1、真誠為您提供優質參考資料，若有不當之處，請指正。初二語法知識點講義 任課老師： 學生姓名： （一）過去進行時 過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內一直進行的動作。 1. 構成 was /were + doing，例如： I was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. at 9 oclock last night是時間點 They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon是時間段 2. 過去進行時的標志詞 at 8 oclock last night, this time y

2、esterday等。例如： I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。 At that time she was writing a book. 那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。）用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。 1. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（rea

3、d）a storybook. 4. She _ _（play）computer games while her mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _（have）a shower when you _（call）me yesterday. （二）一般將來時 一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （動詞原

4、形）結構：表示打算、準備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 結構表示將來的用法： 1. 表示預見 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意圖 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本構成如下：一般疑問句構成： （1）will+主語+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Su

5、nday? （2）there be 結構的一般疑問句：Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont 否定句構成：will + not （wont）+do Sarah wont come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑問句構成： 特殊疑問詞will主語？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根據例句，用will改寫下列各句 例：I dont feel well today. （be better tomorrow） Ill be be

6、tter tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _ 2. Im tired now. （sleep later） _ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _ 4. We cant leave right now. （leave a little later） _ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _ （三）should 和 can的用法： should用來提出建議

7、和忠告，后邊加動詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她經常開車，很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。 學習向別人提建議的幾種句式： （1）I think you sho

8、uld （2）Well, you could （3）Maybe you should （4）Why dont you? （5）What about doing sth.? （6）Youd better do sth. 用should或shouldnt填空 1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy so

9、me. 4. They didnt invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. Can 用來表示能力，允許，請求，與動詞原形連用。有過去時態，為could.否定式為cant例如：I can speak English. 我會說英語。 You can watch TV. 你可以看電視。 Can you wait a moment? 你可以等一下么？ （四）間接引語形成步驟： （1）不要逗號，冒號，引號 （2）要考慮到人稱

10、的變化（人稱的變化與漢語是一致的） （3）要考慮時態的變化 （4）要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。 1. 直接引語變成間接引語時，幾個主要時態的變化規律直接引語間接引語一般現在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現在進行時過去進行時 2. 直接引語變成間接引語時，一些詞匯的變化規律直接引語 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has4. will5. can6. may間接引語1. was2. were 3. had4. would5. could6. might用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。 1. She said I _（be）hard-working. 2.

11、Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said she _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _（may）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _（read）a book then. 請轉述他人說的話： 1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom） 2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy） 3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike） 4. Im havi

12、ng a surprise party for Lana. （she）（五）if引導的條件狀語從句結構：if一般現在時，主語將來時含義：如果，將要例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你請求他，他會幫助你。 If need be, well work all night. 如果需要，我們就干個通宵。 根據中文提示，完成句子。 1. 如果你參加聚會，你將會過得很開心。 If you _ the party, you _. 2. 如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。 If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 如果你經常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。 If

13、 you often _, you _. 思考：條件狀語從句只有if引導的一種句子類型么？筆記： （六）形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級 1比較級：句子表示兩者之間的比較時用比較級，其標志詞是than, much, a little , even和still等。e.g. Her hair is much longer than mine. 她的頭發比我的長多了。 Im a little older than you. 我比你大一點兒。2最高級：句子表示三者或多者的比較時用最高級，其標志詞是表示范圍的in或of 介詞短語。在句子中，形容詞最高級前必須加the。e.g. The boy is the

14、tallest in our class. 這個男孩是我們班最高的。 Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?形容詞的比較級和最高級：形容詞有三種等級：原級、比較級、最高級。3原級：句中只有一者時用原級，其標志詞是very, so, too, quite等。e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的書法很好。 （一個人不作比較。） 形容詞比較級和最高級的構成：1.一般在原級后加er 構成比較級，加est構成最高級。e.g. small smaller smallest young younger y

15、oungest2.以不發音的字母e 結尾的形容詞，直接加r 或st 構成比較級和最高級。e.g. nice nicer nicest late later latest3.以輔音字母+y 結尾的形容詞，變y為i ，再加er 或est, 構成比較級和最高級。e.g. busy busier busiest heavy heavier heaviest 4.在重讀閉音節中，末尾只有一個輔音字母的形容詞，要先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加er或est， 構成比較級和最高級。e.g. hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest5.個別形容詞的比較級和最高級是不規則變化，需個別記

16、憶。e.g. good (well) better best bad (badly, ill) worse worst many (much) more most little less least far farther farthest 或 further furthest 副詞的比較級和最高級：1.以ly 結尾的副詞，除early 變為 earlier 和 earliest 外， 其余一律在其前加more 和most。 如：carefully more carefully most carefully2.規則變化直接加er 和 est 。 如：fast fasterfastest3.個別

17、詞是不規則變化，需要特別記憶。 4.句子中，副詞最高級前的the 可省略也可以不省略，但形容詞最高級前面的the 絕對不能去掉。e.g. Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jim or Mike?（七）非謂語動詞在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式，動名詞和分詞（分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞）。1）不定式 to do2）動名詞 doing3）分詞 doing/done否定形式： not +不定式，not + 動名詞，not + 現在分詞一、不定式1. 不定式做狀語-目的 He goes to the playground

18、 to play basketball with his friends.2. 不定式充當名詞功能 To see is to believe.3.常用結構want (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事would like (sb) to do sth 想要(某人)做某事wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事agree sb to do sth 同意(某人)做某事cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待地干某事cant afford to do sth 承受不了做某事It takestook sb.+時間、金錢 to do sth.某人花費時間、

19、金錢去干某事Its +adj. for sb. to do sth. Its better /best to do sth. 最好做某事 be afraid to do sth 害怕.干.4.注意以下句型的互換:1). tooto do sth. 太而不能 2). so +adj. /adv + that(從句) 如此以致3).such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(從句) 如此以致4).(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (對某人來說)做某事(不)夠二. _ing分詞： 1.動名詞做主語，謂語動詞為單數.Eating apples is goo

20、d for your health.2.做為介詞的賓語是動名詞Thanks for helping me.3.在進行時態中。He is watching TV in the room.4在there be結構中。There is a boy swimming in the river.5.常用結構keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事miss doing sth 錯過做某事practice doing sth 練習做某事spend money/time (in)doing sth 花費做某事give up doing sth 放棄做某事be

21、 busy doing sth 忙于做某事 cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事look forward to doing sth 期望做某事be used to doing sth 習慣于做某事作賓補buy sb sth = buy sth for sb給某人買某物give sb sth= give sth to sb把某物給某人borrow sb sth= borrow sth from sb從某人那里借某物lend sb sth= lend sth to sb把某物借給某人send sb sth = send sth to sb 把某物送給某人show sb. sth.

22、= show sth. to sb. 出示某物給某人看pass sb sth = pass sth to sb 把某物遞給某人,sell sb sth = sell sth to sb 把某物賣給某人make sb sth = make sth for sb 給某人做某物有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別 1）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發生） 2）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或經常做的事 3）remember to do 記住去做某事（未做

23、） remember doing記得做過某事(已做) 4) regret to do對要做的事遺憾 regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企圖做某事 try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法 6) mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味著 7）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 繼續（原先沒有做完的事情）非謂語動詞專練1. Colors can make us happy or sad.A. to feel B. feelingC. feltD. feel2. All of them want sth.

24、 for you.A. doB. to doC. doing D. did3. Lets stop . I know a great restaurant near here.A. to have a mealB. to have a restC. having a restD. having a meal4. Remember the book in time when you finish .A. to return, readingB. to return, to readC. returning, readingD. returning, to read5. Although he w

25、as a child, he tries to find ways people life.A. to help, enjoyB. help, enjoyC. to help, enjoyingD. help, enjoying6. My aunt enjoys in the countryside.A. livesB. to liveC. livingD. live7. Nancy, you may listen to the radio. But would you mind ? Your father is sleeping.Im sorry. Ill do it right now.A

26、. turning it downB. turning it upC. turn it onD. turn it off8. We often see him the old man with the housework.A. helpB. helpsC. helpedD. to help9. Its very nice pictures for me.A. of you to drawB. for you to drawC. for you drawingD. of you drawing10. Our teacher often told us in this river.A. dont

27、swimB. dont to swimC. not swimD. not to swim11. Its important the piano well.A. of him to playB. for him to playC. of him playingD. for him playing12. Smoking is bad for your health, youd better .A. give it upB. take it outC. giving it up D. look it up13. Yesterday he was busy for the math test.A. s

28、tudied B. studiesC. studyD. studying14. Im too tired. Lets stop a rest.A. haveB. will haveC. havingD. to have15. Our teacher made Tom the text after school.A. write B. writesC. wroteD. would write16. There are so many kinds of MP4 players in the shop.I cant decide .A. what to buyB. which to buyC. ho

29、w to buyD. when to buy17. At school our teachers do all they can us with our lessons.A. helpB. helpingC. to helpD. helped18. Could you please such a thing again?Im sorry, I wont.A. not to doB. not doC. dont doD. not doing19. come and join us?A. Why dontB. Would you likeC. Why notD. What about20. Wha

30、t about going to the store some fruit?That sounds good.A. buyingB. buyC. to buyD. is buying21. Would you please the window? Its too cold outside.OK. Ill do it right away.A. to closeB. will closeC. closeD. not open22. I cant play the computer. Will you please show me ?No problem.A. what to useB. how

31、to useC. how to use itD. how can I use it23. Have you finished the book? If so, please give it back to me.A. readB. readedC. to readD. reading24. Its bad for your health so much junk food.A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. eats25. On her way home Lucy saw a thief in a shop.She stopped 110 at once.A. steal, callB. to steal, callC. stealing, callingD. stealing, to call26. I dont like to sit here nothing.A. doingB. to doC. do D. did27. Look! There is a boy in the river.A. is swimmingB. swimmingC. swimsD. to swim28. If you get a chance to college, take it.A. g