1、鐵礦石的分類Iron ore classification按照礦物組分、結構、構造和采、選、冶及工藝流程等特點，可將鐵礦石分為自 然類型和工業類型兩大類。According to mineral composition, structure, construction and mining, metallurgical and technological process and other features, can be divided into natural types of iron ore and industrial types of two categories.1.自然類型1

2、natural types1)根據含鐵礦物種類可分為：磁鐵礦石、赤鐵礦石、假象或半假象赤鐵礦石、銳 鈦磁鐵礦石、褐鐵礦石、菱鐵礦石以及由其中兩種或兩種以上含鐵礦物組成的混 合礦石。1) according to the iron ore types can be divided into: magnetite, hematite, false or half pseudomorph, vanadium-titanium magnetite ore, hematite, siderite and limonite ore from which two or more than two kinds

3、 of minerals containing composition of mixed ore.2)按有害雜質(S、P、Cu、Pb、Zn、V、Ti、Co、Ni、Sn、F、As)含量的高低, 可分為高硫鐵礦石、低硫鐵礦石、高磷鐵礦石、低磷鐵礦石等。2) according to the harmful impurities ( S, P, Cu, Pb, Zn, V, Ti, Co, Ni, Sn, F, As ) content, can be classified as high sulfurous iron ore, sulphur iron ore, high phosphorus i

4、ron ore, low phosphorus iron ore.3)按結構、構造可分為浸染狀礦石、網脈浸染狀礦石、條紋狀礦石、條帶狀礦石、 致密塊狀礦石、角礫狀礦石，以及鮑狀、豆狀、腎狀、蜂窩狀、粉狀、土狀礦石 等。3) according to the structure, structure can be classified as disseminated ore, reticulate veins disseminated ore, ore, stripe banded ore, lump ore dense, brecciated ore, as well as oolitic,

5、lenticular, reniform, honeycomb, powdery, earthy rock.4)按脈石礦物可分為石英型、閃石型、輝石型、斜長石型、絹云母綠泥石型、夕 卡巖型、陽起石型、蛇紋石型、鐵白云石型和碧玉型鐵礦石等。4) according to the gangue minerals can be divided into quartz, hornblende, pyroxene, plagioclase type type type type, sericite chlorite, actinolite, skarn type iron dolomite, serpe

6、ntine type, type and Jasper iron ore.2 .工業類型3 types of industry1)工業上能利用的鐵礦石，即表內鐵礦石，包括煉鋼用鐵礦石、煉鐵用鐵礦石、 需選鐵礦石。1) industry can take advantage of the iron ore, the sheet iron ore, including steelmaking, ironmaking iron ore iron ore, iron ore to be elected.2)工業上暫不能利用的鐵礦石，即表外鐵礦石，礦石含鐵量介于最低工業品位與 邊界品位之間。2) ind

7、ustry can not use iron ore, namely the sheet iron ore, iron ore between minimum industrial grade and the boundary between grade.物鐵礦物種類繁多，目前已發現的鐵礦物和含鐵礦物約300余種，其中常見的有170余種。但在當前技術條件下，具有工業利用價值的主要是磁鐵礦、赤鐵 礦、磁赤鐵礦、鈦鐵礦、褐鐵礦和菱鐵礦等。Fabric of ore variety, has been found in the ore and minerals containing about 30

8、0 species, of which there are 170 common kinds of. But in the current technical conditions, have industry to use value mainly magnetite, hematite, magnetic hematite, titanium ore, limonite and siderite.1.磁鐵礦1 magnetiteFeO 31.03% , Fe2O3 68.97% 或含 Fe 72.2%, O 27.6% ,等軸晶系。單晶體常 呈八面體，較少呈菱形十二面體。在菱形十二面體面上

9、，長對角線方向常現條紋。 集合體多呈致密塊狀和粒狀。顏色為鐵黑色、條痕為黑色，半金屬光澤，不透明。 硬度5.56.5。比重4.95.2。具強磁性。FeO 31.03%, Fe2O3 68.97% or Fe 72.2%, O 27.6%, isometric. Single crystal with eight surface body, a diamond twelve surface body less. In the diamond twelve surface on the surface, long diagonal direction is often striped.Aggreg

10、ates Duocheng dense block and granular. Color is black iron, streak is black, semi metallic luster, opaque. Hardness is 5.5 6.5. The proportion of 4.9 to 5.2. The strong magnetic.磁鐵礦中常有相當數量的Ti4+以類質同象代替Fe3+,還伴隨有Mg2+和V3+等 相應地代替Fe2+和Fe3+,因而形成一些礦物亞種，即：Magnetite is often a considerable amount of Ti4 + in

11、 isomorphous instead of Fe3 +, also accompanied with Mg2 + and V3 + correspondingly instead of Fe2 + and Fe3 +, thus forming some mineral subspecies, i.e.: (1)鈦磁鐵礦 Fe2+(2+x)Fe3+(2-2x)TixO4(0 <x<1),含 TiO212% 16%。常溫 下，鈦從其中分離成板狀和柱狀的鈦鐵礦及布紋狀的鈦鐵晶石。(1) titanium magnetite Fe2 + ( 2+x ) + Fe3 ( 2-2x )

12、TixO4 ( 0 < x < 1), TiO212% 16%. Under normal temperature, from which it is separated into titanium plate and column ilmenite and vase shaped titanium iron spar.銳磁鐵礦 FeV2O4或Fe2+(Fe3+V)O4 ,含V2O5有時高達68.41% 72.04%。(2) vanadium magnetite FeV2O4 or Fe2 + ( Fe3+V ) O4, V2O5 sometimes containing high

13、 amounts to 68.41% 72.04%.(3)銳鈦磁鐵礦 為成分更為復雜的上述兩種礦物的固溶體產物。(3) vanadium titanium magnetite ore as components of more complex above two kinds of mineral products of solid solution.(4)銘磁鐵礦含Cr2O3可達百分之幾。(4) Cr magnetite containing Cr2O3 of up to a few percent.(5)鎂磁鐵礦 含MgO可達6.01%。(5) containing MgO of up to

14、 6.01% mg magnetite.磁鐵礦是巖漿成因鐵礦床、接觸交代-熱液鐵礦床、沉積變質鐵礦床，以及一系 列與火山作用有關的鐵礦床中鐵礦石的主要礦物。止匕外，也常見于砂礦床中。Magnetite is magma genesis of iron deposit, hydrothermal metasomatic iron deposit, sedimentary metamorphic iron deposits, as well as a series of and the volcano effects related to iron ore deposit of iron ore

15、is the main mineral. In addition, also common in placer deposit in.磁鐵礦氧化后可變成赤鐵礦(假象赤鐵礦及褐鐵礦)，但仍能保持其原來的晶形。Magnetite oxidation can turn into hematite ( hematite hematite and limonite ), but still can maintain its original shape.2.赤鐵礦2 hematite自然界中Fe2O3的同質多象變種已知有兩種，即 a-Fe2O3和Fe2O3。前者 在自然條件下穩定，稱為赤鐵礦；后者在自然

16、條件下不如a-Fe2O3穩定，處于亞穩定狀態，稱之為磁赤鐵礦。The nature of Fe2O3 polymorphic variants known to have two kinds, namely alpha Fe2O3 and Y - Fe2O3. The former under natural conditions, known as hematite; the latter under natural conditions as alpha Fe2O3 in stable, metastable state, called magnetic hematite.赤鐵礦：Fe 6

17、9.94%, O 30.06%,常含類質同象混入物 Ti、Al、Mn、Fe2+、 Ca、Mg及少量Ga和Co。三方晶系，完好晶體少見。結晶赤鐵礦為鋼灰色， 隱品質；土狀赤鐵礦呈紅色。條痕為櫻桃紅色或鮮豬肝色。金屬至半金屬光澤。 有時光澤暗淡。硬度56。比重55.3。Hematite: Fe 69.94%, O 30.06%, often with isomorphous mixed with Ti, Al, Mn, Fe2, Ca, Mg and a small amount of Ga and Co. Three party crystal system, perfect crystal r

18、are. Crystalline hematite steel gray, aphanitic earthy hematite in red. Wale for cherry red or bright liver. Metal to semi metallic luster.Sometimes a dull luster. Hardness is 5 6. The proportion of 5 to 5.3.赤鐵礦的集合體有各種形態，形成一些礦物亞種，即：Hematite aggregates have various forms, form some mineral subspecies

19、, i.e.:鏡鐵礦 為具金屬光澤的玫瑰花狀或片狀赤鐵礦的集合體。(1) mirror iron with metallic luster rosette or flaky hematite aggregates.(2)云母赤鐵礦 具金屬光澤的品質細鱗狀赤鐵礦。(2) mica hematite with metal luster crystal fine squamous hematite.酗狀或腎狀赤鐵礦 形態呈酗狀或腎狀的赤鐵礦。(3) the oolitic hematite or reniform shape of an Oolitic or kidney shape hematit

20、e.赤鐵礦是自然界中分布很廣的鐵礦物之一，可形成于各種地質作用，但以熱液作用、沉積作用和區域變質作用為主。在氧化帶里，赤鐵礦可由褐鐵礦或纖鐵礦、 針鐵礦經脫水作用形成。但也可以變成針鐵礦和水赤鐵礦等。在還原條件下，赤鐵礦可轉變為磁鐵礦，稱假象磁鐵礦。Hematite is a very wide distribution in nature iron minerals, can be formed in various geological effects, but with a hydrothermal reaction, sedimentation and mainly regional

21、metamorphism. In the oxidation zone, hematite limonite iron ore, or by goethite formed by dehydration effect. But can be transformed into goethite and hematite in water. Under reducing conditions, can be changed into magnetite hematite, magnetite called illusion.3.磁赤鐵礦3 Magnetic HematiterFe2O3 ,其化學組

22、成中常含有 Mg、Ti和Mn等混入物。等軸晶系，五角三四 面體晶類，多呈粒狀集合體，致密塊狀，常具磁鐵礦假象。顏色及條痕均為褐色， 硬度5,比重4.88 ,強磁性。Y - Fe2O3, their chemical compositions often contain Mg, Ti and Mn mixed fabric. Isometric, five angular three or four surface crystal class, more granular aggregates, dense block, often with magnetite. Color and strea

23、k are brown, a hardness of 5, the proportion of 4.88, strong magnetic.磁赤鐵礦主要是磁鐵礦在氧化條件下經次生變化作用形成。磁鐵礦中的 Fe2+完 全為Fe3+所代替(3Fe2+-2Fe3+),所以有1/3Fe2+所占據的八面體位置產生了 空位。另外，磁赤鐵礦可由纖鐵礦失水而形成，亦有由鐵的氧化物經有機作用而形成的。Magnetic Hematite mainly magnetite in oxidizing conditions by the secondary change form. Magnetite in Fe2 +

24、 for Fe3 + ( 3Fe2 +, replaced by 2Fe3 + ), so there are 1 / 3Fe2 + occupied eight face of the body position had a vacancy. In addition, magnetic hematite from iron ore loss and the formation, also produced by iron oxides by organic function and form.4.褐鐵礦4 limonite實際上并不是一個礦物種，而是針鐵礦、纖鐵礦、水針鐵礦、水纖鐵礦以及含水

25、 氧化硅、泥質等的混合物。化學成分變化大，含水量變化也大。Actually it is not a mineral species, but the goethite lepidocrocite, water, goethite lepidocrocite, water and aqueous silica, clay and other mixtures. Changes in chemical composition, moisture content is big.(1)針鐵礦a-FeO(OH),含Fe 62.9%。含不定量的吸附水者，稱水針鐵礦 HFeO2?NH2O。斜方晶系，形態有針

26、狀、柱狀、薄板狀或鱗片狀。通常呈豆狀、 腎狀或鐘乳狀。切面具平行或放射纖維狀構造。有時成致密塊狀、土狀，也有呈 酗狀。顏色紅褐、暗褐至黑褐。經風化而成的粉末狀、赭石狀褐鐵礦則呈黃褐色。 針鐵礦條痕為紅褐色，硬度55.5,比重44.3。而褐鐵礦條痕則一般為淡褐 或黃褐色，硬度14,比重3.34。(1) goethite alpha FeO ( OH ), including Fe 62.9%. With quantitative adsorption of water, called water goethite HFeO2 NH2O. Orthorhombic, morphology has

27、needle-like, columnar, sheet or flake. Usually a lenticular, reniform or stalactitic. Parallel cut mask or radiation fibrous structure. Sometimes a dense block, earthy, there were oolitic. The color red brown, dark brown to black brown. The weathered into powder, ochre, limonite is yellowish-brown.

28、Goethite streak is red-brown, hardness is 5 5.5, 4 4.3 proportion. Striations and limonite is generally pale brown or yellow-brown, hardness is 1 4, 3.3 4 proportion.(2)纖鐵礦rFeO(OH),含Fe 62.9%。含不定量的吸附水者，稱水纖鐵礦 FeO(OH)?NH2O。斜方晶系。常見鱗片狀或纖維狀集合體。顏色暗紅至黑紅色。 條痕為桔紅色或磚紅色。硬度45,比重4.014.1。(2) the lepidocrocite Y -

29、FeO ( OH ), including Fe 62.9%. With quantitative adsorption of water, called water lepidocrocite FeO ( OH ) NH2O.Orthorhombic system. Common scaly or fibrillar aggregates. Colour dark red to dark red. Streak is orange or red brick. Hardness is 4 5, 4.01 4.1 proportion.5 .鈦鐵礦6 titanium iron oreFeTiO

30、3 , Fe 36.8% , Ti 36.6% , O 31.6%。三方晶系。菱面體晶類。常呈不規 則粒狀、鱗片狀或厚板狀。在950 c以上鈦鐵礦與赤鐵礦形成完全類質同象。當 溫度降低時，即發生熔離，故鈦鐵礦中常含有細小鱗片狀赤鐵礦包體。鈦鐵礦顏 色為鐵黑色或鋼灰色。條痕為鋼灰色或黑色。含赤鐵礦包體時呈褐色或帶褐的紅 色條痕。金屬-半金屬光澤。不透明，無解理。硬度56.5,比重45。弱磁性。 鈦鐵礦主要出現在超基性巖、基性巖、堿性巖、酸性巖及變質巖中。我國攀枝花 銳鈦磁鐵礦床中，鈦鐵礦呈粒狀或片狀分布于鈦磁鐵礦等礦物顆粒之間，或沿鈦磁鐵礦裂開面成定向片晶。FeTiO3, Fe 36.8%, T

31、i 36.6%, O 31.6%. Three party crystal system. Rhombohedral class. Often irregular granular, flaky or thick plates. In 950 above the ilmenite and hematite formed entirely of isomorphism. When the temperature decreases, the occurrence of liquation, the ilmenite often contain small scaly hematite inclusions. Ilmenite color to black iron or s