1、2019-2020 年高考英語虛擬語氣和倒裝句型虛擬語氣是通過特殊的謂語動詞形式來表達的愿望、假設、懷疑、猜測或建議等語氣，它不表示客觀存在、虛擬語氣在單句中的用法常用來表示祝愿、采用固定的倒裝句式。例如:Long live the People s Republic of China!中華人民共和國萬歲!Mayhappy!e a good time!succeed!快樂！玩得愉快!成功！make progress!進步!、虛擬語氣在復合句中的用法:1.在非真實性條件句與主句中的用法條件從句主句一般過去時(be多用于were)would/should/could/might+動詞原形1)表示與

2、現在事實相反例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.如果我是你，我會接受邀請的。如果我有空，我就去那兒。2)與過去事實相反條件從句主句過去完成時would/should/could/might+havedone例如：If you had e earlier,you could nt/would n t havemissed the bus.如果你早點來，你就不會錯過那輛公共汽車了。If he had see n you yesterday,he would have retur nedyour book.如果他昨天見到了你，他就會還你的書

3、的3)與將來事實可能相反條件從句主句般過去時（be多用were）should do,were to dowould/should/could/might+動詞原形例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meetwould beput off.萬一明天下雨，運動會就推遲。（事實上明天下雨 的可能性不大。）If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,itwould break.萬一杯子掉下來會打碎的4）if的省略如果條件句中有were,had,should等助動

4、詞，可將if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首，來表達以if引導的條件句的相同意思。例女口 ：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet wouldbe put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have retur ned your book.5）條件句或主句的省略當有上下文或上下句中的語言環境暗示的時候， 表示虛擬語氣的 從句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重復。例如：-Why didn t you attend the party yesterday?- 1 woul

5、d/should have,but I was too busy the n.I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done itbetter.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）6）混合時間條件句與主句條件句與主句的動作發生的時間有先后之差， 應按各自動作時間 搭配好相應的結構形式。例女口 :If the teacher hadn t been ill yesterday,who could giveus a lecture no w?/lf you had reviewed the les

6、s on,you would an swer thequestio n now.7）含蓄條件句與主句即用without(=but for),or(else)代替if從句例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn greatprogress.there had n t bee nsuch great progress.2.在as if/as though引導的狀語從句中用法：在as if/as though引導的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用倒退一個時間段的方式來表達虛擬語氣。例如：The man speaks as if he were a foreig ner./T

7、he speaker told us a lotabout that country as though he had bee n there many times./They talkedas if they had been good friends for years.注：as if/as though從句中不一定都要用虛擬語氣。如果情況真實性、可能性很大，就要用正常時態來描繪。例如：It looks as ift have made such=Ifwe hadn噬匹心恥wouldnt have made3.在賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句中的用法:1)在wish后的賓語從句中的用法：A.

8、與過去事實相反的愿望：賓從謂語為“had done”形式。例如：I wish I had passed yesterdays exam.要是我昨天的考試及格了該多好。B.與現在事實相反的愿望：賓從謂語為“did”形式。例如：Hewishes he was as clever as you./l wish I had a large room to live in.C.表示將來愿望：賓從謂語用“would/could do”形式。例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,

9、order,insist等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語為“(should) do”形式。例如：Isuggest/propose/dema nd/request/require/order/insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.3)在 “It is (about/high) time+that從句”結構中，that從句的謂語用一般過去starte時或 “should do” 形式。例如：It is high time heshould他該開始了4)在表語從句、同位語從句中的用法：在it i

10、s going to rain.天看起來象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）suggestio n,proposal,request,requireme nt,advice等名詞后的表語從句、同位語從句中，謂語用“(should) do” 形式。例如：My suggestio n is that we (should) send a few rades to helpthe other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.虛擬語氣考點分析1. -Alice,why did n t you e yesterday?-1_,bu

11、t I had an un expected visitor. (NMET)A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析:此題A、D明顯不合上下文，因為乙方沒有去。B選項若為wouldhave則成立，可以理解為I would have e if I hadnt had anunexpected visitor.的簡略式。但此處是would,故應排除。只有wasgoing to可得體地表達“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造訪” 這一意思。2._If there were nosubjunctive,English_much easier.(NMET)A.will beB

12、.would have been C.could have beenD. would be析： 觀察題干， 可知全句表達的是與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣。 故 答案為D。3The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.(NMET)A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey析：根據insist后的賓語從句謂語要用(should) do形式規律， 可定正確答案是B。4I wish I _ you yesterday.A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see

13、析：此題表與過去事實相反的原望，答案應為C。5If he _ ,he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have takenC.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had nottaken析：從對話看，是表達與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為B。6._ Without electricity humanlife_

14、 quite different today.(NMET)A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be析：without引出一個含蓄條件句，主句表述的是與現在事實相反 的虛擬語氣，故答案為D。A.Had ;not bee nB.Should ;n ot beC.Did; not be7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as ifit_. (NMET)A.breaks B.has broke n C.were broke n D.had bee nbroke n析；放入水中的鉛筆看

15、上去是斷的，但實際上并非如此，因此是與 現在的事實相反，這時as if從句謂語要用一般過去時，故答案為G8._ You didn漢t let medrive.If we_ in turn,you _ so tired.(NMET)A.drove;did nt getB.drove;would nt getC.were driv in g;would nt get D.had drive n; would nt havegot析：觀察題干，可知if從句表述與過去事實相反的假設，因此答案只能是Do9. I didn漢t see your uncle at the party.If he_ ,he

16、wouldhave said hello tome.A.would e B.had e C.came D.did e析：觀察題目上下文，特別是第二句的主句謂語為would havesaid，可知if從句表述的是與過去事實相反的愿望，因此答案為B。10._ it_ for your help,I couldn匯t have made anyprogress.D.Not;be析：根據主句謂語形式，可知從句要用had done形式，故應選A，Had it not been for your help=If it had not been for your help.（要不是你幫忙的話）11Mr Sm

17、ith was badly ill,or he _ our dinner party.A.should e to B.would have attendedC.would e to D.should have attended析：or可引導含蓄條件句，表達虛擬語氣。根據此題內容，可知 是與過去事實相反的假設，故答案為B。倒裝句型 英語的倒裝有兩大類型：一、全部倒裝：指謂語全部置于主語之前的倒裝，有下列幾種情況：?、寸、,/ 1here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首時引起全部倒裝。例如：Here is a letter for y

18、ou./There goes the last train./The door opened,andin came Mr Smith./Away went the boy./Down came the rain and up wentthe umbrellas./Back came the others./Out rushed the boy with an apple inhis hand./Then camea noise like thunder./Now es the bus.a lovely day,is nt it?2.介詞短語或方位名詞詞組作地點狀語位于句首，引起全部倒裝。例如：

19、In the corner of the room sta nds a writ ingtable./South ofthe city lies a big factory./Under the bed lies a cat./Intheseocea ns live huge nu mbers of a small fish 5cm long.注：以上兩種完全倒裝主語必須是名詞，謂語常是表示方位或轉移 的不及物動詞，女口lie,live,sit,stand,be,e,go,rise,walk,run等，主語若是人稱代詞或謂語不屬上述動詞之列，則不用完全倒裝。例如:Here it rains a

20、 lot every month of the year./Here we are!/Off you go!/Then she went to the shop.3.在there be結構中，采用全部倒裝語序。例如:There is a book in the bag.表 系 主語4.代詞such作表語，意“這樣的人” “這樣的物”，應置于句首，其后全部倒裝。例如：Such were the facts./Such would be our home in the future.二、部分倒裝：指部分謂語（如助動詞、情態動詞）位于主語之前的倒裝。有下 列一些情況：1.一般疑問句， 選擇疑問句，

21、反意問句要求部分倒裝。 例如：Has hefini shedhis work?/It s2特殊疑問詞不作主語或不作主語的定語的特殊疑問句要求部分倒 裝。例如：When did you go there?/Which do you like best?3only修飾動詞、介詞短語、狀語從句，并置于句首時，主句中要 部分倒裝。例如：Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.注：“only+名詞/代詞”置于句首不要倒裝。例如：Only he can do it.(正) Only can he do it. (誤)4含有否定意義的副詞，如

22、：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句首時，要求部分倒裝。例如：Hardly can I believe that./Never has he been to the Great Wall./Seldomdoes shewrite to me.5.not onlybut(also)連接兩個分句，not only置于句首，它 所引導的這部分要部分倒裝，但but(also)部分不要倒裝。例如；Not only should we study science,but also we should pay attention topolitics

23、.注：若not onlybut(also)連接兩個主語，句子不要倒裝。6.not until引起一個短語或引導一個從句置于句首時， 主句中要 求部分倒裝。例如：Not until he was ten did he go to school./Not until yesterday did I realize what he was in.7. hardlywhen;no soonerthan句型中，若hardly,no sooner位于句首時，主句中要求部分倒裝。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang./No sooner h

24、ad hefinished his talkthan he was surrounded（包圍）bythe workers.8. so表“也”、“同樣”意，位于句首時，其后要部分倒裝。例如：You can swim,so can I./If you go,so will I.倒裝語序考點分析1.Not only _ polluted but _ crowded. （上海高考）A.was the city;were the streetsB.the city was;thestreets wereC.was the city;the streets were D.the city was;wer

25、e thestreets析：not only部分要部分倒裝，可排除B D。but（also）部分不要 倒裝，故C為正確答案。2.Little _about his own safety,though he was in greattroubledanger himself.（上海高考）A.does he care B.did he care C.he care D.he cared析：否定意義的Little在句首，該句要倒裝，故答案在A、B之中選擇一個，因A的時態不對，故答案為B。3.Only in this way_ progess in your English. (NMET)A.you

26、make B.ca n you make C.you be able to makeD.will you able to e析：Only修飾in this way置于句首，句子要部分倒裝，故答案 為B。4.Not until all the fish died in the river_how seriousthe pollution was.(NMET)A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realizedC.the villagers did realizeD.didn t the villagersrealize析：由于Not until

27、在句首，主句要采用部分倒裝，這樣先可排除B C,又由于D不應該用didn t,故A為正確答案。5.Be quick!_A.The bus es here B.The bus here esC.Here the bus es D.Here es the bus析：用一般現在時表示正在發生的動作出現在倒裝句中，所以此題答案為Do( =The bus is ing here.)6On the wall _ two large portraits. (NMET)A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging析：由于介詞短語on the wall位于句首，全句要采用完全倒裝 式，因為

28、主語是復數，所以正確答案為B。虛擬語氣、倒裝句型專練1. Little _ about what others think.A.he has cared B.he cares C.cared he D.does he care2._ got into the room _ the telephone rang. (NMET)A.He hardly had;then B.Hardly had he;whenC.He had not;than D.Not had he;when3.Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able tomaster

29、 the language.(上海高考)Ayou can B.can you C.you will D.will you4.If I _ him yesterday I _ him about it.A.saw;would askB.had seen;would have askedC.had seen;would ask D.saw;would have asked5.What do you think would happen if there _ no light during thedays?A.is B.will be C.were D.would be6. _ you succee

30、d in everyth ing and_ you be healthy.A.Hope;wish B.Wish;hope C.May;may D.Expect;hope7. But for your help,I_the place.A.can t find B.cant have found C.couldn t have foundD.haven t found8f her lawyer _ here last Sunday,he_ her from going.A.had been;would have prevented B.hadbeen;would preventC.were;wo

31、uldpreve ntD.were;would havepreve nted9f it had not been for the liberation,nochanges_ placein my hometow n.A.would have take n B.would have bee n take n C.willtake n D.will be take n10. _ late tommorrow,who would take her place?A.Should Miss Green e B.If Miss Green would eC.Miss Green should e D.If

32、 Miss Green es11. _ it_,the crops_be saved.A.Had;rai ned;could B.Should;rai n;wouldCf;rai ns;should D.Would;rai n;should12. The actor is over fifty.But he acts as if he_a young man.A.is B.will be C.should be D.were13.lt seems as if it_ already summer now.A.were B.be C.is D.had bee n14.1_wish I him t

33、he day before yesterday.A.saw B.could see C.had see n D.was see ing15.1 madethe suggestion that they _ the plan they had made.A.stick to B.stuck to C.i nsist D.i nsisted on16.It is suggested that a study pla n_right now.A.is made B.is to be made C.be made D.had been made17.They required that we_ the

34、m get in the crops.A.help B.helped C.were helpi ng D.would help18.She should have atte nded the class,but she_.A.hadn t B.hasn t C.did n t D.does n t19.It was ordered that no smoking_ in the library,which made the smokers unhappy.A.isforbidde nB.would permitC.be allowedD.should not be allowed2O.Not

35、once_his view of life.A.did the gen tlema n men ti on B.the gen tlema n men ti onedC.mentioned the gentleman D.does the gentleman mention21.ln the sun_ a group of young soldiers,g un in hand.A.did sta nd B.had stood C.sta ndingD.stoodYou forgot to hand in your homework yesterday.Good heavens! _.Here

36、 you are.A.So I did B.So did I C.I did,too D.So you have23._ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.A.Out did he rush B.Rushed he out C.Out rushed heD.Out he rushed24.No sooner _ finished the position _ the light wentout.A.I had;when B.I had;than C.had I;when D.had I;than25.It was not

37、 until _ to prepare his lessons.A. did his father e in that the boy beganB.his father came in that the boy beganC.did his father e in did the boy beginD.his father came in did the boy begin26._,so you are not a friend of mine.A.I never saw you before B.Never before I have seen youC.Never before have

38、 I seen you D.Never had I seen you before27.David has made great progress recently. _,and _. （上海高考）A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have youC.So has he;so have you D.So has he;so you have22.28. Never_till tomorrow what may be done today.A.put off B.do put off C.did you put off D.youwill put of

39、f29. -Have you writte n these letters?-No,_time to do any other work yet.A.hardly I have B.I have had hardlyChave hardly had Dhardly have had30. _ get such a pair of shoes for my son?A.Where do you think can I B.Do you think where can IC.Do you think where I can D.Where do you think I can31. The n_t

40、hat the en emy were gone.A.the n ews came B.came the n ews C.did the n ews eD.did e the news32. -What a beautiful bridge,_?Yes,_?A.is nt it;is n t it B.is it;is it C.is nt it;it isD.is it;it isn t33. AI ong the path_ ,on which_ Keep off the Grass”.A.stood some signs;were writtenB.stood somesig ns;wr

41、oteC.some sig ns stood;were writte nstood;wrote34._ He took a taxi so that hethere in time.A.was able to be B.got C.could get D.should get35.I xd rather Tom_tomorrow.Ae B.would e C.came D.will e36.lt is about time you_the medici ne,sir.A.will take B.should take C.must take D.are totake37.lf there_no

42、 electricity in the future,our life_cha nge a lot.A.will be;willB.is;willC.should be;wouldD.would be;would38. Without the mu nist Party there_ New Chi na.A.had n t bee n a B.is not a C.would be no D.wasn ot a39. There_ a lot of deer in the forest.A.have B.are C.is D.has40. From space_ like a huge wa

43、tercovered globe（球體）.Ao oks the earth B.does look the earthC.the earth looks D.does the earth lookD.some sig ns虛擬語氣、倒裝句型答案2019-2020 年高考英語虛擬語氣考點透視虛擬語氣是歷年高考的選考考點。考點常集中在含蓄條件句以及賓語從句中 的虛擬語氣上。所設選項常通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示， 而且都是結合具體 語境來考查對考點的運用能力。今后高考對虛擬語氣的命題重點仍會是在特定語 境中考查虛擬語氣中的含蓄虛擬條件句、賓語從句中的謂語動詞等。常考點清單虛擬條件句主句例句與現在l

44、f+主語+動詞的過去主語If I had time, I would attend the15 D B D B C 6C A1620 C A C C A 2110 C C A A A 111525 D A D D B 2630 C B A3135 B A A C C 3640 B C C B C事實相式（be動詞用were）+should/would/meeti ng.反的假設Could/might+動詞原形If I were you, I should seize theopport unity to go abroad.與過去主語If you had take n my advice, y

45、ou事實相If+主語+had+過去分+should/would/would not have failed in the反的假詞Could/might+have+ exams.設過去分詞與將來 事實相 反的假 設(1) If+主語+動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)If+主語+were to+動詞原形lf+主語+should+動詞原形主語+should/would/Could/might+動詞原形If you came tomorrow, we wouldhave the meeti ng.If it were to rain tomorrow, thesports meeti ng woul

46、d be put off.If he should not e tomorrow, weshould put off the meeting till next Mon day.考點一、條件句中虛擬語氣的用法1從句省略if,用倒裝句式were, had, should+主語”Were I in school aga in, I would work harder.Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, Iwould e.Without air, there w

47、ould be no liv ing thin gs. I would not have succeeded but for your help.有時條件從句中的動作和結果從句中的動作發生的時間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.考例1. _ he had not hurt his leg; John would have won the race. （0全國）A If B Since C though D When答案：A2. But for your help, we_ t

48、he work so soon. （01上海）A wonfinishB canfinishC would n tfi nishD could nhave fini shed答案: D考點二、wish引導的賓語從句中虛擬語氣的用法wish其后的賓語從句有以下三種虛擬語氣形式：動詞用過去式來說明與現在的事實相反（be動詞常用were）。例如：I wish I were as strong as youI wish I remembered his address2動詞用過去完成式說明與過去的事實相反。例如：We wish we had paid more attention to our pron

49、unciation我們以前要是能更注意我 們的發音就好了。He wished he had stayed at homme3情態動詞“would,could,might”等后接動詞原形，表示對將來的希望（通常不用should）。例如：I wish he would try againWe wish he could e考例Can you e to attend our party tonight?Sorry, but I do wish I _ .A. had B. can C. will D. could答案：D考點三、advise等引導的賓語從句 表示愿望、請求、建議等意義的動詞，當它們作

50、為謂語引導賓語從句時，從句謂 語必須為 “should+動詞原形”的形式。這類動詞有：ask, advise, mand, demand, desire, decide, intend, order, prefer, request, require, rem end,suggest等oHe ordered that the letter （should） be mailed at once.考例His suggestion that you _once more sounds reasonable.A. try B. tried C. must try D. can try答案：A解析：分析

51、句子意思可以知道，名詞suggestio n之后的從句為同位語從句，從句中應使用should+動詞原形。其中should可以省略。鞏固練習1. You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. came；would meet B. had e；would have metC. e；will meet D. had e；would met2. _ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should h

52、e have gone D. Had he gone3. If you were older, I _ you to go there yesterday.A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed4. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once.A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring5. I wish I _ able to tell him all about

53、it last night.A. was B. were C. had been D. should be6. If we _ here ten minutes earlier, we _ the bus.A. arrived；would catchB. arrived；would have caughtC. had arrived；had caught D. had arrived；would have caught7. If I _ more time, I would have gone with him.A. had B. had had C. have had D. would ha

54、ve8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting.A. would eB. came C. would have e D. had e9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _ right away.A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested10. Janes uncle insisted _ in this hotel any longer.A. n

55、ot staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not11. Dont touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _ you.A. would e to B. would e at C. would have e toward D. will e to12. Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be13. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try14. He demanded that the laboratory report _ immediately after the experiment was done.A. was written B.