1、高考資源網 5. 動詞 1） 表示動作中狀態的詞叫做動詞。 2） 根據其在句中的功能，動詞可分為四類，分別是：實義動詞、系動詞、助動詞、情態動詞。 說明：有些情況下，有些動詞是兼類詞。例如： We are having a meeting. 我們正在開會。（have是實義動詞。） He has gone to New York.他已去紐約。（have是助動詞。） 3） 動詞根據其后是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動詞、不及物動詞，英語縮寫形式分別為vt. 和vi.。 說明：同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞，有時可用作不及物動詞。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又

2、能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物動詞。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物動詞。） 4） 動詞根據是否受主語的人稱和數的限制，可分兩類，分別是：限定動詞、非限定動詞例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主語she的限制，故用第三人稱單數形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想學好英語。（to learn不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動詞。） 說明：英語中共有三種非限定動詞，分別是：動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞。 5） 根據動詞

3、的組成形式，可分為三類，分別是：單字詞、短語動詞、動詞短語例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英語里有許多短語動詞和動詞短語。（contains是單字動詞。） Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 學生們學會查字典。（look up是短語動詞。） The young ought to take care of the old. 年輕人應照料老人。（take care of是動詞短語。） 6） 動詞有五種形

4、態，分別是：原形、第三人稱單數形式、過去式、過去分詞、現在分詞。 5.1 系動詞 系動詞亦稱聯系動詞（Link Verb），作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補語），構成系表結構說明主語的狀況、性質、特征等情況。說明：有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語。例如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系動詞，后跟補足語，說明主語情況。） He fell off the ladder. 他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。 1）狀態系動詞 用來表示主語狀態，只有be一詞。例如： He is a

5、 teacher.他是一名教師。（is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。） 2）持續系動詞 用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。 3）表像系動詞 用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。例如： He looks tired. 他看起來很累。 He seems （to be） very sad. 他

6、看起來很傷心。 4）感官系動詞 感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。 This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。 5）變化系動詞 這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富

7、了。 6）終止系動詞 表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達"證實"，"變成"之意。例如： The rumor proved false.這謠言證實有假。 The search proved difficult.搜查證實很難。 His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結果） 5.2 助動詞 1）協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞的詞叫助動詞。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞。助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用。例如： He doesn't like English.他不喜歡

8、英語。 （doesn't是助動詞，無詞義；like是主要動詞，有詞義） 2） 助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來： A. 表示時態。例如： He is singing.他在唱歌。 He has got married.他已結婚。 B. 表示語態。例如： He was sent to England.他被派往英國。 C. 構成疑問句。例如： Do you like college life?你喜歡大學生活嗎？ Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎？ D. 與否定副詞not合用，構成否定句。例如： I don&#

9、39;t like him. 我不喜歡他。 e. 加強語氣。例如： Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。 He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。 3） 最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。 5.3 助動詞be的用法 1） be +現在分詞，構成進行時態。例如： They are having a meeting.他們正在開會。 English is becoming more and more important. 英語現在越來越重要。 2）be

10、+ 過去分詞，構成被動語態。例如： The window was broken by Tom.窗戶是湯姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英語。 3） be + 動詞不定式，可表示下列內容： A. 表示最近、未來的計劃或安排。例如： He is to go to New York next week.他下周要去紐約。 We are to teach the freshmen.我們要教新生。 說明： 這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時態表達法。 B. 表示命令。例如： You are to explain this.對此你要做出解釋。

11、 He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午來辦公室。 c.征求意見。例如： How am I to answer him?我該怎樣答復他？ Who is to go there?誰該去那兒呢？ D. 表示相約、商定。例如： We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合。 5.4 助動詞have的用法 1）have +過去分詞，構成完成時態。例如： He has left for London.他已去了倫敦。 By the end of

12、 last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未為止，他們已經完成工作的一半。 2）have + been +現在分詞，構成完成進行時。例如： I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在學英語，已達十年之久。 3）have +been +過去分詞，構成完成式被動語態。例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中國教英語已經多年。 5.5 助動詞do 的用法 1）構成一般疑問句。例如： Do you want to pa

13、ss the CET?你想通過大學英語測試嗎？ Did you study German?你們學過德語嗎？ 2）do + not 構成否定句。例如： I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批評。 He doesn't like to study. 他不想學習。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 過去，好多學生不知道英語的重要性。 3） 構成否定祈使句。例如： Don't go there.不要去那里。 Don't be so absent

14、-minded.不要這么心不在焉。 說明： 構成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。 4）放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣。例如： Do come to my birthday party.一定來參加我的生日宴會。 I did go there.我確實去那兒了。 I do miss you.我確實想你。 5）用于倒裝句。例如： Never did I hear of such a thing. 我從未聽說過這樣的事情。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 進了大學以后，我

15、們才認識到英語的重要性。 說明： 引導此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。 6）用作代動詞。例如： - Do you like Beijing?-你喜歡北京嗎？ - Yes, I do.-是的，喜歡。（do用作代動詞，代替like Beijing.） He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何開車，對吧？ 5.6 助動詞shall和will的用法 shall和will作為助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構成一般將來時。例如： I shall study harder a

16、t English. 我將更加努力地學習英語。 He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。 說明：在過去的語法中，語法學家說shall用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱。現在，尤其是在口語中，will常用于第一人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動詞的意義，已變為情態動詞，試比較: He shall come.他必須來。（shall有命令的意味。） He will come.他要來。（will只與動詞原形構成一般將來時。） 5.7 助動詞should, would的用法 1）should無詞義，只是shall的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將

17、來時，只用于第一人稱。例如： I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話，問他我下周干什么。 比較："What shall I do next week?" I asked. "我下周干什么？"我問道。 可以說，shall變成間接引語時，變成了should。 2） would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，用于第二、第三人稱。例如： He said he would come. 他說他要來。 比較："I will go,&

18、quot; he said. 他說："我要去那兒。"變成間接引語，就成了He said he would come。原來的will變成would，go變成了come.。 5.8 短語動詞 動詞加小品構成的起動詞作用的短語叫短語動詞。例如： Turn off the radio.把收音機關上。（turn off是短語動詞） 短語動詞的構成基本有下列幾種： 1）動詞+副詞，如：black out； 2）動詞+介詞，如：look into； 3）動詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構成短語動詞的副詞和介詞都統稱為小品詞。 5.9 非謂語動詞 在句子中充當除謂語以

19、外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式，動名詞，和分詞（分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞）。 1）不定式 時態語態 主動 被動 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 2）動名詞 時態語態 主動 被動 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 3）分詞 時態語態 主動 被動 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定形式： not +不定式，not + 動名詞，no

20、t + 現在分詞 5.10 助動詞練習 1.If it is fine tomorrow, we _ a football match. A. haveB. will haveC. hasD. shall has 2.When he was at school, he _ early and take a walk before breakfast. A. will riseB. shall riseB. should rise would rise 3.In the past 30 years China _ great advances in the socialist revolutio

21、n and socialist construction. A. has madeB. have madeC. had madeD. having made 4.I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work. A. dont/hadB. didnt/haveC. didnt/hadD. dont/have 5._ you think he _ back by dinner time? A. Do/have comeB. Did/will have comeC. Does/will comeD. Do/will have come 6.He said that

22、 he dropped his bag when he _ for the bus. A. was runingB. was runningC. were runningD. is running 7.No sooner _ he arrived home than he _ to start on another journey. A. has/was askedB. have/were askedC. had/is askedD. had/was asked 8.“_ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the

23、 hotel. A. ShouldB. CanC. MightD. May 9.There are nine of them, so _ get into the car at the same time. A. they may not at allB. all they may notC. they cant allD. all they cant 10.“We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He _ it.” A. mustnt attendB. cannot have attended c. would have not atten

24、dedD. neednt have attended 11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, dont you?” “No, officer. I _. This car cant do more than 80.” A. didnt need to beB. may not have beenC. couldnt have beenD. neednt have been 12.he was a good runner so he _ escape from the police. A. mightB. succeeded toC.

25、wouldD. was able to 13.If they _, our plan will fall flat. a.are co-operatingB. had not co-operatedC. wont co-operateD. didnt co-operate 14.I hoped _ my letter. A. her to answerB. that she would answerC. that she answersD. her answering 15.He _ live in the country than in the city. A. prefersB. like

26、s toC. had betterD. would rather 16._ to see a film with us today? A. Did you likeB. Would you likeC. Will you likeD. Have you liked 17.Im sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _ what I did. A. must doB. had to doC. ought to have doneD. have to do 18.“Time is running out,_?” A. hadnt we better g

27、ot startB. hadnt we better get start b. hadnt we better get startedD. hadnt we better not started 19.No one _ that to his face. A. dares sayB. dares sayingC. dare sayD. dare to say 20.The students in the classroom _ not to make so much noise. A. needB. oughtC. mustD. dare 21.You _ last week if you w

28、ere really serious about your work. A. ought to comeB. ought to be comingC. ought have comeD. ought to have come 22.The elephants ought _ hours ago by the keepers. A. to be fedB. to feedC. to being fedD. to have been fed 23.“I wonder why theyre late.” “They _ the train.” A. can have missedB. could m

29、issC. may have missedD. might miss 24.“Tom graduated from college at a very young age.” “He _ have been an outstanding student.” A. mustB. couldC. shouldD. might 25.You _ the examination again since you had already passed it. A. neednt have takenB. didnt need to takeC. neednt takeD. mustnt take 26.H

30、e is really incompetent! The letter _ yesterday. A. should be finished typingB. must be finished typing b. must have finished typingC. should have been finished typing 27.The boy told his father that he would rather _ an astronaut. A. becomeB. to becomeC. becomingD. became 28.When we reached the sta

31、tion, the train had still not arrived; so we _. A. needed not to hurryB. neednt have hurried c.need not to have hurriedD. didnt need to hurry 29.Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend,_ you like to have dinner with us tonight? A. willB. wontC. wouldntD. do 30.He was afraid what he h

32、ad done _ a disastrous effect on his career. A. might haveB. could beC. have beenD. shall be 31.He _ hardly say anything more, since you know about it. A. dont need toB. needntC. needsD. need 32.You _ the look on his face when he won the prize. A. would have seenB. should have seenC. must seeD. can

33、be seeing 33.Some people think the stock market will crash, but _. A. I wonder if it happensB. I doubt if it will happen c. I am afraid it wouldnt happenD. I doubt if it does happen 34.“Whatever has happened to George?” “I dont know. He _ lost.” A. can have gotB. may have gotC. might getD. could get

34、 35.He has no idea what the book is about. He _read the book. A. couldntB. couldnt haveC. mightnt haveD. shouldnt have 36.New studies show that two of Saturns rings _ longer than the 4.5 billion years since the birth of the Solar System. A. could have lastedB. should have lastedC. would have lastedD

35、. must be lasting 37.Take the telescope with you in case you _ it in your expedition. A. will needB. would needC. should needD. could need 38.Need he come at once? Yes, he _. A. mustB. must notC. needD. may 39.Please answer the phone. It _ be by your father. If it is, would you tell that I want to s

36、ee him? A. willB. shouldC. wouldD. could 40.Well never give in whatever they _ say or do. A. mayB. willC. shallD. should 41.With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night. A. mustnt goB. wouldnt goC. oughtnt goD. shouldnt have gone 42.Everyone _ the cake because there wasnt even a small p

37、iece left. A. must likeB. must have likedC. must have been likingD. had liked 43.I wish to recollect where I met her, _? A. would IB. may IC. may not ID. can I 44.I _ think he will _ dare the risk. A. not/ .B. do/notC. ./notD. dont/. 45.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it

38、 _ be active. A. may notB. mustC. mightD. is not 46.You _ your seats today if you want to go to the game. A. had better to reserveB. had better reserve c. had to better reserveD. had to reserve better 47.I _ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. A. would rather not haveB. would not rather

39、 had b. rather would not haveD. rather not would have 48.Many scientists _ their own eyes and ears than the theories of the ancients. A. would rather to believeB. would rather believe c. rather would believeD. will rather believe 49.To travel from England to Scotland you _ a passport. A. havent gotB

40、. mustnt haveC. needntD. dont need 50.One of the statements _ to be untrue. A. is turned outB. has turned outC. have been turned outD. have turned out 51.I dont know whether it will rain or not, but if it _ rain, I shall stay at home. A. willB. didC. doesD. shall 52.“Youd like some tea,_?” A. wouldn

41、t youB. shouldnt youC. hadnt youD. didnt you 53.“May we take the books out?” A. No, you may notB. No, you can notC. No, you cantD. Please dont 54.“I would have come sooner, but I _ that you were waiting.” A. didnt knowB. hasnt knownC. hadnt knowD. havent known 55.If you dont want to, you _ to get th

42、ere with us. A. mustntB. cantC. dont haveD. have not 56.I would go to visit them but I _ think they are anxious to see me. A. haventB. dontC. doesntD. didnt 57.Whatever you can do,_. A. I can do so as wellB. I can do this as well b.I can do it as wellD. I can do as well 58._- I realized the conseque

43、nces I would never have contemplated getting involved. A. HadB. HaveC. HavingD. Has 59.“Perhaps she is working for John.” “Yes, she _ for him.” a.need have been workingB. may be working b.ought have been workingD. ought be working 60.“I know she was in because I heard her radio, but she didnt open t

44、he door.” “She _ the bell.” A. may not be hearingB. may not have heard b.must not have heardD. must not be hearing 61. “He was smoking.” “Then he _ .” a.ought to have been not smokingB. ought to have not been smoking b.ought not to have been smokingD. ought to not have been smoking 62.You _ out yest

45、erday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold. A. oughtnt have goneB. shouldnt have goneC. mustnt have goneD. cant have gone 63.“Paul was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he was hit by the trailer of a lorry.” “He _ a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed.” A. shouldnt have

46、been ridingB. couldnt have been riding c.oughtnt have been ridingD. cant have been riding 64.I am listening. But you _. A. need be listeningB. should be listeningC. need have been listeningD. ought be listening 65.He _ with us last night. a.would have liked to goB. should like to be going b.should be liked to goD. would like to go 66.I _ his face when he opened the letter. A. should like you to seeB. would have liked you to be seen b.should l