1、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別 專題與練習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別專題與練習(xí)一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have （has）+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范 圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明句子的意義。2 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的行為對(duì)主語(yǔ)目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過(guò)去發(fā)生的某個(gè)行為 來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends.（現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過(guò)去的動(dòng)作）We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)

2、作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在）（D表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被Just、 already> yet等副詞修飾。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Tve Just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？我剛剛吃過(guò)。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）（2）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可 能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在這兒教書(shū)。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）I haven't se

3、en her for four years.我有四年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。（3）表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，常帶有 twice, ever,never, three times 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。3 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in 1990,three years ago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示 不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。a.用副詞already和yet。alr

4、eady 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。They haven finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。c.用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如just, before, up to

5、now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but 1 can not remember where.我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)。He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過(guò)那里三次了。d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today? -No, 1 haven't.今天你見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？我沒(méi)有。How many times hav

6、e you been there this year?今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven,t seen him for two years, 但是，像come,arrive, buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為“be (在)”等延 續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrive >be herebegin(start)>be ondie>be deadcome back 一be backle

7、ave >be awayfall ill(sick9 asleep)>be ilXsick asleep)get up be upgo out>be outfinish be overput on>wear 或 be onopen>be openjoin一be in 或 be a member of.close>be closedgo to school >be a studentborrow >keepbuy>havecatch(a cold)>have(a cold)get to know 一knowbegin to study

8、一studycome to work >work 等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年 了。His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。We have studied English for three years.我們(開(kāi)始)學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。4 .幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)(1) have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái) T

9、) ”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)?%常用于第三 人稱,前者可與 once ,never, several times 等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京 了。(2)如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有兩年了 o(

10、3)終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一 段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒。(4)表示行為或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用ford一段時(shí)間,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)。I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。I have lived here for 10 years.我在這已經(jīng)住了 10 年了。(5)在提問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用how longHow lon

11、g have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)，根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同，時(shí)態(tài)使用是不一樣 的。如：I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了 一周。I have lived here for a week by now.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。I will live here for a week next year.明年我會(huì)在這里住一周。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示

12、過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在 的關(guān)系。I have just been to London. I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的。1 .過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò) 去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2 .過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí) 間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday, last week,ago, inl980, in October, just now,具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning, tonight, t

13、his April, now, once, before, already, recently, lately現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)foi; since, so far, ever, never; Just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。舉

14、例:（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。她是昨天回來(lái)了。I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film.Why did you get up so early?Who hasn't handed in his paper?She has returned from Paris.She returned yesterday.（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）（三年前入團(tuán)，Joined為短暫行為。）He has been

15、 in the League for three years.He has been a League member for three years.He Joined the League three years ago.I have flnished my homework now.Will somebody go and get Dr. White?He's already been sent for.句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in I960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。(錯(cuò))Tom has written a lette

16、r to his parents last night.(對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習(xí)題L A.用 already 或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures? No, they haven't .2) Most of us have finished our compositions3) He said he hadn't visited the exhibition _8) 用 since 或 for1) We have learned five les

17、sons the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital last week.3) I have stayed at my aunt's two weeks>C.用 have gone 或 have been1) Where are the boy students? They to the school factory.2) Is your father in? No, he to Shenzhen.he ever there before ?Yes, he there several times3) He

18、 asked me if Ito Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that citybefore.2 .選擇填空LMother me a new coat vesterdav. I it on. It fits me well.A. had made.have triedB. made.have triedC. has made.triedD. made.tried2 "He to draw horses already”. “When _ he ?”

19、 " Last year "A. learned.hasB. learned.didC. has learned. .hasD. has learned. .did3 .Tom up into the tree. Look, he high up there !A. has got.is B. has climbed.wasC. got .was D. climbed.is4 .you the text yet ? Yes, we it two hours ago.A. DidcopydidB. Havre.copied.haveC. Have.copied.didD. D

20、id copyhad5 . "Why she angry ?” “Because he at her just nowA. did. .get.shoutedB. has.got. .shoutedC. did.get.has shoutedD. has.got.has shouted6 .you the film before ? Where you it ?A. Have .seen.did.see B. Did .see.did.watchC. Have.seen.have.seenD. Did .see.have.seen7 .Ybu me waiting for two h

21、ours* I for you since five.A. kept.waitedB. have kept.waitedC. kept.have waited D. have kept.have waited8 .Where John? To the library. He there for an hour.A.hasbeenhas gone B. hasgonehas beenC. did.go.wentD. did.be.went9 .the baby still? No, it crying.A. Has.criedhas stoppedB. Is.crying.stoppedC. D

22、id .cry.stoppedD> Is-.crying. .has stopped1. .1 the way. I here for quite many years.A. knew.have livedB. knew.liveC. know.have livedD. know.live11. vou ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Have.gone toB. Have.gone inC. Have.been to D. Have .been in12. My brother college for over three years.A. has gone

23、 toB- has been to C. has been inD. has been at13. Hethe Army bv the end of 1989. He in the army since then.A. joinedisB has joined.has beenC. had joined.is D. had joined has been14. By the time I back they up ten satellites.A. came.have sentB. camehad sent C. come.have sent D. had come.sent15. Jack

24、over five lessons by seven o'clock. Then he a rest.A. went.tookB. wenthad takenC. had gone.tookD. had gonehad taken16. We out by that time that he a spy for a long time.A. had foundhad been B. had found.was C. foundhad been D. found.was17. Before the news him, he to know about it.A. reaches.has

25、got B. reached. .had gotC. reached.got D. had reached.got18.1 him a second letter before I from him.A. wrote.heard B. wrotehad heard C. had written.heard D. have written.hear19. People that the soldiers fighting.A. sayhad stopped B. saidhas stoppedC. say.stoppedD. said.had stopped20. We in a good harvest because we enough rain.A. didn't get. .had had B. got.had had C. had got.had had D. got.hadn't had21. They for five hours when thev in New York.A. flewarrivedB. had flown.had arrivedC. flewhad arrivedD. had flown.arrived22. She that it for two days