1、百度文庫-讓每個人平等地提升自我短文改錯題方法指導做短文改錯題應注意以下幾個步驟：一、首先通讀短文，初步理解短文大意，同時改正一些較容易的錯誤。短文中的一些句子就其本身來看，無法確定劃線部分錯在何處，只有通讀全文，了解句子與句子之間的關系，特別是劃線部分與上下文的關系， 才能找出正確答案。 如： "When his mother was out, the telephone rang and Jimmy answered them." 句 中，只有讀懂句中劃線部分指上文中的z telephone ,才能寫出正確答案it。二、在通讀短文的基礎上，一句一句地仔細閱讀短文。（一）

2、從語法分析入手1）冠詞a; an; the或省冠詞（如不可數名詞）2）區別可數、不可數。若是可數名詞則應注意該單數還是復數（且注意復數的變化形式是否正確。3）形、副區別：判定該形還是副。注意形、副的比較等級（且注意變化形式）。4）代詞：區別人稱主格、賓格。區別形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞。區另U this / that、 these /those、one / ones、it / them 。不定代詞（區別二者與三者；單數還是復數；肯定還是否定）5）動詞：時態、語態（主謂一致、動詞各種變化形式是否正確）及非謂語形式一一不定式和動名詞。 動詞短語的固定形式（如 listen to與listen

3、）。 區別近義詞（如 hear與listen to）。6）數詞：判定該基數詞還是序數詞（以及序數詞的變化形式）。7）介詞：正確區別、運用介詞。8）連詞：正確區別、運用連詞。（二）從句子結構判定所用詞是否恰當（重點從句子成分的角度著手，該用何詞性）。（三）注意固定搭配（如 the way to）。三、用改正后的答案代替相應的劃線部分，從頭到尾反復閱讀短文，驗證改正的答案是否正確。中考英語短文改錯考點詳解及真題解析、一.中考英語短文改錯考點非謂語動詞錯誤非謂語動詞包括不定式、分詞、動名詞3種形式。如：（1） In 1943 Jacques Coustean and his friend made

4、it possible by invent the scuba machine.（杭州市中考題）/說明invent改為inventing , inventing是動名詞，作介詞 by的賓語。（2） Many people like travel by air , but Jim 's family think that traveling by train is the best.（ 杭州市中考題）說明travel改為to travel 或traveling ,不定式或動名詞作動詞 like 的動詞賓語。（3） Many countries began look for ways to

5、 go into space.（廣元市中考題 ）說明look改為looking 或to look ,不定式或動名詞作動詞began的動詞賓語（4） School children walked with their shirts, coasts and anything else they could find pullup over their noses.（蘇州市中考題 ）/說明pull改為pulled , "with+賓語+動詞的過去分詞"結構作伴隨狀語，with結構中賓語與動詞之間是邏輯被動關系。（5） The people of the desert have t

6、o keep move from place to place.（重慶市中考題 ）說明move改為moving, keep doing sth 有“繼續做某事”的意思。二.中考英語短文改錯考點比較等級錯誤(1) It is much cheap and far more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air.(杭州市中考題 )說明cheap改為cheaper , much, far , still '、'、a little , a bit 修飾形容詞或副詞的比較 級，加強語氣。(2) They made people healthier and

7、 live long.(廣元市中考題 )說明long改為比較級形式longer ,與healthier 是平行結構。形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指形容詞，副詞的混用。(3) Scientists wanted to see how good their bodies worked when they had different things.說明good改為well , well作副詞，修飾動詞 worked.(4) By this time most people had a very well life.(廣元市中考題 )說明well改為good, good作形容詞，修飾名詞life.三.中考英

8、語短文改錯考點句法錯誤1.并列連詞的混用(1) The world was known to man and the universe was not.(廣元市中考題 )說明根據行文邏輯，表示并列關系的and應改為表示轉折關系的but.(2) Coustean was very interested in diving deep into the sea , but wanted to be an explorer. (杭州市中考題)說明根據行文邏輯，表示轉折關系的but應改為表示并列關系的and.(3) They would never refuse to help people in tr

9、ouble, but they would give them food andwater.( 重慶市中考題)說明根據行文邏輯，表示表示轉折關系的but應改為表示并列關系的and.(4) He has been to many interesting places in Beijing , and he has not yet been to many other parts of China.(杭州市中考題)說明根據行文邏輯，表示并列關系的and應改為表示轉折關系的but.(5) “So something must be done to keep the air nice or clean

10、, “ said the scientists.( 蘇州市中考題) 說明根據行文邏輯，表示選擇關系的or應改為表示并列關系的and.(6) “I know only a chicken is too little for a king's evening meal. But I have broughta wolf for you besides the chicken. "(郴州市中考題 )說明根據行文邏輯，表示表示轉折關系的But應改為表示因果關系的So.2.連接詞的用法錯誤/這類錯誤考查句子與句子之間的關系。連接詞的使用錯誤往往會使句子的邏輯關系發生改變，甚至造成句子的

11、語義邏輯混亂' 要想把這類錯誤糾正出來，需要考生對上下文有總體的理解，頭腦中有個大概的框架。如：(1) They had a wonderful train ride to Chengdu after they went on to Mount Emei by bus.(杭州市中考題)說明根據句子的意思將after改為before ,表示“他們坐汽車去峨眉山之前，愉快地坐火車先到了成都”。(2) The result is that they eat a light breakfast, they will work better.(鎮江市中考題)說明在 that 后增加 if 或 w

12、hen.在表語從句 that if / whenthey eat a light breakfast , they will work better 中，包含有if或when引導的狀語從句，修飾句子 they will work better.句子翻譯成： (實驗)結果是如果他們少量地吃點早餐，會工作得更出色。(3) It's different from how people think.(鎮江市中考題)說明將how改為what, what people think是一個賓語從句，疑問代詞 what在從句中充當賓語,有“的”之意。四.中考英語短文改錯考點時態與語態錯誤1 .時態考點錯

13、誤時態錯誤幾乎是短文改錯中必設的改錯題類。要有目的地去檢查文中的每一個謂語動詞的時態與上下 文、語境以及該句的時間狀語是否相符和一致。如：(1) “You are my younger brother. You had it at first."(郴州市中考題杭州市中考題)說明had改為have,因為這是一個一般現在時態的句子。(2) Last week he goes to Mount Emei in Sichuan Province with his family.(說明goes改為went,與一般過去時態的時間狀語last week 保持一致。(3) Not too long

14、ago , people can 't go scuba di ving on Hainan Island , or anywhere else. (杭州市中考題)說明can 't改為 couldn ' t,與一般過去時態的時間狀語not too long ago保持一致。2 .語態考點錯誤漢語表達習慣上有時不加“被”字也能表示被動意義，因而有些考生對被動語態不敏感。如：(1) “Many thousands of trees must be plant every year , “ he said.(安徽省中考題)說明plant改為planted ,構成被動語態。(2

15、) “Sand can be sweeping into the air when there is a drought”(蘇州市中考題)說明sweeping改為swept,構成被動語態。(3) He also was liked to make videos.說明將was刪去，因為這不是一個被動句。五.中考英語短文改錯考點一致性錯誤1 .主謂一致句子的主語和謂語在人稱和數上不一致是改錯題型中最為常見的。如：(1) This were because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for a long

16、 time.( 杭州市中考題)說明指示代詞this作主語，謂語動詞用單數，因此將 were改為was.(2) The desert people is friendly.(重慶市中考題)'說明people作主語時，謂語動詞必須用復數，因此將 is改為are.2 .名詞單、復數與其修飾詞或上下文保持一致名詞的單、復數與其修飾詞語或上下文不一致也是中考常設的改錯題。做這類題目時要注意名詞是否 與其修飾語一致。如：(1) The animals are useful to the desert people in many way.(重慶市中考題 )/說明名詞 way改為ways,與前面的修

17、飾詞 many一致。(2) As he explored the sea , he took pictures and videos of many thing that people had never seen before.( 杭州市中考題 )說明thing改為things ,與前面的修飾詞 many一致。有的名詞一般不用復數形式，但受到某些量詞，如many, several , a number of , a variety of等修飾時，要變成復數形式。(3) They were given kinds of breakfast, and sometimes they got no

18、breakfast at all.(鎮江市中考題)/說明修飾語 kinds of 常修飾復數名詞，所以 breakfast 應改為breakfasts.表示事物類別時，名詞用復數形式。(4) School child walked with their shirts, coats and anything else they could find pulledup over their nose.（蘇州市中考題）說明child改為children ,表示名詞類別"學生"；nose 改成noses,與限定詞their保持一致。(5) The middle part of th

19、e 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease.（廣元市中考題）/說明disease改為diseases，表示名詞類別"疾病"。3 .代詞與其修飾的名詞或其先行詞保持一致（1） Too many trees have been cut this years.（蘇州市中考題 ）說明this改為these ,與后面的復數名詞 years保持一致。（2） They use camels for carrying water, food , tents and another things.（重慶市中考

20、題 ）說明another改為other ,因為another常修飾單數可數名詞。代詞的主要功能是指代前面出現過的名詞、詞組或一個意群，因此代詞一定要同它所指代的詞在單復 數、格或人稱上保持一致，這是代詞改錯的核心。（3） He bought a ship and used them to explore under the sea.（杭州市中考題 ）說明them改為it ,指代前面的單數名詞a ship.六.中考英語短文改錯考點固定搭配錯誤（1） When there is not more food for their animals, they move to another place.

21、（重慶市中考題）說明not改為no,固定詞組no more表示"不再"的意思。（2） It's because you become very hungry at noon that you eat too much for lunch.（鎮江市中考題）說明very改為so, so+形容詞/副詞+that結果狀語從句。（3） This was because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for long time.（ 杭州市中考題）說明fo門ong time 改為for

22、a long time ,表示"一段時間"。（4） Coustean was very interested on diving deep into the sea, 說明on改為in ,固定詞組be interested in表示"在（方面）有興趣"。這是一個介詞（固定搭配）方面的錯誤，介詞的誤用主要指介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配、介詞慣用詞組等方面產生的 錯誤。如：（5） On my way home , I found an old man walking in the front of me.（婁底市中考題 ）說明介詞短語in the fron

23、t of表示“在的前部"， 而in front of則表示"在的前面"。（6） We visited him at his workplace between the young trees and asked him about his work.（安徽省中考題）/說明between 改為 among, between 表示"兩者之間", 而 among貝U表示"三者或三者以上之中“。（7） And he ran slowly that he couldn't catch it.（婁底市中考題）說明在ran與slowly 兩

24、詞之間加so."七.中考英語短文改錯考點易混詞錯誤1 .混淆詞性的錯誤/詞性錯誤主要表現在形容詞、名詞、副詞的誤用上。考生做這類改錯題，要根據詞在句中所處的位置來確定其詞性是否正確。一般說來，形容詞修飾名詞，副詞修飾動詞，副詞修飾形容詞。如：（1） The animals are use to the desert people in many ways.（重慶市中考題 ）說明use改為useful , useful是形容詞，作表語。（2） The desert people are friend.（重慶市中考題 ）說明friend 改為friendly , friendly 是形容

25、詞，作表語。2 .混淆詞義的錯誤英語中有很多詞在拼寫上、語義上很相似，但是它們的用法卻迥然不同。如：（1） They must always watch for grass or desert plants for their animals.（重慶市中考題）說明watch改為look.兩個動詞都表示“看”的意思，但前者表示“很注意地”看，后者與介詞 for連用有“尋找”之意。/（2） We visited him at his workplace among the young trees and told him about his work.（安徽省中考題）說明told改為asked.根

26、據上下文，用asked "詢問"更合適。（3） The wind was blowing so hardly.（婁底市中考題）說明hardly改為hard ,這兩個詞詞形很接近，但它們表達的是不同的意思，hardly是否定副詞，有“幾乎不”的意思，而 hard則表示“猛烈地”之意。（4）z Weknow that the first part of the 20th century saw more large inventions : the helicopter in 1909 , movies with sound in 1926, the computer in 1

27、928 and the jet plane in 1930.（廣元市中考題）說明large改為表示“（體積）大”，而great則有“偉大的”的意思。3.混淆用法的錯誤還有一些在意義，概念上容易混淆、用錯的詞，如： such與so, ago與before , as與like , many 與much等。如：（1） Too much trees have been cut these years, making the sandstorm problem worse.（ 蘇州市中考題）說明much改為many,前者常用來修飾不可數名詞，后者修飾可數名詞。八.中考英語短文改錯考點時態動詞的時態要與時

28、間狀語或上下文的時態保持一致。例 1: The time passes quickly. Evening came. So all of us went home.分析：第二句動詞came及下文其他動詞的形式表示此處時態為一般過去時，所以 passes應改為 passed.例 2: Last Sunday , police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.'、分析：Last Sunday表明該句應用一般過去時，所以 hurry應改為hurried.例 3: Today it is much easier to be heal

29、thy than it is in the past.分析：in the past表示過去時間，is應改為was.例 4 ： I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.分析：從“but noW的邏輯性可看出，“現在我對足球感興趣，打乒乓球是在過去"，所以 use應改 為 used./ 九.中考英語短文改錯考點主謂一致與平行結構一、主謂一致謂語動詞的單復數形式要與句子的主語保持一致。例 1: Anyone may borrow books , and it co

30、st nothing to borrow them.分析：it為單數，且根據句子前面的時態可知為一般現在時，所以costi應改為costs.例 2: Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.分析： my picture and the prize 為復數，所以 is 應改為 are.二、平行結構在表達相互平行的概念時，要使用相同的語法結構，即動詞與動詞相配，形容詞與形容詞相配，分詞 與分詞相配，不定式與不定式相配。平行結構常借助 于and, but , or , not only - but also 等連 詞。例如：9Th

31、ere is no water and air on the moon.分析：在否定句中，并列成分的列舉用or 不用and.故將and 改為or.例 2： Li Ping is too young that he can 't join the army.分析：sothat意為"如此以致"，為固定句式，故將 too改為so.例 3 ： It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.分析：根據and的對稱性原則，應將 drove改為drive

32、,與前面的meet一致。十.中考英語短文改錯考點介詞考點介詞在單句改錯中主要考查介詞與動詞或副詞的誤用，以及在固定結構和習慣用法中的多余與遺漏。例如：例 1: There are too many people among my family.分析：among后應接復數名詞，而family為單數名詞，所以among應改為in.例 2: We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.分析：talk后邊無賓語，所以應刪去 about.例 3 ： I wanted to thank you for have me in your hom

33、e for the Summer holidays.分析：for為介詞，后接動名詞，have應改為having.例 4： So I 'm really sorry that I won ' t be able to come in this time.分析：this time 為習慣用法，前邊不可加介詞，故應去掉in.H一.中考英語短文改錯考點連詞考點連詞使用不當會造成上下句不銜接。英語中連詞按其性質可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。若句子為復合句，首先判斷是何種從句，然后根據主從句之間的關系判斷連接詞使用是否準確，是否有遺漏或多余現象；若句子為并列句則要判斷句與句之間的關系是并列、轉

34、折、選擇、遞進還是讓步關系。例如：例 1: The food was very expensive and the service was good.分析：前后語境為轉折關系，所以 and應改為but.例 2 ： It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.分析：認真分析語境可知該句句意為：當我們到達山腳時大約已是正午。顯然 noon后應加連詞when 來引導一個時間狀語從句。例 3： She was smiling but nodding at me.分析：smiling , nodding為遞進式并列關系，而不是轉折關系

35、，所以 but應改為and.例 4 ： It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.分析：該句句意為：看起來我的父母親把我當成了參觀者或客人了，所以and應改為or,表“或者”，屬選擇性邏輯關系。十二.中考英語短文改錯考點形容詞與副詞考點在單句改錯中，形容詞和副詞的設錯主要用來考查考生是否能根據形容詞、副詞在句中的位置及其他詞的修飾與被修飾關系來判斷詞的正確使用形式，是否能辨別形容詞和副詞的混淆使用，形容詞的比較等級是否使用正確等。例如：例 1 ： I 'm sure we' ll have a won

36、derfully time together.分析：time為名詞，應用形容詞修飾，所以 wonderfully 應改為wonderful.例 2 ： No one worries much about the radio programs young people listen to, although radioscan be very noise.、/分析：be為連系動詞，應用形容詞修飾，所以 noise 應改為noisy.例 3 ： He is taller than any student in his class.分析：同一范圍內，形容詞的比較級必須把自己排除掉，即自己不能與自己相比，故需在any后加 other.例 4: This box is very heavier than that one.分析：比較級前面一般不能用very , so, too , quite等作修飾詞，但為了表示比較級的程度，可以用much), a lot , a little , a bit , even, still 等作修飾詞，所以將句中的very去掉或將其改為 much等。十三.中考英語短文改錯考點代詞考點代詞的錯誤主要表現在是用賓格、主格還