1、中考初中英語主要時態系列講座（五）現在完成時精講及練習（含答案）考點一：現在完成時的基本用法現在完成時表示過去發生的動作對現在的影響，還表示動作從過去某時開始，一直延續到現在， 并有可能延續下去。現在完成時是中考英語中重要的時態考查對象，且現在完成時對我們中國學生而言 比較難以掌握。因此，本講座主要以表格的形式簡化對現在完成時的理解。表（一）：現在完成時的基本句式注基肯定句否定句一般疑問句意：現本在完成時句主語 +have(has)+v-ed主語 +have(has)+not+v-edHave(Has)主語 +v-ed？特別提醒要求式句中的 I have worked in the以1使sch

2、ool for about ten years. The train hasn't arrived Have you read the當句子主THJ用novel ?你讀過這部小說過我在這所學校工作了約yet.火車還沒有到達。嗎？語為第三去分示10 年了。人稱單數詞 We haven t seen the movie形 Has she had dinner的時候，現式。動例 She has already finishedbefore.我們以前沒有看過這yet?她已經吃過晚飯了在完成時詞過the work .她已經完成了工口 D 電 Aijy o嗎？的助動詞去分作。使用has。詞分為規則

3、與不規則兩種形式，規則動詞的過去分詞變化規則與動詞過去式相同，而不規則動詞的過去分詞則須逐一 記憶，詳細見課本或考綱后附的不規則動詞表。這里就不再列出。表（二）：現在完成時的用法與對應的時間狀語。用法對應時間狀語示例特別提醒（1）表不過去發 生的動作對現 在造成的影響 和結果already（已 經）， just（剛才）,yet（然 而）,ever（曾經）， never（從不），so far（到現在為止）， up till now（至I現在The high-speed train has justleft高鐵剛離開。 We haven' t met each other before.我

4、們以前相符沒有見過面。 Villagers have planted over 1,000要求句中的謂語動詞為非延續性動詞為止），recently（最 近），lately（最近）， before（以 前）,in thepast（last） years 在過去的年里）等trees on the hill so far.至 U 目前為止, 村民們已經在山上植了 1,000多棵 樹。（2）表不動作從 過去開始一直 持續到現在， 并有可能繼續 下去“for +時間段”“since+表過去的時間點或時間 段” She has lived here for over 30 years.她在這兒已經居住了

5、30多 年了。 I have taught English in the school since 1999.從 1999 年起，我 在這所學校工作 They have worked in the hospital since he left medical college.他從 醫學院畢業就在這家醫院工作。如果現在完成時的時間狀語為“for +時間段"或"since+表 過去的時間點或時間段”，則動 詞須為延續性動詞。非延續性動詞用于現在完成 時的否定句，也可與“for +時間 段"或"since+表過去的時間點 或時間段”連用，如 We haven&

6、#39; t seen him for a long time.我們已 經很久沒有看見過他了。用“for+短時間”可以與 "since+：去時間點或段"進行轉換，如： He has studied English since 10 years ago.=He has studied English for 10 years.他學英語已經10年了。【典型考例1（2019 江蘇鎮江）-The drama series The Thunder （破冰行動）hits screens these days.-Oh. What a pity! I any of them yet,A.

7、doesn't watchB. didn't watchC. won't watch D. haven't watched根Do【析】正確答案D。句意是：連續劇破冰行動這些日子上映了。哦，真可惜！我一節也沒有看過。 據句末的副詞yet可知，到目前說話人還沒有觀看，因此，用現在完成時。所以，正確答案為【典型考例2】(2019 北京) Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.A. changes B. changedC. will change D. has changed【析】正確

8、答案D。句意是：從2017年起，我們的校園生活發生了巨大變化。我們現在有了更多的活動 了。根據句末的時間狀語since 2017可知，表示動作從過去一直延續到現在，應使用現在完成時。所以，正確答案為Do考點二： have(has)gone to,have(has) been to與 have(has)been at(in)的區另U句型意義示例特別提醒(1)主語 +have(has)gone to+地點去了某地(不在出發地) Frank has gone to London.弗蘭克去了倫 敦。 They have gone to Shanghai.他們去了上 海。have(has) gone t

9、o 如果后 面接地點副詞there連用 時，不用to。(2)主語 +have(has)been to +地點去過某地(現在已經回到出發地) She has been to China.她去過中國。 We have been toXi' a我們去過西安。have been to 常與 twice (兩次)，several times(幾 次)，ever(曾經)或 never(從未)等詞組或副 詞搭配(3 ) 主語 +have(has) beenat(in)+ 地點到了某地多久The old man has been inout village for 10 years.這位老人到我們村已

10、經10 年了。have(has) been at(in)須與表示段的時間狀語連用。【典型考例1(2019 廣西百色)Neither my sister nor I been to Xi ' an before.A.have never B.have ever C.has never D.has ever【析】正確答案Bo句意是：我和我姐姐以前都沒有去過西安。Neither.nor.意思是“既不也不”表示否定意義，因此不可再使用否定副詞never。Neither.nor連接兩個不同的詞作句子主語時，謂語動詞與nor后的主語保持人稱、數上的一致，人稱代詞I須與現在完成時的助動詞have連用

11、，所以，正確答案為B。【典型考例2】（2019 四川遂寧）-Where is your uncle?-He America and he New York for two weeks.A.has been to; has been inB.has gone to; will stay inC.has been in; has been toD.has stayed in ; has gone to【析】正確答案：B。句意是：你舅舅在哪兒？他到美國去了，他將在紐約呆兩周。Has gone to意思是“去了某地"；has been to意思是"去過某地"；has be

12、en in意思是“到了某地”。根據句意可知，說話人的舅舅 現在不在出發地，因此應選用has gone to。"在紐約呆兩周”須使用延續性動詞 stay才可與段時間狀語for two weeks （兩周）連用，因此，本題的正確答案為B。考點三：非延續性動詞的主要用法所謂非延續性動詞，又稱瞬間動詞或終止性動詞，表示極短暫的動作，沒有持續的時間長度。非延續性動詞不能和表示段時間的for短語或since短語（從句）連用，也不能出現在how long引導的疑問句中， 但可以和already, never, just, ever, before等連用。那么，非延續性動詞怎樣與段時間連用呢？見下表

13、。表（一）：非延續性動詞與段時間連用的方法方法示例（1）用段時間+ag。”替換“for敕時間”，動詞使用 一般過去時。They left their hometown three years ago.三年前，他 們離開了他們的家鄉。（2） It ' s段時間+since+從句（從句動詞用一般過去時）It is three years since they left their hometown.他彳門離 開家鄉已將3年了。（3）段時間+has passed since +從句（從句動詞用一般過去時）Three years has passed since they left their

14、 hometown.他們離開家鄉已將 3年了。（4）將非延續性動詞轉換為：be+形容詞或副詞The movie started 10 minutes ago.=The movie has been on for 10 minutes.(start/begin=be on)電影10分鐘前已經開始了。（5）非延續性動詞轉換為同義的延續性動詞He borrowed the book one week ago.=He has kept the book for one week.他借了 這本書一周了。b borrowfkeep）表（二）：非延續性動詞轉換為延續性動詞或短語對應表begin （start

15、）-©rib e 開始）go there-be thef去那兒）come back - be bac k 回來）come here - be her e 至 U 這兒來）open- be open （打開）close - be close d關閉）die - dea d 死）marry - be married （結婚）finish - be ov er完成）go to bed - be in b edt 床）leave - be awa y 離開）return- be ba cM 回）get out - be out （外出、出去）fall asleep - be asleep 覺

16、）lose -be lo st 丟失）fall illf be 推病）join（become）get（arrive. reach）f be （n/速、抵達）be in / be a member of （參力口）borrow f kee船）put on - wear / be on穿）become f be 幀為）get to know - know（識）buy - have（own）（買）catch a cold - have a cod 甯）receive - have至U）go to sleep - sle ep）borrow f kee船）put on - wear / be on穿）

17、become f be 幀為）get to know - know（識）buy- have（own）（買）catch a cold - have a cod 甯）【典型考例1receive - have至U）go to sleepsleep（睡覺）（2019江蘇南通）Is everyone here, Jonathan?-No. Sir. Millie is absent. She for two days. A. has fallen illB. has been illC. fell illD. was ill【析】正確答案Bo句意是：喬納森，人到齊了嗎？老師，沒有。米莉缺席了。她生病已經

18、兩天了。Fallill與be ill都表示“生病”，但fall ill為非延續性動詞，在現在完成時中不可與段時間連用，須轉換為be ill才可以，所以，正確答案為Bo【典型考例2】2 2019 廣西玉林） -Jenny, your new tape player looks great.-Oh, it ' s not new. I it for three years.A.buyB.have hadC.bought D.have bought【析】正確答案：Bo句意是：詹妮，你的新隨身聽看上很不錯啊！哦，它不是新的。我已經買了 3年了。 非延續性動詞buy在現在完成時中，不可與段時間狀

19、語連用， 因此，須轉換為延續性同義動詞 have或own。 所以，正確答案為 B。【強化練習】一、根據漢語意義或首字母提示，寫出正確單詞。1. （2019 四川廣安） I haven ' t收到來信）from Sally before.2. （2019 浙江杭州） .I ' m very hungry . I haven aeything since 7:00 this morning3. 2 2019 廣西北部灣經濟開發區）Bob and Jim have been good friends（自從）they joined the sametennis team.二、用所給單詞

20、的正確形式填空1. ( 2019 山東青島)The writer is so popular that he(sell) more than 200,000 books so far.2. (2019 江蘇連云港)-I(have a fever)since last night.-You' d better go to see a doctor.3. ( 2019 江蘇泰州) So far, the couple(not change) their flat since they had a second child.4. ( 2019 甘肅蘭州)Jim has never(be) t

21、o Mount Tai in China.5. （2019貴州安順）Sandy borrowed the novel from the library last week and(keep) it for 5 days.6. （2019湖北鄂州）Cathy and Linda(not be) back to their hometown for two years.7. （2019江蘇南通）-Can you go walking in the park with me, Daisy?-Sure. I (finish)my DIY project.、單項選擇1. （ 2019 山東臨沂）Melt

22、ing ice （融冰）can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels at a speedof 3.2 cm every 10 years.A. roseB. have risenC. rise2. （ 2019 安徽）It's ten years since we came here-How time flies! We in China for so long.A. workB. workedC. will workD. have worked3. （2019 江蘇泰州）-Have you ever been to Sha

23、nghai?-Of course. Actually, I there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.A. workedB. was workingC. would workD. have worked4. （ 20193胡d匕武漢） .I ate some fruit, which I since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden.A. have enjoyed B. enjoyedC. enjoyD.had enjoyed5. （ 2019 湖南郴州）-Where is Mr.

24、 Green?He the bookshop. You have to wait for him.A. was going to B. has gone toC. has been to6. （ 2019 廣東） My father in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.A. was working B. is workingC. has worked D. will work7. （ 2019 湖北襄陽）.- Why won' t we play basketball with

25、 Class 4 this afternoon?-Because they Longzhong for a study trip.A. have gone to B. have been toC. had gone to D. had been to8. （2019 湖北隨州） Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it?In July. I it for two weeks.A. hadB. have hadC. have bought D. bought9. （2019 江蘇淮安）-Where are the teachers now?-In

26、 the meeting room. They the meeting for 10 minutes.A. have begun B. have been on C. have had D. have been held 10. （2019 湖北黃岡）-Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days.A. has gone to-She Wuhan. She' ll be back next week.B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to11. （ 2019 湖南長沙）I a

27、broad for several years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move backto my motherland.A. am living B. livedC. have lived12. （2019 四川眉山）-Linda has to Paris. How can I get in touch with her?-Don' t worry. She will call you as soon as she there.A. been; will get B. been; gets C. gone;

28、will get D. gone; gets13. （2019 四川眉山）-Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?-In October. I it for two months.A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought14. （2019 福建）-Look! My mother a new dress for me.-Wow, it looks very nice on you.A.is makingB.has made C.will make15. （2019 呼和浩特）The shop in W

29、anda Square for six years, but I there so far.A.has opened; haven't goneB.has been open; haven't beenC.has been open; haven't goneD.has been opened; haven't been16. （2019 湖南湘潭）-Have you ever the Terracotta Army in Xi'an ?-Yes. I went there last year.A. gone toB.been toC.been in17

30、. （2019 北京）Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now .A. changesB. changedC. will changeD. has changed18. （2019 湖北宜昌）-What progress Huawei in recent years!-No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world.A.is makingB.has madeC. makesD. made19. （2019 貴州畢節） -How many letters

31、 you_ to your mother?-109 in all, since 2016.A. has, writtenB. have, writtenC. did, writeD. are, writing20. （2019 湖南湘西）-you ever Hong Kong -ZHuhai Macao Bridge ?-Not yet.A. Did; visitB.Are; visitC.Have , visited21. （2019 哈爾濱）-Hi, Tom!you ever the Bird 's Nest ?Yes, I have. It's fantastic.A.

32、Have, been toB.Have, gone to C. Did, go to22. （2019 黑龍江齊齊哈爾）As an exchange student, Alan Qiqihar for one and a half years.A.has been toB.has been inC.has gone to23. （2019 四川廣元）-How long have you your cap? It looks cool.-About two weeks.A. borrowedB. boughtC. had24. （2019 貴陽）Today, all the erhu maste

33、rs play and praise Erquan Yingyue . It one of China's nationaltreasure.A.becomesB.becameC.has become25 （2019 貴州黔西南）-How many letters you to your mother?109in all, since 2016A.has, written B.have; written C.did; writeD.are ; writing四、完成句子1. （2019 四川達州） China has been able to make big planes like

34、C919 with scientists ' great effects.China able to make big planes like C919 with scientists ' great effects?2. （2019遼寧盤錦）布朗（Brown） 一家人已經在上海生活10年了。3. （遼寧鐵嶺）復仇者聯盟4已經上映兩個月了。Avengers:Endgame for two months.56.4. （2019遼寧遼陽）他們已經采取行動挽救野生動物了嗎?Have they to save wild animals yet?Key:一、1.heard, 2eaten

35、, 3since二、1.has sold, 2.have had a fever, 3.haven't changed , 4.been, 5.has kept, 6.haven't been, 7.have finished三、1-5BDDAB; 6-10CABBA;1115CDCBD; 16-20BDBBC; 21-25ABCCB四、1.Has, been2 . The Browns/ The Brown family have been/ lived in Shanghai for 10 years/ since 10 years ago.3 .has been on4

36、.taken action一、英語閱讀理解專項練習試卷1 .閱讀理解“Please take my penny, “ said Maggie to old Dan, the fisherman, who sat on a bench repairing his nets.Her brother Andrew drew her back, whispering,“ Maggie, he is ot!a)beggar (But Maggie paid no attention. " Please take it, " she said again. Old Dan smiled

37、, and took it." Thamiss, “ he said, “It is kindly meant. ”After that, Maggie went to the beach to gather shells. She never thought how fast the hours were passing until being tired. She sat down on a rock. Soon she was scared because the sea water was going up. She wanted to go home, but she fo

38、und the places she had gone down easily very difficult to climb up. The stones were wet and smooth. What could poor Maggie do? She felt sad and cried.Luckily, Dan's large dog Rover jumped down from a rock! Rover raised his loud bark. The fisherman had taken his nets to the top of the cliffs ( 懸崖

39、),and was laying them out in the sun when he heard the loud barking of a dog. He felt sure that it was Rover, and Rover was in trouble, so he looked over. There he saw it all.“Bless her! It is the little one that was so kind -spoken to me this morning! ” he cried, and he hurried to his sons' roo

40、ms.“Quick, boys, quick! ” he said." Get toohefbstato and sea. There is a poor child there just waitingto be helped. " The fishermen lost no time, and soon little Maggie and Rover were rowed safely to land! Old Dan was waiting there to lift her out to give her into her mother's arms.“It

41、 was the penny that did it, madam,“ he said to Mrs. Weston later."I saw Rover looking at her vthe penny. And I am thinking he had been looking after her all the day.”Some years later, Rover came to Maggie's home with a little note, in which was written “ Will Maggie help Rover? his master i

42、s dead. ”11) Who rowed Maggie to land safely?A. Rover.B. Old Dan.C. Old Dan's sons.D. Andrew.(2) What we can guess from the end of the story?A. Maggie refused to be Rover's new master.B. Rover felt sad about Mrs. Western's death.C. Rover lived with Old Dan until his master died.D. Maggie

43、 became Rover's master at once after she was saved.(3) What can we learn from the passage?A. One kind act brings another.B. You should act and speak the same kindly.C. One person's pleasure may be another's pain.D. People often forget what is really important in our lives.(4) Which of th

44、e following is the best title for the passage?A. Rover and his masterB. Rover's new friendC. What the brave dog didD. What Maggie's penny did【答案】(1) CC(3) A(4) D【解析】【分析】這是一篇以麥姬的硬幣引發的感人故事。最初善良的麥姬以為老漁夫是乞丐送給了他一便士硬幣，當麥姬在海灘上遇到危險時，漁夫的狗羅孚及時呼救”，在老漁夫兒子的幫助下才脫離了險境。最后，老漁夫臨去世前又把狗托付給麥姬收養，詮釋了當施恩于別人的時候，也會得到

45、別人的恩賜與幫助 的道理。(1) C細節理解題。根據文章第三段中的句子"Quickboys, quick! " he said. "Get to the boat, and row fast tothe sea. Old Dan was waiting there to lift her out to give her into her mother's arms. 可知， 是丹的兒子把麥姬成 功解救出來！答案為Co(2) C細節推理題。根據短文最后一句"Will Maggie help Rover?his master is deadS夫丹一直

46、與他的狗羅孚生活在一起，直到他臨去世前把狗托付給麥姬，麥姬的硬幣感動了漁夫，漁夫的狗羅孚也在麥姬遇到 危險時幫助了她，麥姬不接納羅孚顯然不合理，A答案不正確，故正確答案Co(3) A主旨大意題。根據文章內容可知， 最初善良的麥姬以為老漁夫是乞丐送給了他一便士硬幣，當麥姬 在海灘上遇到危險時，漁夫的狗羅孚及時呼救”，在老漁夫兒子的幫助下才脫離了險境。詮釋了當施恩于別人的時候，也會得到別人的恩賜與幫助的道理。故答案A最符合題意。(4) D標題歸納題。縱觀全文可以發現，是麥姬給老漁夫丹白一便士硬幣引出了這個感人的故事。故D答案最合理。【點評】第3小題是考查作者的寫作意圖，適合用捕捉主旨大意來解題。所

47、謂主旨大意，也就是文章的中 心思想，主題思想，中心觀點，它常常針對文章的主題，作者的寫作意圖，文章段落的中心思想進行提問，這類題也叫歸納概括題。做這道題時，必須在通讀全文的基礎上，準確把握短文的主旨大意，作者傳遞著 一種善有善報”的思想，詮釋了當施恩于別人的時候，也會得到別人的恩賜與幫助的道理。故A答案最符合題意。2 .閱讀理解Last weekend, I took Lucy to a park, where she discovered a track with large bumps( 凸塊)and sharp tums. At first, I thought Lucy was abl

48、e to ride her bike along the track, but she quickly found that her bike was too low to the ground and kept getting stuck on top of the bump.Lucy looked at me with fear because she was still a biking newbie. I tried to encourage her too, but really, I was thinking this is going to be a disaster. Not

49、because I thought she would get hurt. More because I thought she wouldn't be able to pick up enough speed to balance, then get really discouraged, and give up quickly. J imagined her throwing her bicycle to the ground and then crying all the way home.But I was only half right. Lucy did have a lo

50、t of trouble riding the bike. She couldn't find her balance. She fell many times. At one point, she almost started crying because younger kids were getting angry that she was slowing everyone else down. But she did not give up. She kept picking herself up and trying again. She even took the bike

51、 off the track and into the main park to practice pushing off and picking up speed on a flat ground. When she felt more confident, she came back. Then she did it over and over again until she finally reached her goal of going around the whole track without falling once. Then she didn't want to l

52、eave and everyone was cheering her on.This was not a day that ended in a disaster. It was a day when Lucy learned that perseverance pays off.(1) Why was Lucy taken to the park last weekend ?A. TO play other kids.B. To discover a track for fun.C. To find her speed was too slow.D. To ride her bike alo

53、ng the track.(2) What does the underlined sentence probably mean in Paragraph 2 ?A. Lucy would get hurt and cry all the way home.B. Lucy would fear to ride the bike and get discouraged.C. Lucy would lose balance and slow the younger kids down.D. Lucy would have trouble riding the bike and give up so

54、on.(3) What did Lucy take the bike into the main park for ?A. Being cheered on by everyone.B. Getting practice in an easier way.C. Feeling more confident and coming back.D. Reaching her goal of riding the bike at once.(4) Which one is the right order of the events?a. Lucy fell and got up lots of tim

55、es.b. Lucy picked up speed on a flat ground.C. Lucy found her bike was too low for the bumps.d. Lucy rode her bike around the whole track without falling once.A. abc d. B. c b ad.h C. c- ab d. D. aC bd.5 5) What is the best title of the passage ?A. Playing in the Park Is FunB. Perseverance Pays offC

56、. Don't Be Afraid of Fall inD. Riding Bikes Is Art【答案】(1) DD(3) B(4) C(5) B【解析】【分析】文章大意：上周末，我帶露西去了一個公園，起初，我以為露西能沿著跑道騎自行車， 但她很快發現她的自行車離地太低，一直卡在顛簸的路面上。因為她還是個騎自行車的新手，我認為她很 快就放棄了。但我只對了一半。露西騎自行車確實有很多困難。她找不到平衡。她摔倒了很多次。有一次，她幾乎哭了起來，但她沒有放棄。她不斷地振作起來，再試一次。這不是以災難告終的一天。有一天，露 西知道堅持是有回報的。(1)細節理解題。根據 At first, I thought Lucy was able to ride her bike along the track, but she quickly found that her bike w