1、【賓語從句】在英語中，有簡單句(只含一個謂語動詞)、并列句(用連詞連接，含不止一個謂語動詞)和復合句(含從句)。本節課我們復習復合句里面的賓語從句。如：She knows that he will come back soon.Im afraid that I cant go to your party.1. 賓語從句的【引導詞】 賓語從句的引導詞分三種。(1) 如果從句是陳述句，引導詞用that.（that 在口語中常省略）主句：He says.從句：He is tired of playing computer games. He says that he is tired of play

2、ing computer games.(2) 如果從句是一般疑問句，引導詞用if/whether，表示“是否”。主句：I dont know從句：Does Tom likes fish? I dont know if / whether Tom likes fish.【注意】 whether 引導的從句常與 or not 連用，而 if 不能； 賓語從句可簡化為whether to do 的搭配，而沒有 if to do 這種搭配.如：Could you tell me whether I should finish my homework today or not?Could you tel

3、l me whether to finish my homework today?【拓展】if 有兩個意思：1. 表示“是否”，引導的是賓語從句。動詞的時態視情況而定。2. 表示“如果”，引導的是條件狀語從句，時態用一般現在時表示將來（遵循“主將從現”規則）。經典例題：-Do you know if Tom (go) hiking with us ?-Im not sure. But if he (go), I will take many photos with him .(3) 如果從句是特殊疑問句，直接用該疑問詞來引導。主句：Do you know從句：what does he want

4、 to buy?Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要買什么嗎？2. 賓語從句的【時態】(1) 當主句是一般現在時，從句根據情況使用任何時態如：She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已經完成了我的作業。Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他將會什么時候回來？(2) 當主句是一般過去時，從句應使用過去的某時態如：He said that she was singing. 他說她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had

5、finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已經完成了作業。Did you know when he would come back? 你知道他將會什么時候回來？【注意】格言和客觀真理總是用一般現在時。如：She told me yesterday (that) the earth travels around the sun.3. 賓語從句的【語序】 賓語從句要用陳述語序。(而不是疑問語氣)如：Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave? I dont know

6、. I dont know when he left China.【特殊情況】Whats wrong with?作賓語從句不需變語序Whats the matter with?如：Whats wrong with him? I dont know.I dont know whats wrong with him.4. 賓語從句的【否定轉移】在英語里通常不會出現 “I think (that) he isnt right.”而會把否定轉移到主句中 “I dont think (that) he is right.”5. 賓語從句的【虛擬語氣】在含有假設、猜想、建議等意思的動詞( 如 advice

7、, suggest, insist, require, request 等 )后，賓語從句要用“should + 動詞原形”結構，should 常省略。如：I suggest that he (should) study harder. 【這就是為什么study 用原形】【定語從句】 一定義：在復合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。二特點：1.先行詞：定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞2. 關聯詞： 1）引出定語從句，并作從句的一個成分。可作主語、賓語、定語、狀語，作賓語可省略。 2）關聯詞包括關系代詞和關系副詞。關聯詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間。關系代詞：that, which, who, wh

8、om, w代ho指se先行詞。關系副詞：when, where, wh作y 時間狀語。三基本結構：先行詞+關聯詞+定語從句剩余部分四關系代詞的用法：1. tha和t whichthat指人或物，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。Which 指物，不指人，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets. The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.注意：The room in which I live is ve在ry介b詞ig后.面(不能

9、用 that)2.只能用that不能用 which引導的定語從句：1) 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時，定語從句只能用thatThis is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard. 2）先行詞被序數詞修飾時，定語從句只能用thatThe children lhiekesetcond lesson that is about “The Football Match”. 3）先行詞被the onl，ythe very或 the same等修飾，定語從句只能用 that引導。 It is the only word (that) I kn

10、ow in the passage.Where is the very book (that) I bought just now? This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.4）先行詞為everythin，gsomethin，g anythin，g al，l none，much，litt，lefew 等不定代詞時，定語從句只能用that I want everything (that) I want.I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me las

11、t week.5)先行詞被不定代詞 all, any, no, every, little, 修mu飾ch時, ，ma只ny能用 that Here is all the money (that) I have.6)先行詞是同時含有“人和物”的名詞時，定語從句只能用 thatI can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.7)定語從句所修飾的詞為 the one時，定語從句用 that引導 Is it the（otnhea）t you wan？t8）為了避免重復，在疑問詞who 之后，用tha

12、t引導定語從句 Who is the girl that won the first place?3. who和 whom who 指人，在句中作主語和賓語，作賓語可省略。Whom 指人，在句中只能作賓語，可省略，但在介詞后面不能省略。Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.介詞+關系代詞=關系副詞介詞+關系代詞（人只能用 whom,物只能用 which）=The doctor who/wh

13、om/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.五.關系副詞的用法：1. when 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.when=on which 2.where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。This is the house where I lived two years ago.3.why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞. Wedont know the rea

14、son why he was late for school.【狀語從句】狀語的功用：狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。以下是應當關于狀語從句的幾點注意：1.as if, as though兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反；有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。譯作“仿佛似的；好像似的”。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though)they never existed. He looks as if ( as though)he had be

15、en hit by lighting.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.2由 because 引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for 來代替。如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.3.though, although 引導的讓步狀語從句，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和 yet 可連用。 Although it

16、9;s raining, they are still working in the field.He is very old, but he still works very hard. Though the sore is healed, yet a scar may remain.4as, though 引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞原形提前)。Child as / though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 5“no matter 疑問詞”或“疑問詞ever”。高考對狀語從句的考查主要體

17、現在省略，時態的替代，語序的倒裝以及連詞的辨析四個方面。No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind.1成分的省略(1)在時間、地點、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句中，如果主語是it 或與主句的主語一致，且謂語動詞含有be 時，可把從句的主語和be 一起省略。Don't speak until (you are) spoken to.Do come to see me whenever (it is) possible.(2)在比較狀語從句中，可省略與主句相同的部分。 I k

18、now you more than he (knows you)Tom is two years older than Alice (is)(3)as (盡管)引導讓步狀語從句倒裝時，表語提前，且其前的冠詞要省略。 Hero as he is, he has shortcomings.2時態的替代(1)在時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中須用一般現在時替代一般將來時，用一般過去時替代過去將來時。 If it rains tomorrow, we won't go fishing.Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.(2)The more

19、.the more.句型中，前句起條件狀語從句作用，故用現在時表將來。 The harder you work, the greater progress you'll make.(3)after, before, as soon as 等連詞本身就暗示了時間的先后，因此可用一般過去時代替過去完成時，而不會產生時間上的混亂。I went to bed after I (had) finished my homework. The film star (had) left before the reporter arrived.He got down to work as soon as

20、 he (had) go to the factory. 3語序的倒裝(1)no sooner.than., hardly / scarcely / barely.when.句型中的主句常用過去完成時，從句常用一般過去時，且置于句首時主句要倒裝。No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.(2)so / such.that.，not until.置于句首時主句要倒裝。 So angry did she feel that she couldn't speak.Not until he told me the truth did I r

21、ealize what had happened. 4連詞的辨析。根據上下文的語意推斷屬于哪種狀語從句，然后選擇連詞。【補充】【連詞】連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞是連接主語與主語，謂語與謂語，句子與句子，分詞與分詞的詞，它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語法作用；而從屬連詞一般連接主句與從句，從句形式有名詞性從句，定語從句和狀語從句等。（一）并列連詞：并列連詞可用來連接詞與詞，詞組與詞組，分句與分句。常用的并列連詞有：and（和），as well as（既又）， both and（不但而且），not only but also（不但而且），not but（不是而是），neither nor（既不也不），either or（不是就是），or（或者），but