1、高中定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)1、定語(yǔ)從句在句中修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞，被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。 定語(yǔ)從句需用下列關(guān)聯(lián)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。它們起連詞作用，本身做從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，本身在從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)。 主要有 who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why 。 PS:what 不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.指人的關(guān)系代詞有who> whose whom that.指物的關(guān) 系代詞有 which、whose(=of which)、that.The old man who/whom /that we

2、visited yesterday is a famous artist.Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. (=The man who/whom/ that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaste r. I like the books which / that were writt

3、en by Lu Xun.The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)2、掌握以上關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的含義及使用時(shí)，要特別注

4、意以下幾點(diǎn)：1)指人時(shí)宜用who的情況：a.當(dāng)先行詞是 one, ones, anyone或 those , these時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用 who。The comrade I want to learn from isthe one who studies hard and works hard.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.Anyone who goes there will be punished.These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.b.

5、在there be開(kāi)頭的句子There ' a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning.There is a student who wants to see you.c.先行詞后有一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)。I met a foreignerin the city last week who could speak Chinese well.d. 一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是 that,另 一個(gè)宜用who,以免重復(fù)。The student that won the first prize is the monit

6、orwho works hards.e.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中。She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago.2）指物時(shí)宜用that的情況: i高中定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)a.當(dāng)先行詞為 all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。All that can be done has been done.b.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he h

7、ad seen abroad.c.當(dāng)先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞 who, what, which時(shí)或者句子以疑問(wèn)詞 who , what , which打頭時(shí)。Who that has such a home doesn ' t love it?d.先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí) 或者 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高 級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.This is the best that can be done now.e.當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the last, the same ,

8、 just, one of , any, every , few , little , no , all , one of 等修飾時(shí)。This is one of the very book that I am looking for.f.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)。Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.3)只能用which不能用that的情況。a.引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾某物或整個(gè)句子。Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.Tom came back late, which

9、 made his parents very angry.b.關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.c. that, those作主語(yǔ)時(shí)Those which are on the desk are English books.4)關(guān)系代詞as和which都能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句代表整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句首或句末，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句則不能位于句首。Which you know, he is a good man. () xAs you know, he is a good man. ( V)5)關(guān)系

10、副詞 when, where, why其含義相當(dāng)于 on which, in which , for which 等, 可以互換：The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st.I don ' t know the reason why /for which he didn' t come.6)whose指物時(shí)，可以與of which等結(jié)構(gòu)互換，但應(yīng)注意與冠詞的位置關(guān)系：This is the book the cover of which / of which the cover / whose cover is blue

11、.7）有時(shí)可用that代替關(guān)系副詞。在口語(yǔ)中常省略This is the reason (why / for which / that) he came late.8)先行詞是專有名詞、整個(gè)句子或世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的物質(zhì)名詞時(shí)，一般用非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾。The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big.9)在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間有無(wú)逗號(hào)有時(shí)會(huì)引起名義的變化：He said nothing that made her angry 他沒(méi)說(shuō)使她生氣的話。He said nothing, which made her angry.他一言不發(fā)，這使她很

12、生氣。10)部分短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞拆開(kāi)，在定語(yǔ)從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動(dòng)詞之后。Is this the book which she is looking for?The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping ' s son.11)先行詞前有such the same as時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不用that,但the same as表示同樣的,the same th膝示同一的。He knows as

13、 many people as are present at the meeting.Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.3、定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is the place where they lived before.It is in the place that they lived before.第一個(gè)句不為定語(yǔ)從句，where指代the place,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，第二 個(gè)句子為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)in the place, that沒(méi)有意義，把放回后面句子，句子 意思完整。Where is it that he found t

14、he lost watch?強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)疑問(wèn)副詞 where.) Where is the watch he found yesterday?定語(yǔ)從句，that 指代 the watch.)4、定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞Is this book the one that you bought yesterday?Is this the book that you bought yesterday?第一個(gè)句子中，this book是主句的主語(yǔ)，the one是先行詞。在第二個(gè)句子中 this是主句的主語(yǔ)，the book是先行詞。一定要避免出現(xiàn)：Is this book that you bought

15、 yesterday?5、定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，它對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用，而同位語(yǔ)從 句則相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)其前面的詞給予說(shuō)明或作進(jìn)一步解釋，即說(shuō)明該詞所表 示的具體內(nèi)容。例如：The news that we heard is not true.定語(yǔ)從句）The news that he won the prize is not true.（同位語(yǔ)從句）另：在“have no ide升從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，其從句都作idea的同位語(yǔ)。例如： I have no idea when she will be back.6. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：All the

16、students who study hard have passed.學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生都考試及格了。（只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒(méi)及格。）All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的學(xué)生都及格了，他們學(xué)習(xí)努力。（沒(méi)有人不及格，這些學(xué)生都很 努力。）在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)（如去掉，主句意 思就不完整或不正確。）從句與主句關(guān)系密切，不用逗號(hào)。譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，從 句譯在先行詞前，與先行詞用 的”連接。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明（如去掉，主句意 思仍清楚，不受影響。）從句與主句關(guān)系不十分密切，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。

17、 譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句放在主句后面。7. As和which的辨析關(guān)系。01.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snakefE何人者B看得出來(lái)，這頭象像 條蛇。O2.Tom didn ' t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry.Tom物理考試不及格，這使得他父親很生氣。這兩個(gè)例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個(gè)主句所表示的內(nèi)容。但有

18、兩點(diǎn)不同之處：a.在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于 主句的前面；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句的后面，不能 位于主句的前面。b.在意義上，as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯 為正如" 就像”，而which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果 關(guān)系，或which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。因此，在意思通順的情況 下，which可代替as,而as許多時(shí)候不能代替 which,如句O%【當(dāng)從句和主句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，用 as,反之則用which。She has married again, as was expected. She has

19、 married again, which was unexpected再如:1)He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again.正如我們所料，他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們?cè)缇土系降摹?)The street hasn ' t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty.街道好多星期沒(méi)有打掃了，因此整條街很臟。(不用as)3)The young man cheated his friend of much

20、 money, which was disgraceful.那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢財(cái)，這是不光彩的。(不 用as)4)He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.他每天運(yùn)動(dòng)，這對(duì)他的身體很有好處。(不用as)5)As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner.正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣，英語(yǔ)對(duì)于初學(xué)者說(shuō)，是相當(dāng)難學(xué)的。c . as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如 be known,

21、 be said, be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用 which作 主語(yǔ)。She has been late again, as was expected.Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.d. 在 such as r the same asas、as many /much as 等結(jié)構(gòu) 中,as不能用which代替。1)Such books as this are too difficult for beginners.這樣的書對(duì)于初學(xué)的 人來(lái)說(shuō)是太難了。=Books such as this ar

22、e =Books like this are 2)I live in the same building as he (does).我和他住再同一座大樓里。3)He knows as many people as are present at the meetings 認(rèn)識(shí)所有至怯I4)That day we all got up early as usual.那天我們和平時(shí)一樣，都起得很“One of the復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)情況8. “One of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，跟 定語(yǔ)從句所靠近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如：1) That

23、is one of the books that are required for study at school.2) This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.3) She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .4) This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties, 如果one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有the only、the v

24、ery 之類的限定 語(yǔ)，后面定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式，這是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句在意義上修飾的是one而不是那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：1)He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.修飾 the only one)He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.修飾 the teachers)2)This is the only one of the rooms that is free now.修飾 the only one)This is one o

25、f the rooms that are free now.修飾 rooms)9.由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。a. when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞多為表示時(shí)間概念的名詞。We can never forget the day when HongKong returned to our homeland. 我們永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記香港回歸祖國(guó)的那一天。b. where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞多為表示地點(diǎn)概念的名詞。The building w here you used to live has been pulled down.你過(guò)去住的樓房已經(jīng)被拆除了。c

26、.why在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞多為表示原因概念的名詞。We know the reason why he was very angry.我們知道他為什么那么生氣。This is the day when I joined the party/which he spent reading the books/which I still never forget.This is the place which we once visited/which I will never forget/which I am looking for/where I found the book.PS:關(guān)

27、系代詞與關(guān)系副詞之間并非毫無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)，兩者之間存在密切的聯(lián)系。1) .很多情況下關(guān)系副詞用 介詞+ which/whom”來(lái)代替，其中的介詞由先行詞或定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式來(lái)決定，例如：The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.=The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life. 見(jiàn)到這位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。I shall never forget those years when

28、 I lived with her.=I shall never forget those years during which I lived with her.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我跟她生活的那些歲月。This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.=This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held. 這是禮堂,醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)議將在此召開(kāi)。2) .并非先行詞表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)時(shí)都分別用 when或where來(lái)引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ) 從句，若關(guān)系詞在修飾表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的先行詞的定語(yǔ)

29、從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)等而不是狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用which或that引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句。例如： Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school? 你還記得我們一起在學(xué)校度過(guò)的那些日子嗎？先行詞the days表時(shí)間，但是其定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)而不是狀語(yǔ)，因此不能用when而應(yīng)該用which或that。3) . that有時(shí)可以代替定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系副詞when, where, why,且that常可以省略。例如：This is the time （when/that） he arrived.這是他

30、到達(dá)的時(shí)間。10.考題訓(xùn)練。考題 1 We are living in an age many things are done on computer.A. which B. that C. whose D. when解析 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞 age,其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。考題 2 The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care ofin that far*9 要B away village.A. until B. that C. when

31、D. where解析 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞 hours,其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。考題 3 It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. （2000 北京、安徽春）A. that B. while C. which D. when解析本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行 詞moment,其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)

32、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。考題 4 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small townhe grew up as a child. （1996）A. which B. where C. that D. when解析本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞 town,其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。考題 5 We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other plac

33、es,other visitors seldom go. （2002 d 匕京）A. what B. which C. where D. when解析本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行 詞some other places其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where考題 6 I walked in our garden,Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （2005 遼寧）A. which B. when C. where D. that解析本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修

34、飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞garden并在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞 where。考題 7 We re just trying to reach a poin both sides will sit downtogether and talk. (2006A. where B. that C. when D. which解析point可以理解成地點(diǎn)、位置，其后面的定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此下劃線處只能填入引導(dǎo)詞 where答案D C D B C C A11.定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)。1、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.A.

35、 which B. with C. with it D. with which2、 The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.A. of whom B. by that C. by whom D. by which3、The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see what it was going on inside the house.A. on which B. at which C. through whichD. in which4、The beautiful dr

36、ess Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.A. in which B. worn by C. through whichD. on which5、During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns 'A. that followedB. to followC. followingD. followed6、You may take anything useful .A. which you wantB. you want themC. wh

37、at you wantD. you want7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.A. likeB. thatC. as D. which8、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.A. of who B. of whom C. of which D. of them9、You can take any seat is free.A. in which B. thatC. where D. which10、Is there anything to you?A. that belong

38、B. which belongsC. that belongsD. that is belonged11、We hope to get such a tooJ he is using.A. where B. thatC. as D. which12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.A. till B. thatC. since D. which13、She hasn ' t got enough money she buys the rings.A. for which B. with w

39、hich C. thatD. which14、I ' ve read all the books were borrowed from the library.A. theyB. which C. /D. that15、This is the best hotel in the city I know.A. it B. where C. thatD. which16、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?A. it B. which C. /D. that17、The Second World War millions of people wer

40、e killed ended in 1945.A. on which B. where C. in that D. during which18、The train she was traveling was lateA. on thatB. for which C. on whichD. which19、 Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.A. on whichB. thatC. whenD. where20、I ' ll show you a store you may buy all

41、 you need.A. that, that B. which, thatC. where, which D. in which, /21、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.A. on which B. on that C. in whichD. which22、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday ?A. whyB. which C. for that D. for why23、 Is some German friends visited last

42、week ?A. this school whereB. this school oneC. this the schoolD. this school24、Is there any one in your class family is in the city.A. whose B. which C. who' s D. who25、Can you lend me the book the other day ?A. which you talkedB. that you talkedC. about that you talkedD. you talked about26、This

43、 is one of the best films this year.A. which has been shown B. that have been shownC. that have shownD. have been shown27、Do you know the man ?A. that I spokeB. I spoke toC. to who I spokeD. whom I spoke28、There are two thousand students in our school, are girls.A. two-thirds in whichB. two-thirds i

44、n themC. two-thirds of themD. of whom two thirds29、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.A. neither of themB. none of themC. neither of whichD. none of which30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.A. by it B. through which C. with that D. in which31、Do you know the reason he was late?A.

45、for which B. for what C. which D. that32、 has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.A. As B. That C. What D. Which33、John got beaten in the game, had been expected.A. whoB. what C. thatD. as34、They' re invented me to their party,_ is kind of them.A. thisB. thatC. whichD. as35、Crusoe

46、9; s dog became illdanied, made him very lonely.A. thisB. thatC. whichD. as36、There isn ' t so much noise in the country in big cities.A. as B. where C. which D. that37、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm.A. whoB. when C. where D. which38、Next month, you' ll be in your hometow

47、n, is coming.A. where B. when C. that D. which39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.A. which B. thatC. when D. /40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly inthe school.A. thatB. when C. whoD. whichH、Fill in the blanks :1、This is the professor taught me chemistry i

48、n 1980 .2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、This is the boy father died three years ago.4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the People ' s Republic of China was founded.7、

49、They work in a factory makes radio parts.10高中定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)8、They work in a factory radio parts are made.9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends.11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here.12、Sh

50、e is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends.13、 We ll put off the meeting till next week, we won' t be so busy.14、 The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、He was

51、 often late, made his teacher very angry.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.HI、 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5、The house stands at the place that t