1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當之處，請指正。（名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 1）child-children mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese ox-oxen man-men woman-women 2）單復同形 如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ）初中英語全部時態(tài)一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時A:一般現(xiàn)在時通常表示目前階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 結構: 1）be動詞的第一人稱單數(shù)為，第三人稱單數(shù)為，其他人稱為。有一順口溜體現(xiàn)了它的用法： 我用am ，你用 are ，is 用于他，她，它, 單數(shù)is，復數(shù)are

2、.肯定式:主語+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主語+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑問式:Am /Is /Are + 主語+ 其他?簡略回答: (肯) Yes,主語 + am/ is /are(否) No,主語 + am /is/are not 縮寫形式: I'm = I am That's =That is We're =We are What's= What isYou're = You are Who's = Who is They're =They are Where's =Where isHe'

3、s =He is She's =She is It's = It is isn't=is not aren't=are not 2）行為動詞（實義動詞）除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外，都用動詞原形，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，在動詞 詞尾加-s或-es 。“動詞第三人稱單數(shù)”的加法 即 “如何從動詞原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)”1、一般情況加s. 2、以o, s, x, ch, sh 結尾加es. 3、以“輔音字母+y”結尾 改y為i +es寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：study play go come help teach lie listen begin open sit th

4、row wash guess cut run relax beat eat 肯定式:主語+動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)否定式:主語+助動詞 don't/doesn't +動詞原形+其他疑問式:Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+do/does (否)No,主語+do/does not 縮寫形式: don't = do not doesn't =does not注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has 用法：1.表示事實,現(xiàn)狀,性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的,習慣的動作,常與often, usually, always, sometimes, today,

5、every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時間狀語連用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在現(xiàn)在時間里所發(fā)生的一個動作 . eg. Here comes the train. 4.在時間和條件狀語從句中代表一般將來時 . eg.I'll go with you if you are free tomorrow.一般過去時一般過去時棗表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般過去時通常由動詞的過去式表示。 結構：1.動詞的

6、第一、三有稱單數(shù)用,其他人稱用,其肯定式,否定式,疑問式和簡略回答形式與一般現(xiàn)在時相似。 2.行為動詞的過去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種, 規(guī)則動詞的過去式是在動詞后加或,不規(guī)則動詞參照不規(guī)則動詞表,需要專門記憶。肯定式:主語+動詞的過去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning. 否定式:主語 + did not + 動詞原形 + 其他 eg. John didn't live here last year. 疑問式:Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他 eg. Did you see him a moment ago? 簡略回答.(肯)Yes, 主

7、語 +did (否)No , 主語 + didn't.用法 ：1.主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài). eg. My father was at work yesterday. 2.表示過去經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作,常與often,always 等表示頻度的時間狀語連用. eg. He always went to work by bus last summer.3.和when等連詞引導的狀語從句連用. eg. When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常與表示過去的時間狀語, 如 ago, yesterday, last week,

8、in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等連用.eg.They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was.不規(guī)則中尋"規(guī)則" 英語中很多動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，有些同學死記硬背，卻效果不佳。我們不妨共同尋找一些不規(guī)則動詞中的“規(guī)則”，這樣記憶起來就會事半功倍了。I 過去式與動詞原形同形。例如： letlet, putput, hithit, readreadred等。II動詞原形以owaw結尾，過去式常變?yōu)閑w。例如： kn

9、owknew, growgrew, throwthrew, drawdrew等。但是也有一些例外，例如：showshowed。III許多動詞只要將動詞原形中的元音字母i改為a，就可變?yōu)檫^去式。例如： beginbegan, givegave, singsang, swimswam, sitsat, drinkdrank, ringrang等 但是winwon例外。IV有些動詞的過去式以o(a)ught結尾。例如： bringbrought, buybought, thinkthought, catchcaught, teachtaught等。 注意上述動詞過去式究竟是以ought:t還是aug

10、ht:t結尾，只要記住“有a則a，無a則o”即可。 即:原形中有a的， 過去式變?yōu)閍ught，否則為ought。V 以eep結尾的動詞，常將eep改為ept構成過去式。例如：keepkept, sleepslept, sweepswept等。一 般 將 來 時一般將來時棗表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) 結構：助動詞shall/will be (is ,am ,are ) going to + 動詞原形（當主語第一人稱時，一般用shall，當主語為第三人稱時，用will，但主語為第一人稱時，也用will）肯定式:主語+shall/will+動詞原形+其他否定式:主語+shall/will+not

11、+動詞原形+其他.疑問式:Shall/Will+主語+動詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+shall/will . (否)No,主語+shall/will+not 縮寫形式: 'll =shall/will shan't= shall not won't = will not 用法:1.表示將要發(fā)生的動 作或情況,常用時間狀語有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year. Maybe C

12、hina's population _ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005. 2.表示某種必然的趨勢 eg. Fish will die without water. 解析：1.在以第一人稱為主語的問句中,常用 shall 表示提議和詢問情況,在以第二人稱作主語的問句中,用will 表示請求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen? 2.當主語是第一人稱時,用will 表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等. eg. I will give you an

13、English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday. 3.在時間或條件狀語從句中,一般用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時. eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +動詞原形也可表示將來時. (1).表示主觀意愿.打算等. eg. He's going to learn English next term. (2).根據(jù)已有跡象,可能要發(fā)生的情況 eg. Look at the black clouds! -It is going to rain. 現(xiàn) 在 進 行 時現(xiàn)在進行時棗

14、表示目前或目前階段正在進行的動作。( 表示“正在（在）干”) 結構：is/am/are + 動詞的-ing形式 ( 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 ) 用法：1.表示目前發(fā)生(進行)的動作(不指狀態(tài)),常用時間狀語有:now, at the moment 等,并常出現(xiàn)在祈使句的句子中,與 look, listen連用. eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room.2.表示目前階段正在進行,而此刻不一定在進行的動作. eg. They are planting

15、 trees these days. 3.表示按計劃或安排即將進行的動作,表示這種動作的動詞有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常與表示將來時間的狀語連用.eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.注意: 某些表示感覺或狀態(tài)的動詞,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用現(xiàn)在進行時.eg. Lucy prefers art to science. 練習題：（選擇填空）一. 般現(xiàn)在時.（ ）1.My English teacher about

16、thirty years old, but he younger than he really is. A. is, look B .is, looks C. am, look（ ）2.Jim very hard, but he till a little weak in Chinese. A. studies, is B. study, is C. doesnt study, is（ ）3.We all know that the sun round the earth. A. goes B. dont go C. doesnt go （ ）4.There twelve months in

17、a year and January first. A. is, comes B. are, come C. are, comes（ ）5.Who the kite best of all, Jim. Lucy or Lily? A .flies B. fly C .are flying（ ）6. the Great Wall one of the places of great interests in China? A.Was B. Do C. Is（ ）7. you usually to school with classmates? A. Do, comes B. does, come

18、 C. Do, come（ ）8. she home at six oclock every mornig? A. Do, comes B. Does. Come C. Do, come（ ）9. My mother like watcing TV,so she to bed very early every evening. A doesnt ,go B. dont go C. doesnt goes（ ）10.Mr Green usually newspapers after supper every day.A. read B. reading C. reads二. 一般過去式.（ ）1

19、.The two in the same class last year. A. are B. was C. were（ ）2.-Where you ?-I went to buy some food for supper.（ ）3.The students in Li Leis class on a farm last week. A. work B. works C. worked（ ）4. that worker in a shoe factory a year ago? A. Do, work B.Did, worked C. Did, work（ ）5.-Did you find y

20、our pen ?-Yes, I it two hours ago. A. found B. find C. finded（ ）6. your mother to work last Saturday? A. Did, go B. Do, go C. Does, go（ ）7.They not late the day before yesterday. A. did B. were C. are（ ）8. they away from school last October? A. Did B. Were C. Do（ ）9. you to school last Sunday? A. Di

21、d, come B. Do, come C. Were, come（ ）10.What they for breakfast last week? A. were, have B. did, have C. will, have（ ）11.My friend his homework fifteen minutes ago. A. finish B. finishes C. finished（ ）12.The boys only subjects last term, but this term they five. A. have, have B. had, had C. had, have

22、（ ）13.Why Ann TV last night ? A. didnt, watch B. dont watch C. doesnt watch（ ）14.They stopped here because they the way to the station. A. didnt know B. dont know C. will know（ ）15-Where you find your ticket? -I it on the ground.A. did, found B. do, found C. were, find三. 現(xiàn)在進行時.（ ）1.Cant you see Uncl

23、e Wang and his friends some machines? A. is makig B. are making C.make（ ）2.My father TV with my mother now. A. watch B. watching C. is watching（ ）3.Is six oclock in the evening, My family supper at the table. A. eats B. is eating C. are eating（ ）4. Lucy and Lily to speak Chinese with Miss Gao. A. Is

24、, try B. Is trying C. Are, trying（ ）5.The dog itself outside the door. A. is washing B. wash C. washes（ ）6.The students in Class One carefully to their English teacher. A. is listening B. is looking C. are listening（ ）7.Listen! The children in the open air. A. singing B. is singing C. are singing（ ）

25、8.Whats the matter, Li Lei? I for my pen. A. am look B. am looking C. look（ ）9.Lets go into the classroom. The bell . A. ringing B. is ringing C. is ring（ ）10.The man is badly hurt and he on the road sadly.A. is lying B. are lying C. lieing 四. 一般將來時.（ ）1.The students back in two hours. A. come B. is

26、 coming C. came（ ）2.What you with your classmates this Sunday afternoon? A. are, do B.do, do C. will do（ ）3.There an English party in our class this evening. A. will have B. are going to have .C. is going to be（ ）4. Wei Hua visit the Great Wall during this summer holiday? A.Do, going to B. Is, going

27、 to C. Will, going to（ ）5.When they leave for Beijing? A. will, going .B. will, / C. do, going to（ ）6.-Where are you going ? -I the shops for some fruit.A. am going to B. go to C. shall going to go to（ ）7.Which oranges they to buy?A. are, going B. will, going C.do, going（ ）8.My mother says that she

28、buy me a schoolbag better than this one.A. is B. shall C. will （ ）9.Mr Green is afraid that Jim behind the other students after he comes back.A. will fall B. will fell C.is going to fell（ ）10.The students in my class harder than before this term.A. is going to study B. will going to study C. will st

29、udy 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的結構： 主語 + “have(has) + 過去分詞”（1）現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動作（常與yet，already，just連用），或者過去某一時刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況（常與for，since連用）。例如： 1）I have just finished my homework. 2）Mary has been ill for three days. 注意：與for ,since 連用的動詞必須用延續(xù)性動詞，而不能用短暫性動詞如：come be here go be there join be a member borrow keep

30、 leave be away 等等（2）常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有：since, for, during, over等引導出的短語；副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；狀語詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如： 1）I havent been there for five years. 2）So far, she hasnt enjoyed the summ

31、er vacation. 3）There have been a lot of changes since 1978. 一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較與轉(zhuǎn)換 一般過去時: 與之搭配的時間副詞常用的有:Yesterday, last week, last year, at 5:30 , last weekend, last month. 有時用on weekend, this morning 現(xiàn)在完成時: 常用的時間副詞有:ever, never, yet, still, already ， in the past ten years; in my life; today Examples: Li

32、nda still hasnt finished her homework.Stanley has already gotten bored with the life here in Toronto. Have you ever gone to Paris? I have gone to the post office twice today. 2、 過去完成時（1）表示過去某時間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或情況，這個過去的時間可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經(jīng)完成。 表示“過去的過去 ” 例如： 1）We had just had o

33、ur breakfast when Tom came in. 2）By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. （3）過去完成時常用于以下固定句型： 1）by (the end of ) +過去時間，主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如： The experiment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon. 八種時態(tài)的比較一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時 a.一般現(xiàn)在時：重復發(fā)生的習慣性動作和真理。 標志性的時間副詞： always often frequently us

34、ually sometimes every day every week every month occasionally once a month once a month once a year seldom rarely never Examples： She goes shopping every week. He reads Business News every morning. He seldom goes dancing. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Susan loves chocolate. b.表示一種狀

35、態(tài)或性質(zhì) Examples: This tastes very good. I dont believe my eyes. I need a car. I hate this music. c.在講述一個過去發(fā)生的故事時，有時可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示過去發(fā)生的一系列事情。-This use is called the “historical present”.如在看圖說話一類題時經(jīng)常用到這一點。 b>Examples: h一個美國人描述他到中國旅游的經(jīng)歷 My friend and I arrive at the capital air port in Beijing on the morni

36、ng of May 25 th , 1993. Robert comes to meet with us in a taxi, and we drive to what is to be our apartment for nearly three. week. The drive is culture shock number one. We see people everywhere. Also, Beijing seems to be more modern than its has been written in all the books on China I have read.

37、My friend and I are extremely astonished by the number of bicycles on the road, truly the kingdom of bicycles. 現(xiàn)在進行時： a.正在進行的動作 常用的時間狀語：（right）now at the（this）moment at present ;,?|LmExamples： Robert is teaching at this moment。 Mendel is working on the first draft of his essay。 Im looking for my umb

38、rella right now. Hes enjoying a holiday right now. b.表達在現(xiàn)在一段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的動作，但是動作在說話時不一定正在進行。 常用的時間副詞：these days Nowadays today this semester/quarter this week/month/year Examples: Hes relaxing this week. Hes working as a librarian this semester. c.對一類經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情所表達的強烈情感 常用的時間副詞：Always Forever constantly Exam

39、ples: Hes always complaining.（他怎么總是抱怨。） Youre always dancing.（你怎么總是跳舞，是不是太多了吧。） 一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在完成時 一般現(xiàn)在時： 表達的動作不表明動作從何時開始或已進行了多長時間。 Examples: Helen and Tom are happily married. Bruce listens to the news every morning. 現(xiàn)在完成時: a.現(xiàn)在完成時所表達的動作正在進行,但句子總是表明動作是什么時候開始的。 Examples: Helen and Tom have been happily mar

40、ried since their wedding day 60 years ago. Bruce has listened to the news all his life without missing a day. b.與現(xiàn)在完成時常用的兩個詞: For and Since For:表示動作持續(xù)的一段時間。如:for two minutes/weeks/years；for several days/a long time/the past month 而在一般現(xiàn)在時不能與之連用。 Since: 表示動作從何時開始時間點. 如:since 6:00/Apr. 23/last week /th

41、e accident 現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在進行時：表示一個正在進行的動作,但不表明動作從什么時候開始的。 Examples: He is waiting over there. Matthew is studying Chinese in Beijing. 現(xiàn)在完成時：可表明發(fā)生動作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。 Examples: He has tried to pass the exam twice. 一般過去時和過去進行時 a.二者的區(qū)別在于一般過去進行時表示在過去某個特定時間正在進行的動作。 Examples: My brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterd

42、ay afternoon. My neighbors dog was barking at 3:00 this morning. b.二者的區(qū)別在于一般過去進行時表示在過去同一時間兩個同時進行的動作。 與之常用的時間副詞: while, as Examples; Robert was moving the lawn while Susan was fixing the car. As Michael was visiting Paris, Robert was teaching English classes in Beijing. 一般過去時和過去將來時 二者的區(qū)別在于過去將來時表示在過去打

43、算做,但是沒有做的動作.而一般過去時表示為什么沒有做的原因。 Examples: I was going to become a rock star but I didnt know the right people in the music business. 一般過去時和過去完成時 二者的區(qū)別在于過去完成時表示在過去的過去所發(fā)生的動作。 Examples: Mary was hungry because she hadnt eaten breakfast. Charlie lost his way to the hotel although he had been there a few

44、days earlier. I realized that I hadnt eaten a single French Fry since I started my diet. 一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時 -一般現(xiàn)在時在時間和條件從句當中表示將來時的動作。 Examples: As soon as I save enough money Ill buy a big house. When he gets back home he will phone a friend in New York. If it rains tomorrow we will cancel the camping trip

45、.過去進行時 be (was,were)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)試題與解析（ ）1.He stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in the forms.A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it（ ）2.She said she would telephone but we _from her so far.A. havent heard B. didnt hear C. hadnt heard D. wont hear（ ）3.When I got to the cinema, the

46、 film _for ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was（ ）4.Ill go with you as soon as I_ my homework.A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished（ ）5.If it _tomorrow, I wont go to the cinema.A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained（ ）6.She is going to be a nurse when she up. A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew（ ）7. 下列四句是“這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個月了。”的英譯文，哪一種不對？A. I have had this book for three months.B. I have bought this book