1、.賓語從句第一 部分：賓語 梗要 賓語是動作、行為的對象，是動作的承受者。賓語由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞、短語來擔任。當然 ,也可以由一個句子來充當 ,稱之為賓語從句；英語的及物動詞后必須有賓語；除及物動詞有賓語之外，英語介詞后面也要有賓語；某些形容詞如worth,careful 等后也可有賓語；賓語有直接賓語和間接賓語之分。即指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語，這兩個賓語統稱為 "雙賓語"。一 不同詞類作賓語 1. 名詞作賓語She is playing the piano now. 2. 代詞作賓語 We all like him. She doesn't

2、 know me.3. 數詞作賓語Give me four.4. the+ 形容詞/v-ed/v-ing 結構作賓語。 1) The young should respect the old . 2) They went to help the dying and the wounded. 3) They are searching for the lost .二 非謂語類作賓語1不定式作賓語We all like to go to school. 注意: I dont know what to do next.2動名詞作賓語The boss hates workerscomplaining.

3、 三 從句類作賓語I think he is right.Do you understand what I mean?I asked whether there are any chemist's shops in this street.Give him whatever he needs. We can rely on whomever we can trust. She will give whoever needs help a warm support.四 兩種特殊帶賓語的結構1一些形容詞可有賓語常用的情感形容詞有： sure, afraid ,glad ,pleased ,

4、happy ,worried ,sad ,sorry The book is worth reading.2介賓結構Are they listening to the professor?Are they satisfied with us?He passed the exam by cheating. 五it 用作形式賓語（基本用法）I think it no need talking about it with them.He makes it a rule never to borrow money.Did you make it clear why she didn't com

5、e?I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night.She wont like it if you arrive late.六 雙賓語 有些及物動詞可接兩個賓語（雙賓語），即指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語。1. 常用句型為 主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語。 Give me a cup of tea, please.You dont need to show him how to do it. He has told me where they lives.2. 下面幾種情況，通常要用介詞 to 或 for 引

6、起的短語： 1). 當直接賓語是人稱代詞（ it them）時。如： The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it to him. 。 2). 當強調間接賓語時。如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 3). 當間接賓語比直接賓語長時。如：;. On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person.4) 由 to 連接間接賓語的動詞有： give, lend, bring, show, tell, write, send, hand, teach, offer

7、, sell, promise, pass ,take 等. 5) 由for 連接間接賓語的動詞有： buy, make, leave, do, choose, order, sing, win, cook,get 等 注意： I will ask him a question. I will ask a question of him.七 同源賓語 （Cognate Object ）少數不及物動詞能帶一個在詞根上與動詞相同或相近意義的賓語，即同源賓語1. 能帶同源賓語的動詞有： lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fig

8、ht, run,sing 等。Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life.I dreamed a terrible dream last night.Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.He died a heroic death.2. 同源賓語前面可帶形容詞作定語。這時，“動詞 +定語+同源賓語”的結構在意義上相當于“動詞+與定語意義相同的狀語”。二者相比，前者語氣更強一些。 We slept

9、 a comfortable sleep last night.(= We slept comfortably last night.)Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday. （= Professor Smith died suddenly last Wednesday. ）注意：同源賓語前面通常帶有定語。fight a good fight breathe a deep breathlaugh a foolish laugh smile a forced smile3. 同源賓語的修飾語是形容詞最高級或含有最高級意義時，該同源賓

10、語常可以省去。 You should run your fastest （race）.The old man breathed his last （breath ）this morning.第二 部分 賓語從句 學習賓語從句要 抓 住三要 素 ：連接詞、語序和時態。比較下面幾個句子I don't know the phone number. I don't know what his phone number is. I don't know if this is his phone number.在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句 .賓語從句 詳解 一賓語從句的分類

11、 :.1 作動詞的賓語 :I heard that he would come here later on. 2 作介詞的賓語 :He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 3 作形容詞的賓語：I am sure I will pass the exam.二.賓語從句中引導詞（連接詞）的用法分三類：從屬連詞 that( 陳述句),if,whether （是否）， 連接代詞 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever , whatever, whichever 等.連接代詞一般指疑問 ,但

12、what, whatever 除了指疑問外 ,也可以指陳述 . 連接副詞 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. 找出并 翻 譯下列句中的賓語從句1 He told me that he would go to the college the next year 2 I dont know if there will be a bus any more.3 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 4 Do you know who has won Red Alert game?5 The bo

13、ok will show you what the best CEOs should know. 6 He didn t tell me when we should meet again.7 Could you please tell me how you use the new panel （新的操作盤） ?;. 8 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.（一） that 引導的賓語從句（在 非正式 場合 that 可以省略）只起連接作用，無詞意，通常第一個 that 可省。可跟 that 從句做賓語的動詞有： say,

14、think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose,see, believe,agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean,notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 2 在以下

15、情況中 that 不能省略1）、當句中的動詞后接多于兩個由 that 引導的賓語從句時，第一個 that 可省，但后面的that 不可省。 I believe （that ）you have done your best and that things will get better 2）當主句的謂語動詞與 that 賓語從句之間有插入語時， that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coatand his black silk cap.當that

16、 從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時， that 不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died.4）當 it 作形式賓語時 例句： She made it clear that she had nothing to do withhim 5）當賓語從句前置時 That our team will win ，I believe 6）. that 從句單獨回答問題時。如：What did he hear? 他聽說了什么事？That Kate had passed the exam. ( 他聽說)凱特考試及格了。3 賓語從句的否定轉移當主句謂語動詞是 think, bel

17、ieve, suppose,expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定 時，常把否定轉移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.注意： 1)主句的謂語動詞是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現在時 ,從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來 ,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致 .I don t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?I expect our En

18、glish teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you? 如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞 (不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair ，dislike 等),其反義疑問句要用肯定形式 .We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?2)當主句的主語是第二、三人稱時，其反義疑問句一般與主句保持一致。Your s

19、ister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?They don't believe she's an engineer, do they? She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she? 3）在 think,believe,suppose,guess 等及物動詞及 Im afraid 等表達的后面，可用 so,或 not

20、代替一個賓語從句， so 代替肯定句， not 代替否定句，該賓語從句通常是上文提到的一件事。Are we late?-I m afraid so.-Do you think he will come?-No,I think not./I don t think so. 注: I dont think /believe/suppose/expect so.這種結構不能用于動詞 guess 和hope,guess 和 hope 只能用 I hope/guess not.（二）由 whether,if 引導的賓語從句 whether 和 if 通用，都表示“是否”的意思。一般來說，后者比較正式，在

21、口語中前者常用來代替后者。但兩者有時具有不同的暗示。用 whether 時，正反兩面的選擇意義較強，問話人并不在意回答是肯定還是否定；而用 if 時，則比較強調單方面，即正面，問話人希望得到肯定的回答。另外，還要注意從以下六個方面的高頻考點： 一、whether 和if 都可以與 or not 連用； 但whether 和 or not 寫在一起時，或在動詞短語后，只能用 whether ，不能用 if 。如： I don't care whether ( 或 if) it will rain or not ;. I don't care whether or not it w

22、ill rain. (不用 if) I don't care about whether or not it will rain. (不用 if) 二、在引導賓語從句時，應注意：1、表示“是否”時，兩詞都能引導賓語從句。I don't know whether/if I will be able to come. 我不知道我是否能來 .She asked me whether/if I was interested in working for her. 她問我是否有興趣為她工 作。We'll be told tomorrow whether we should tak

23、e the exam or not. 我們明天才知道是不是應該參加考試 . I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had anyassistance. 我問他這些工作都是他自己做的還是別人幫他做的 .I wonder if/whether you can examine him now ( 注意: 在兩個供選擇的從句之間若用 or 字, 則須重復 whether 一字. )注: 當強調賓語從句并將其提前時只能用 whether 。 如:Whether I'll have time t

24、o go with you I am not sure. 我很難說我們是否有時間跟你們一起去。2、賓語從句移置句首時，用 whether ，不用 if 。Whether it is true or not ， I can't say =I can't say whether/if it is true or not3、賓語從句為否定形式時，通常用 if ，而不用 whether 。I asked Tom if Mary wouldnt come4、動詞 discuss，decide, consider 等后習慣上也常用 Whether 引導從句，不用 if 。whether 和

25、 if 的區別 三、在下列情況下，只能用 whether ，不能用 if 。1、與不定式連用時，只能用 whether He can't decide whether to accept or refuse 2、在介詞后，只能用 whether 。Everything depends on whether he is ready I don't care about whether or not it will rain. 3、在名詞后作同位語時，只能用 whether 。The question whether they ought to stop working was d

26、iscussed among the workers I have no idea whether he is there 4、引導主語從句時，只能用 whether 。Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me5、引導表語從句時，只能用 whether 。What Maria doesn't know is whether there will be enough snow 6、當 whether 和 or not 連用時，只用 whether 不用 if 。如:I dont know whether or not he will c

27、ome. 我不知道他是不是回來。I'll be happy whether/if I get the job or not 我能不能得到那份工作都一樣高興。注意：當or not 放在 whether 引導的從句句尾，則可以用 if 來替換。7、 當 whether 和 or 連用表示明確的選擇時，只用 whether 不用 if 。He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus. 他問我是想乘火車還是坐公共汽車去那里。He hesitated about whether he should drive or tak

28、e the train. 他開車去還是坐火車去 , 猶豫不決注:whether 和 or 連用還可以引導讓步狀語從句 ,此時也不用 if 。如：We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我們能否找到所需的工具 ,我們要把這件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, we're playing football on Saturday. 無論下不下雨 , 我們星期六一定踢足球 .8、在動詞不定式之前，

29、只能用 whether ，不能用 if 。The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna. 問題是去慕尼黑還是去維也納 .She doesn't know whether to get married now or wait. 是否現在結婚或是等待她不知道。;.We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow. 我們弄不清是今天走還是明天走 .I'm not sure whether to resign or stay on. 我拿不準主意是辭職還是留任 .四、if 可引導條件

30、狀語從句，譯作“如果”， whether 可引導讓步狀語從句，譯作“不管、無 論”。If I were you，I would not buy Whether he agrees or not ，I shall go there We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not. 不管我們能否找到所需的工具 ,我們要把這件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, we're playing football o

31、n Saturday. 無論下不下雨 , 我們星期六一定踢足球 .五、whether 和 if 均可用來引導主語從句，但 if 引導的從句不能位于句首。Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他們是贏是輸於我都一樣 .（此時 whether 不能換作 if ）It's doubtful whether there'll be any seats left. 說不上還有沒有空座位了 . (此句 whether 能換作 if)六、表語從句、同位語從句用 whether 引導不用 if.The doubt was whether

32、 you had broken the beautiful vase. 疑問是你是否打壞了這只漂亮的 花瓶。The question whether we'll build another lecture building hasn't been settled. 是否要另 建一幢教學樓的問題還未決定。（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句 這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結構的動詞常常是： see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine,sugg

33、est, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise 等。連接代詞 ：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。 連接代詞一般指疑問 ,但 what, whatever 除了指疑問外 ,也可以指陳述 . Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 這本書會告訴你最好的執行總裁該了解什么 . Have you det

34、ermined whether you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎 ?連接副詞有 ：when,where,why,how，在句中擔任狀語的成分。 He didn t tell me when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎 ?None of us knows where these new parts can be

35、 bought. 沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到 .四.賓語從句的時態時態：1、主句是一般現在時，從句根據實際情況使用任何時態。 例句 ：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2、主句是過去時態，從句須用過去時態的某種形式。 例句 ：She was sorry that she hadn t finished her work on time.3、當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現 在時態。例句 ：The teacher told his class that light travels faster

36、than sound.五 賓語從句中的語氣;.虛擬語氣的用法 虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設，懷疑，猜測，建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。1.Wish(表現在-> 過去時；表過去 -> 過去完成時；表將來 ->would+do )I wish I were a bird and could fly freely . I wish I had met that film star yesterday.How I wish it wouldn t rain tomorrow .2.在表示含有“愿望、建議、命令”等詞的各種從句中，從句的謂語動

37、詞用（ should +do ） 一堅持二命令三建議四要求 i- 和-s 雙重性Insist , order, command, advise, suggest , propose, demand, desire, request,require insist/suggestEg: The teacher suggested that he (should) read English aloud.He required that we (should) work all right.It was suggested that the meeting (should) be put off ne

38、xt week.The suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off till next week surprisedus a lot. The suggestion is that the meeting (should) .注：suggest 表“暗示”，表明之意時，insist 表示“堅持認為，硬要說”之意時，不用虛擬。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen

39、 the money.He insisted that he was a Party member and be sent to the front.六、 賓語從句的特殊式1. 復合連接代詞在賓語從句中的使用。如：Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. （whoever= anyone who /any person who）These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them. （whatever=anything

40、that ）It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever 在此處是泛指，不可被 what 替代。而“I cant remember at the moment who has said thewords.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成 whoever。2. it 作形式賓語，從句作真正賓語。（1） 動詞 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause 。that clause 中謂語動詞前可加 s

41、hould，亦可省略。如：I think it important that you （should） attend the conference.（2） 動詞+ it + as + 名詞 / 形容詞 + clause 。如：The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.（3） 動詞+ it + 介詞 + thatclause 。常見的有： owe it to sb. + thatclause （把歸功于某人）， leave it to sb. + thatclause （把留給某人去

42、做）， take it forgranted + thatclause （想當然）， keep it in mind + thatclause （記住）。如：I just took it for granted that he d always be around.You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他會及時趕到的。You may depend on it that we shall always help you. （盡管放心，我們會隨時幫你的。）Ill see to it that all these letter

43、s will be sent to the post before twelve. 我將注意 .Would you see to it that she gets home early? （你負責保證她早到家，好嗎？）He insisted on it that he was innocent. （他堅持說自己是無辜的。）I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. （我讓你自己判斷這事是否該做。）We owe it to you that there wasn t a serious accident. （多虧了你才沒有

44、發生嚴重事 故。）(4) 某些表示“喜怒哀樂”的動詞，如 like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, prefer, appreciate等，往往不能直接接賓語從句；或者當它們后接 if 從句或 when從句，通常應先在動詞后接it 作形式賓語。I dont like it that he s so lazy.（我不喜歡他那么懶惰。）I dont like it when shop assistants follow me around. 我不喜歡店員跟在我后面 .I hate it if you say such things in public. 我討厭你在大庭廣眾

45、之下說那樣的事。He hates it when people talk with their mouths full. 他討厭別人邊說話邊吃東西。;.Id prefer it if I didn t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作那就太好 了。 I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 感激。(5. )用于 have it that( 說，認為)，take it that( 認為)等個別固定表達中。如： I take it (that) you agree. 我以為你同意了。 Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident. 據報道.注意：若賓語從句是 wh- 類,則不可用 it 代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我們都認為你所說的是不可信的 .We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我們發現簡化賓語從句的方法 方法一 ：當主句謂語動詞是 hope， decide ， wish