1、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)梳理第一節(jié) 詞法在英語(yǔ)中，共有 10 大詞類(lèi)，它們是：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。一、名詞1. 什么叫名詞？名詞是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱(chēng)。如：mother 媽媽 panda 熊貓library圖書(shū)館 pencil 鉛筆 wish愿望2. 名詞是如何分類(lèi)的？（1） 名詞根據(jù)意義分為專(zhuān)有名詞和普通名詞。1專(zhuān)有名詞表示特定的人或事物的名稱(chēng)。如：mr green 格林先生the spring festival 春節(jié)the great wall 長(zhǎng)城britain 英國(guó)提示： 1、人名都是專(zhuān)有名詞2、專(zhuān)有名詞的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫(xiě)。2普通名詞是不屬于

2、特定的人或事物名稱(chēng)的詞。普通名詞又分為個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。個(gè)體名詞，如：radio（廣播）， watch（手表）；集體名詞，如： class（班級(jí)）， people（人民）；物質(zhì)名詞，如： milk（牛奶）water（水）；抽象名詞，如：work（工作）， health（健康）。(2)名詞根據(jù)其表示的事物性質(zhì)的不同，分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1可數(shù)名詞表示的事物是可以用數(shù)字一個(gè)一個(gè)數(shù)出來(lái)的，有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。如： a banana 一只香蕉two bananas 兩只香蕉2不可數(shù)名詞表示的事物是不可以用數(shù)字一個(gè)一個(gè)數(shù)出來(lái)的，不分單、 復(fù)數(shù)；抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和專(zhuān)有名詞一

3、般都是不可數(shù)名詞。如：milk 牛奶 ice 冰 idea想法 france 法國(guó)提示：有少數(shù)名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但含義不同。如：fish魚(yú)肉（不可數(shù)） fish 魚(yú)類(lèi)（可數(shù)） chicken 雞肉（不可數(shù)） chicken 小雞（可數(shù)）3. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則是什么？（1） 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成的基本規(guī)則：情況變法例詞一般情況加-s girl-girls book -books 以 sshxch 結(jié)尾的詞加-es bus-buses watch-watches 以 “輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的詞變 y 為 i 再加 es family-falimies strawberr

4、y-strawberries 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞變 f 或 fe 為 v 再加 es half-halves wife-wives 以 o 結(jié)尾的詞加 es 或 s photo-photos piano-pinaos radio-radios zoo-zoos tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes 復(fù)數(shù)形式詞尾是或的讀法如下：情況讀法例詞在 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ 等清輔音后/s/ cakes desks cups 在/s/ /z/ /t / /d /等后/iz/ buses classes watches 在其他情況下/z/ bananas zoos

5、 windows (2)需要特別記住的是英語(yǔ)中有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的。如：man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-children sheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish chinese-chinese 4. 如何表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量？（1） 不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單、 復(fù)數(shù)的區(qū)別，是不能直接以數(shù)字計(jì)算事物的名詞，要表示“一”這個(gè)概念，我們可以用“a+表示數(shù)量的名詞 + of+名詞”的形式。如：a glass of water 一杯水 a cup of tea 一杯茶（2） 如果要表達(dá)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)

6、以上的概念，表示數(shù)量的名詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞不變。 如：two glasses of water 兩杯水 five bags of rice 五袋大米提示：這種形式也可以用于可數(shù)名詞，但名詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a basket ofapples 一籃子蘋(píng)果 five baskets of tomatoes 五籃子西紅柿5. 什么是名詞所有格？名詞中表示所有關(guān)系的形式叫做名詞所有格，意為“的”，一般在名詞后加是s。如 grandma s house 奶奶的房子my parents car 我父母的車(chē)(1) 如果名詞代表的事物是有生命的，那么其所有格有以下幾種形式：分類(lèi)構(gòu)成方式舉例普通單數(shù)

7、名詞在名詞末尾加 s nancy s father 以或結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在名詞末尾加the teachers books 特殊復(fù)數(shù)名詞（不以或結(jié)尾）在名詞末尾加 s children s day 表示共有關(guān)系的在最后一個(gè)名詞的末尾加s jim and henlen s mother（兩人共有一個(gè)媽媽?zhuān)┍硎靖髯运嘘P(guān)系的在每個(gè)名詞的詞尾都加s jim s and henlen s mothers（兩人各自的媽媽?zhuān)┨崾荆罕硎竟矆?chǎng)所、或住宅的名詞，其所有格后面常常省略被修飾的名詞。we will go to my sister s for dinner this afternoon. 今天下午我們將

8、去我姐姐家吃飯。let s go to the barber s. 我們?nèi)ダ戆l(fā)店吧。（2） 如果名詞代表的事物是沒(méi)有生命的，常與組成短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示其所有格，表示前者屬于后者。it s a map of china. 這是一張中國(guó)地圖。the name of the cartoon is cinderella. 這部動(dòng)畫(huà)片的名字是灰姑娘。例題引路一、寫(xiě)出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1baby 2.key 3.strawberry 4.life 5.half 6.woman7.german 8.japanese 答案 1.babies 2.keys 3. strawberries 4.lives 5.halv

9、es 6.women 7.germans 8. japanese 二、翻譯下列詞組1.長(zhǎng)城 2.許多羊 3.三袋大米 4.五籃子雞蛋 5 四位女教師6.八棵蘋(píng)果樹(shù) 7 七張老太太的照片8.她的一個(gè)朋友答案 1 .the great wall 2.many/a lot of sheep 3.three bags of rice 4.five baskets of eggs 5.four women teachers 6.eight apple trees 7.seven photos of an old woman 8.a friend of hers 銜接訓(xùn)練一、寫(xiě)出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.p

10、encil-box 2.wife 3.sunday 4.city 5.dress 6.englishman 7.match 8.chinese 9.exam 10.library 11.radio 12. family 13.boy 14. photo15.tomato 16.dish 17.american 18.dictionary 三、單項(xiàng)選擇1.my father is a .he works in a hospital. a.teacher b. doctor c. farmer d. soldier 2.we need some more .can you go and get s

11、ome ,please? a. potato b. potatos c. potatoes d. a potato 3.in the picture there are many and two . a. sheep; foxes b. sheeps ;foxes c. sheeps; fox d. sheep ; foxs 4.let s meet at 7:30 outside the gate of . a. the people s park b. the peoples park c. the people park d. people s park 5.there are sixt

12、y-seven in our school. a.women s teacher b. women teachers c. women teachers d. women teacher 6.this shop sells apples,bananas and things like these.it s a . a. food shop b. book shop c. fruit shop d. vegetable shop 7.september10th is in china. a.teacher s day b. teachers day c. teacher day d .teach

13、ers day 8.the football under the bed is . a. su hai and liu tao b. su hai s and liu tao s c.su hai s and liu tao d. su hai and liu tao s 9.the post office is a bit far from here. it s about . a. thirty minutes s walk b. thirty minute s walk c. thirty minutes walk d. thirty minutes walk 10. are big a

14、nd bright. a. the classroom window b. the window of the classroom c.the classroom s windowsd.the windows of the classroom 四、用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.are there three (child)playing in the classroom? 2.here re two (bottle)of (milk) for you. 3.daniel always wears a pair of (glass) and he looks clever. 4.we do to

15、o much (homework)every day so we have no time to play. 5.it s sunday and there are so many (people)in the street. 6.you should brush your (tooth)at least twice every day. 五、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1. beijing is ( 中國(guó)的首都 ) 2.i m hungry. please give me（四片面包）3.are these （你父母的照片）？4.i visited （長(zhǎng)城）last year.it s really

16、 wonderful. 5（tom 和 mike 的手表） are new. they bought them last saturday. 6.you can found （一些蘋(píng)果樹(shù)） in the garden. 7.（楊玲和南希的桌子） is very clean,but （她們的椅子）are very dirty. 二、動(dòng)詞1.動(dòng)詞的定義和分類(lèi)動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的一類(lèi)詞。動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)， 要受到主語(yǔ)的限制， 與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上一致。用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件的動(dòng)詞形式稱(chēng)為時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其在句中的功能， 可以分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、 系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類(lèi)。2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（1）實(shí)義動(dòng)

17、詞的分類(lèi)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也叫行為動(dòng)詞， 即表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞， 能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞之分。 及物動(dòng)詞是指后面可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞；不及物動(dòng)詞指后面不可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。we have friends all over the world. 我們的朋友遍天下。george s father lives there. 喬治的爸爸住在那兒。提示：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有很多既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞，如close,begin,study,leave,work等。（3） 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的基本形式有動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式、過(guò)去式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。3.系動(dòng)詞（1）系動(dòng)詞的定義.系動(dòng)詞亦稱(chēng)連系動(dòng)詞，不

18、能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，后面必須跟表語(yǔ)。（2）系動(dòng)詞的功能系動(dòng)詞的主要功能是把表語(yǔ)（名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句）和其主語(yǔ)聯(lián)系在一起，以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。它和其后的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。（3）常見(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞my father isa policeman. you will feel better after a night s sleep.it s getting warmer and warmer in spring. he looked angry/sad/happy. the apples taste very good. 提示：有部分系動(dòng)詞也可以作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞來(lái)使用。he

19、 looked sad at the news. （“看起來(lái)”，系動(dòng)詞用法）he kooked sadiy at the boy. （“看著”，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法）4.助動(dòng)詞（1）助動(dòng)詞的定義助動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法功能詞，本身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。he doesn t like english. (2) 助動(dòng)詞的功能1表示時(shí)態(tài)he is singing. he doesnt go to school on saturday. 2構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句do you like college life? did you study english before you came here? 3與否定副詞 not 連用構(gòu)成否

20、定句i don t like playing computer games. they are not watching tv now. (3)目前學(xué)過(guò)的助動(dòng)詞有： be(am/is/are),do(does/did) 1“am/is/are+ 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。they are having a meeting. english is becoming more and more important. 2do/does/did 構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句、否定句、否定祈使句。do you want to pass the english exam? he doesn t like to stu

21、dy. don t be late for school. 提示： do 也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，表示 “做” 。 變否定句時(shí)必須借助 don t/doesn t/didn t he does homework every day. he doesn t watch tv on school days. 6. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義及功能情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，但要與普通動(dòng)詞一起使用，給謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等得一類(lèi)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般本身無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，其后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞原形。she can swim fast, b

22、ut i can t. you mus t stay here until i come back. （2） 常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法1can 表示能力，意為“會(huì)，能”。表示客觀可能性或推測(cè)時(shí)，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句； she can sing english songs. itcan t (不可能 )be jim.i saw him at school just now. can /may( 可以) i borrow your bike? 2may 表示許可，用于陳述句； 表示正式的請(qǐng)求或許可， 用于一般疑問(wèn)句。回答 may 提出的問(wèn)題，肯定形式為：yes,please./ yes, please d

23、o./yes,certainly./yes,you may. 否定形式為： no,you mustn t./no, you can t./please don t. you may go out to ply now. -may i smoke here? -yes,you may./no you mustn t. 3must 指客觀可能性或猜測(cè)時(shí)，意為“一定”；表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)，必須”時(shí)，其否定形式為 mustn t 意為“禁止，不允許，千萬(wàn)別”。回答由must 構(gòu)成的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定形式為： yes ，主語(yǔ)+must ；否定形式為：no，主語(yǔ) +needn t/don t have to 。it

24、 must (肯定)be nancy s book.her name is on the cover. you mustn t (千萬(wàn)別) play football in the street. -must i hand in my homework tomorrow? -yes, you must. / no, you needn t/don t have to. 4should 表示“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”， shouldn t 表示“不應(yīng)該”。you should tell your mother the truth. you shouldn t make the same mistake. 例

25、題引路一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.my father always (help)my mother with housework. 2.the ships(not be)in the river now;they (be)there a moment ago. 3.our family (have)a new computer last month. 4.i can (do )it better than you . 二、模仿例詞寫(xiě)出所給動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式。例詞:do does doing did 1. write _ _ _ _ 2.carry _ _ _ _ 3.wash _ _ _ _

26、 4.meet _ _ _ _ 銜接訓(xùn)練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.my brother_ a teacher. he _ his pupils very much. a. is ; like b. is; likes c. are; likes d. are; like 2.-how many days_there in a week? -there_seven. a. is; is b.are; is c. is; are d. are; are 3.my english teacher _. a. all look young b. looks young c. look young d. all

27、looks young 4.i _busy now, but i _ free next week. a. am; am b. am; will c. am; will be d. being; will be 5.may i _to helen brown? a. tell b. speak c. talk d. say 6.yang ling can _clothes for the doll. a. make; b. makes c. made d. making 7.she looks _because she will go to hainan for a holiday. a. h

28、appily b. be happy c. happy d. happiness 8. -_i use your pen,dad? -yes,you can . a. may b. do c. am d. must 二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. two and six_(be) eight. 2.there _(be)lots of sheep on the farm last year. 3.the boy with his friends_(have)some homework every day. 4.you must _(listen)to your teacher in cla

29、ss. 5.we like _(watch)cartoons at the weekend. 6.listen! someone _(sing)in the next room. 7.su hai wants_(be)a teacher when she grows up. 8.what _you _(do)last night? 9. _(not speak)loudly in the reading room. 10. i like _(read) very much,but i don t like _(read)today.i m too tired. 三、形容詞1.什么是形容詞？形容

30、詞是用來(lái)修飾或描述名詞或代詞，以說(shuō)明人或事物的性質(zhì)、 狀態(tài)或特征的一類(lèi)詞。 jane is a beautiful girl. is there anything wrong with your mp4? 2.形容詞在句中的位置是怎樣的？幾個(gè)形容詞連用時(shí)，如何排序？（1）形容詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，系動(dòng)詞和不定代詞之后。she is a good girl. i am tall and thin.there is something important to tell her. 提示： 1.有的形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，如：afraid 害怕， alone 獨(dú)自的， asleep 睡著的，

31、awake 醒著的， alive 活著的， well 健康的， ill 病的2.某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類(lèi)人或整體的東西，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the chinese have long history. we should help the old (2) 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的在后. she bought herself a new silk skirt. i have long straight golden hair. 提示：多個(gè)形容詞和其他詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序是：限定詞（冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞） +描繪詞（大小、長(zhǎng)短、形狀、新舊、長(zhǎng)幼、顏色

32、）+出處+材料性質(zhì) +類(lèi)別+名詞3.什么是形容詞的比較等級(jí)？絕大多數(shù)形容詞有三種形式：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。liu hai is as tall as me . (tall 是原級(jí) ) it is warmer today than it was yesterday. (warmer 是比較級(jí) ) she is the best student in her class. (best 是最高級(jí) ) 4.形容詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則是什么？（見(jiàn)八年級(jí)上語(yǔ)法附錄）5.形容詞比較等級(jí)的幾種用法（1）形容詞的原級(jí)可用于兩個(gè)人或事物的比較，常用的有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：1肯定結(jié)構(gòu)： as +形容詞的原級(jí)+ as ，意為

33、“和一樣”。she is as careful as her mother. 2否定結(jié)構(gòu)： not as /so + 形容詞的原級(jí) +as ，意為“不如”。this dish is not as nice as that one. （2）形容詞的比較級(jí)用于兩個(gè)人或事物的比較，常用的有四種結(jié)構(gòu)：1形容詞比較級(jí) +than ，表示“比”。this film is more interesting than that one. 2形容詞比較級(jí) +形容詞比較級(jí)，表示“越來(lái)越”。my sister is getting taller and taller. 3the +形容詞比較級(jí)， the +形容詞比

34、較級(jí)，表示“越越”。the more, the better. the more careful you are ,the fewer mistakes you wii make. 4the +形容詞比較級(jí)+ of the two ，表示“兩者中較的一個(gè)”。tom is the cleverer of the twins. 提示：比較級(jí)前可以加表示程度的副詞much ,even,a little等來(lái)修飾。he is much stronger than mike. (3) 形容詞的最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物的比較，常用“the +形容詞的最高級(jí) +名詞+范圍（of/ in 短語(yǔ)或從句）

35、”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“中最的” 。he is the busiest boy in our class. yao ming is one of the most famous basketball players in nba. 提示：形容詞的最高級(jí)前要加the，但如果形容詞的最高級(jí)前有物主代詞時(shí)，不需要加 the 。 today is my happiest day. 7. 常見(jiàn)形容詞的反義詞，你記住了嗎？bad-good better-worst best-worst big-small/little beautiful-ugly black-white busyfree cheap-expens

36、ive cleandirty clever-foolish cloudy-sunny cool warm cold-hot dangerous-safe dark-bright/light dry-wet early-late easydifficult eastwest far-near sunny-rainy first-last happy-unhappy/sad hard-soft ill-healthy/well light-heavy more-less/few most-least/fewest old-new oldyoung poorrich quiet-noisy same

37、different short-long short-tall slow-quick small-big/large/great strong-weak thin-fat thin-thick 例題引路一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.i have_to do today.i couldn t help you now. a. anything important b. something important c. important nothing d. important something 2.-is chemistry more difficult than physics? -no, chemistr

38、y isn t as _as physics. a.easy b. easier c. difficult d. more difficult 二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。1.liu t ao is not as strong as gao shan. .liu t ao is_ _ gao shan. gao shan.is _ _ liu t ao. 2.david is the tallest student in his class. .david is_than_ _ _ in his class. 銜接訓(xùn)練一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.of the three girls,i found m

39、illie is the _(clever). 2.there are _(few)people here today than yesterday. 3.my sister is two years_(old)than i . 4.jane s parents have four daughters, and she is the _(young)child. 5.the _(cheap)things are not always the worst ones. 6.the short one is _(expensive)of the five. 7.the boy is not so _

40、(interesting)as his brother. 8. she will be much _(happy)in her new house. 二、單項(xiàng)選擇1.he feels_today than yesterday. a. tired b .more tired c. more tireder d. much tired 2.of the two toys,the child chose_. a. the more expensive one b. one most expensive c. a least expensive d.the most expensive of them

41、 3.the line is _than that one. a. more longer b. not longer c. much more longer d. many more longer 4.the book is _of the three. a. thinner b . the thinner c .more thinner d. the thinnest 5.she looks _than she is. a. the more older b, very older c. much older d. more older 6. the garden is becoming

42、_. a. more and more beautiful b. more beautiful and beautiful c. more beautiful and more d. more beautiful and beautifuler 7._hurry, _speed. a. more; less b. much; little c. the more; the less d. the much; the little 8 looking _at his mother, the little boy looked_. a. happy;good b. happy; well c. s

43、ad; sadly d. sadly; sad 三、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1.這本書(shū)跟那本書(shū)一樣有趣。this book is _ _ _that one. 2.這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)有趣。this story is _ _than that one. 3.今天比昨天冷得多。it is _ _ today _ it was yesterday. 4.他對(duì)英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越感興趣。he is becoming _ _ _ _ in english. 5.他吃得越多，就越胖。_ _ he eats , _ _he gets. 6.他比我大兩歲。he is_ _ _ than i. 四、副詞1.什么是副詞？副詞是

44、一種用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、 形容詞、副詞或全句的詞， 以說(shuō)明時(shí)間、 地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。we should listen to our teachers carefully. in spring , i can see flowers everywhere.2.副詞的種類(lèi)有哪些？（1）方式副詞，如 quickly,neatly,happily （2）地點(diǎn)、方位副詞，如here,away,outside,west （3）時(shí)間副詞，如 yesterday,already,just,now,before,later,often,sometimes （4）強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞， very,too,even,only,

45、 4.副詞在句中的位置和排列順序（1）時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)副詞，小在前，大在后。he comes from new york,america.（2）方式副詞，短在前，長(zhǎng)在后。please write slowly and carefully.（3）方式 +地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間the old woman runs very slowly along the river at 6:00 every morning. 4.副詞同形容詞一樣也有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式。5.常見(jiàn)副詞的區(qū)別：（1）very, much, very much very 用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)；much 用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)；very m

46、uch 用于修飾動(dòng)詞。john is very good. this garden is much bigger than that one. i love music very much (2)so , such 1so 修飾形容詞或副詞； such 修飾名詞。my brother runs so fast that i can t follow him. he is such a boy. 2so 修飾的形容詞后可以有一個(gè)單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+形容詞 +a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”； such 可修飾可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，名詞前可以有形容詞作定語(yǔ)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“such+（a/an

47、）+形容詞 +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) /復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞” 。he is so clever a boy.=he is such a clever boy. it is such cold weather. they are such good students. 提示：如果可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many,few 或不可數(shù)名詞前有much ，little 修飾，用 so 不用 such。(3)also ,too, as well, either also ,too, as well, 用于肯定句， also 常用于 be 動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前， too, as well 用于句末； eit

48、her 用于否定句末。my father is a teacher. my mother is also a teacher. = my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher as well. = my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher,too. i can t speak french. jenny can t speak french,either. (4) sometime, sometimes, some time, some times sometime 意為“某一時(shí)間“，可指將來(lái)

49、，過(guò)去；sometimes 意為“有時(shí)”；some time 指“一段時(shí)間”； some times 指“幾次，幾倍”。we ll have a test sometime next month. sometimes we are busy and sometimes,we are not. he stayed in beijing for some time last year. i have been to beijing some times. 例題引路一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.he is too tired and he can t walk as_(quick)as his f

50、ather. 2.i feel _(well)today than yesterday. 3.helen draws_(care)of the girls in her class. 二、單項(xiàng)選擇1.remember not to speak_when we are in the reading room. a. fast b. slowly c. politely d.loudly 2.-what was the weather like yesterday? -it was terrible.it rained so _that people could_go out. a.hardly;

51、 hard b. hardly; hard c. hard ; hardly d. hard; hard 3.there was an accident at the corner._,the girl wasn t _hurt. a.luckily; badly b.luck; hardly c. lucky; heavily d. lucky;strongly 銜接訓(xùn)練一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.who gets up _(early),yang linor miss liu? 2.tom did well in the exam,so his classmates spoke_(hi

52、gh)of him. 3. he put on his coat and went out _(quick) 4.it s dangerous to stand outside,for the wind is blowing _(strong). 5.he learns math _(quick) than the other students. 6.english is _(wide)used in the world. 7.they don t know why you talked to them so _(angry.) 8.it is raining _(heavy),so you

53、d better not go out now. 9.he did the work as _(careful) as most of us. 10.li lei and lin tao are working much_(hard)than before. 二、單項(xiàng)選擇1. jack s brother doesn t work so _as jack. a. harder b. hard c . hardest d. hardly 2.jim speaks chinese very_. a. good b. better c. well d. best 3.he drives much _

54、than he did three years ago. a. careful b. carefully c . more careful d. more carefully 4. i think math is _more difficult than english. a. much b. very c. too d. so 5. my son looks _today.he is playing _with other children. a. happy; happy b. happy ; happily c. happily; happily d. happily; happy 6.

55、 look! there is _ice on the lake. a. too much b. too many c. much too d. so many 7.she walked into the room _because her mother was sleeping. a. clear b.quiet c.quick . d. quietly 8. jim s computer is _than _. don t you think so? a. a lot newer; lin tao b. very new; lin tao s c. much newer; lin tao

56、s d.a little newer; lin tao 五、數(shù)詞1.什么是數(shù)詞？表示數(shù)目“多少”和順序“第幾”的詞叫數(shù)詞。 分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。 參看課本，記牢讀音和拼寫(xiě)。2. 基數(shù)詞的用法（1）表示“哪一年”，每?jī)晌粩?shù)一讀。1998 年，讀作 nineteen ninety eight 20xx 年讀作 two thousand and nine (2)表示“幾點(diǎn)”at five o clock （3）表示編號(hào)no.101 bus (4)表示加減乘除one and two is three. (5)表示小數(shù)5.3 讀作five point three (6)表示百分?jǐn)?shù)40% 讀作forty

57、percent 3.什么情況下用序數(shù)詞？（1） 表示日期3 月 8 號(hào)寫(xiě)作：march (the) eighth 讀作： march the eighth （2）表示分?jǐn)?shù)1/6 one sixth 3/5 three fifths 例題引路單項(xiàng)選擇1.about _of the books in our school library are written in chinese. a. fourth-fifth b. four-fifth c. four-fifths d. fourths-fifth 2. the road is over _meters long. a. six hundr

58、ed and fifty-two b. six hundreds and fifty two c. six hundred , fifty-two d. six hundred , fifty and two 3.january _is new year s day. a. first b. two c. the first d. the second there were _people in the meeting room yesterday. a. two hundreds b. two hundred of c. hundreds of d. hundred of 銜接訓(xùn)練一根據(jù)句意

59、，填入合適的數(shù)詞。1.su hai is _(12)years old.she is in class _(5)grade_(6). 2.september is the _(9)month in a year. 3.which girl is thinner,the _(2)one or the _(3) one? 4.one _years is a century(世紀(jì))。5.there are _minutes in an hour. 二、單項(xiàng)選擇1.-how many students are there in your school? -_the students in our sc

60、hool_over two thousand. a.the number of ;is b. the number of;are c. a number of;is d. a number of;are 2. the new student is in _. a. class 2 b. class second c. 2 class d. class 2 3.-how many teachers are there in your school? -_, but i m not sure. a. hundreds b. hundred c. hundred of d. one hundred