜中的糖 本 身 就 是 防 腐 劑 （ a preservative），可見使蜂蜜不會變質(zhì)的就是其中的糖，故可推斷答案為 the sugar。9. a little warming【解析】本題考查點依然是蜂蜜的

40、保鮮知識。講座中提到蜂蜜有時會結(jié)晶，但是千萬不要將結(jié)晶的蜂蜜扔掉。接著提到了對付結(jié)晶的方法，由講座中的 with a littlegentle warming you can makethe honey clear again 可知只需稍微加熱，蜂蜜就會重新變清，故答案可簡化為a littlewarming 。10. an unpleasant odor【解析】本題所在處針對雞蛋的保存設(shè)題。根據(jù)常識我們知道壞掉的雞蛋打開后會有難聞的怪味， 且由講座中Aspoiledeggwillhaveanunpleasantodorwhenyoubreak open the shell，可確定答案為 an

41、unpleasant odor。Mini-Lecture 2【聽力原文】Good morning, everyone. I believe that some of English majors wanna work for foreign trade companies after graduation. So today I will focus on English business letter format which are very useful.When a business that has letterhead stationery writes a business le

42、tter, the first page of the letter uses paper with the printed letterhead and 1succeeding pages, if any, use matching quality and color sheets without the letterhead. A business with very good quality printing might generate the letterhead graphic with an image embedded in a word processor document.

43、 2An individual normally wont use letterhead stationery and wont attempt to fake it. An attempt at letterhead that produces a tacky result or that conveys pompousness produces effects that you want to avoid.In a business letter, everything that you type should be in the same typeface and in the same

44、 font size. You should use formal English and you should very carefully check your grammar and spelling. You should arrange things neatly. 3You should consider the appearance of the letter at arms length as well as close up use white space to produce an attractive sheet.In a conventional business le

45、tter you should see these parts, in order top to bottom.The first part is return address. This item is the postal address of the author of the letter. Each line of it is left justified either at a tab stop that puts the information toward the right side of the page or at the left margin. Normally th

46、e return address is at the top of the page, but you can move it down a little to improve over-all appearance. 4Do not put email addresses here if you need to convey an email address, do it in the body of the letter.The second part is the date of the letter. It is aligned with the return address. 5Fo

47、rmerly there was never white space between the return address and the date, but some current styles allow blank lines.The third item, inside address, duplicates what goes on the envelope. It has the formal name of the intended recipient of the letter and that persons postal address. Each【答案解析】1. mat

48、ching/similar quality【解析】本講座圍繞英語商務(wù)信函的格式展開，內(nèi)容分為信紙要求、書寫要求、信函內(nèi)容、以及附屬要求四部分。本題所在處涉及信紙要求的第二點，即第一頁之后的部分用質(zhì)量和顏色與第一頁相配的信紙，因此答案為matching/similar quality 。2. avoid【解析】本題所在處涉及信紙要求的最后一點，即個人一般不會用 letterhead stationery( 帶箋頭的信紙 )，因為私人信件用這種信紙會 給 人 俗 氣 (produces a tackyresult)、故意炫耀的印象 (conveys pompousness)，因而應(yīng)避免，即avoi

49、d 。3. white space【解析】本題所在處涉及書寫要求的最后一點，即留出空白以使信件更引人注目(use white spaceto produce an attractive sheet) ，所以答案為white space。4. email address【解析】本題所在處涉及信函內(nèi)容的第一點： return address 回信地址。在這一點最后，演講者提到， Do not put email addresses here if you need to convey an email address, do it in the body of the letter ，因此回信地址

50、應(yīng)不包括 email address 。注意 exclude 是對講座中否定表達(dá)的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。5. allowed/allowable【解析】本題所在處涉及信函內(nèi)容的第二點：date of the letter 寫信日期。講座中提到，F(xiàn)ormerlytherewasneverwhitespaceline of the inside address is left justified at the left margin.No email addresses appear here. You can put blank lines between the date and the inside a

51、ddress to fill the page better and to improve the arms length appearance.6Next comes the salutation. This item formally addresses the recipient. If the addressee is not a friend, you should write Dear Mr. Brown or Dear Mrs. Smith orDear Ms. Jones or Dear Dr. Greene or the like. A letter to a close a

52、ssociate might say Dear Mike or Dear Sally.There is at least one line ofwhite space between theinside address and the salutation. You can put a little moreto improve the over-all appearance.The fifth part is the core of the letter the body. Thebody is single spaced. Ordinarilythebodycontainsmorethan

53、 one paragraph. Avoidboth extremelyshort and verylong paragraphs.7You can use either indented paragraphs in which thefirst line is indented more than the rest or block paragraphsin which all lines beginat theleftmargin. Withblockparagraphs youmustleave extrawhitespace betweenparagraphs one blank line or one emptyparagra