1、1高中英語之“主謂一致”（*）主謂一致的概念。所謂主謂一致是指“主語和謂語動詞”之間，即（主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式）決定著（謂 語動詞對應(yīng)的形式）。（一）主謂一致的種類一、【語法一致】1. and連接兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時候，謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：（1）如果指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。He and she_both stude nts of this school.他和她都是這個學(xué)校的學(xué)生。（2）如果連接兩個以上的名詞指的是同一個人或物，或者指同一概念的時候，謂語要用單數(shù)。The sin ger and dancer_ going to give u

2、s a performa nee.那個歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。The knife and fork_ on the table.刀叉在桌子上。2.如果主語是不定式，動詞ing形式或主語從句的時候,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。When he is coming seems very importa nt.他什么時候要來看起來很重要。Collect ing stamps is his hobby.收集郵票是他的愛好。To love her is not to break her win gs.愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。3.定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which，that在從句中作主語時，要與先

3、行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom，who is your friend，should help you.with，along with，together with，as well as，besides，like，without，except，but，in cludi ng女口果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用，謂語動詞的數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化。例如：The teacher，together with his students，is planting trees in the street.老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。二、意義一

4、致原則指主謂一致取決于主語的其實際意義。（有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù)，但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。） 不定代詞all，more，some，any，none作主語，謂語動詞視情況而定。All of the apples_ rotte n.所有的蘋果都爛了All of the apple_ rotte n.整個蘋果都爛了。None of the money_ left.2沒有剩下一點錢。3None of the students _ there.沒有學(xué)生在那里。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; pe

5、rcent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。Half of the students _ finished their composition.一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _ bad.一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _ boys.我們學(xué)校,大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.3.集合名詞作主語,動詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強調(diào)整體謂語動詞用單 數(shù)；指全體人員時,動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有pub

6、lic, family, class, crowd, population,team, group。His family _going out.他們?nèi)乙獬觥is family _all music lovers.他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜摺?.某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數(shù),但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指 “民族”時是例外。The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如someone

7、 ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything,everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you.有人找你。Nothing is found in the room.在屋子里什么也沒找到。一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, clothes,trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of,

8、 a pair of , a series of等加 名詞”構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：The pair of shoes is worn out.這雙鞋破了。The shoes are worn out.鞋子破了。7.某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics等，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。Physics is a very interesting subject.物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。如：不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。every. and every .; e

9、ach . and each .; no . and no .在以上短語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞,整個短語在句中作主語時,謂語動詞常使用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. Eachman and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy andevery girl in the class is diligent.No sound and no voice is heard.9.以a number of作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；以the number of作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。班級中

10、的每個男孩女孩都很用功。聽不到任何聲音。4A nu mber of new books are on the desk.The nu mber of stude nts in you class is 50.10.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣，作主語的時候，其謂語動詞由上下文決定,這一類名詞有：means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chin ese, Japa nese等。Not every means is useful.不是每種方法都好使。Not all means are useful.不是所有的方法都好使。11.如果主語有more than one很多 非常

11、或many a許多.構(gòu)成，one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語。盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：More tha n one stude nt has read the book.Many a girl has bee n there.但是，more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：More members than one are against your plan.A pair of shoes was on the desk.Ma ny a boy has seen it.許多孩子都看到了。12.書刊名、時間、距

12、離、價格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。Thirty years is not a long time.Roots is a famous America n no vel.三、就近原則either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主語的時候或者在there be句型中，謂語動詞要和就近的主語保持一致。Neither you nor I am wrong.There is a cup of tea and some appleson the table.Not only the stude nt

13、s but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.四、就前原則as well as, together with, but, except,like,besides,ratherthan在句子中連接主語的時候，謂語動詞要與前面的主語保持一致Everybody except you is dow n on me.除了你，大家都看不起我。A woma n with two childre n has come.一位婦女帶著兩個孩子已經(jīng)來了Joh n, rather tha n his roommates, is to blame.約翰，而不是他的室友，應(yīng)受責(zé)備

14、Jim, together with his classmates, has see n the film.吉姆和他的同學(xué)都看看過這電影注意事項this kind of book = a book of this kind （這種書），其謂語用單數(shù)；短語this kind of men = men of this kind = thesekind of men （口語）（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。5例如：This kind o

15、f men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.2.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如:Between the two windows hangs a picture.3.“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由 “a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, halfof +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:Lots

16、of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“the numberof +名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of

17、pages in this book is two hundred.a （large） quantity of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Quantities of food （nuts） were on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities意為 “大量”; in small quantities意為“少量” 。4. a great deal o

18、f, a large amount of,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù); large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:5.表示數(shù)量的one and a half后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table. 6.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，依照意義一致的原則，表示單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)；反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類名詞有：sheep, deer, means（方法、手段）,works（工廠）,species（種類）7.在

19、主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.高中英語主謂一致專項練習(xí)題及答案從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _ beenplanted.A. are; haveB. is; hasC. is; haveD. are; has2. The number of teachers in our college _

20、 greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in thisschool _ from the countryside.A. was; isB. was; areC. were; are D. were; is3. What _ the population of China? One-third of the population _workers here.A. is; areB. are; areC. is; isD. are; is4. Not only he but also we _ right. He as well as w

21、e _right.A. are; areB. are; isC. is; isD. is; are5. What hed like _ a digital watch. What hed like _textbooks.A. are; areB. is; is C. is; are D. are; is66. He is one of the boys who _ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time.A. has come; have comeB. have come; has comeC. has c

22、ome; has comeD. have come; have come7. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present?A. are; AreB. is; AreC. are; Is D. is; Is8. Many a professor _ looking forward to visiting Germany now.Many scientists _ studiedanimals and plants in the last two years.A. is;

23、haveB. is; hasC. are; haveD. is; are9. A knife and a fork _ on the table. A knife and fork _ on the table.A. is; isB. are; areC. are; isD. is; are10. Her family _ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _ dancing and singingwhen I came in last night.A. were; wasB. was; were C. was; wasD. we

24、re; were11. How and why Jack came to China _ not known. When and where to build the new library_ not been decided.A. is; hasB. are; has C. is; have D. are; have12. Now Tom together with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. playB. are playing C. plays D. is playing13. Two hundred and fifty

25、pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.A. isB. are C. were D. be14. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were D. was15. Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child _ about it.A. were talkingB. was talking C. talkD. talks16. We each _ strong points and ea

26、ch of us on the other hand _ weak points.A. have; haveB. has; have C. has; hasD. have; has17. My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.A. raceB. racesC. is racedD. is racing18. There _ a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk.A. areB. isC. hasD. have19. The factory, includ

27、ing its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night.A. isB. areC. wereD. was20. Climbing hills _ of great help to health.A. isB. areC. wereD. be21. Time and tide _ for no man.22. The injured in the tsunami _ good care of by some medical teams.A. is taken B. are being takenC. are taking D. is being ta

28、ken23. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited.A. makesB. is made C. make D. are made24. On the closet _ a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday.A. lying B. lies C. lie D. is laid25. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A. waitB.waitedC. is w

29、aiting D. has waited726. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north andforeign countries.A. are; isB. is; isC. is; areD. are; are27.Is there anybody in the classroom ?No, the teacher, together with the students _ to the playground.A. go B. wentC. has goneD.

30、have gone28.Are these your sheep ?No. Mine _ on grass at the foot of the hill.A. are feeding B. feed C. is fedD. is feeding29. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _ a very shygirl with two bright eyes.A. was B. areC. wereD. there was30. Mr. Bush, together with his

31、wife and daughter _ going to Japan next week.A. areB. isC. will beD. would be31. Not the teacher but the students _ excited.A. isB. hasC. are D. have32. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.A. are B. was C. is D. were33._ of the land in that district _ cov

32、ered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; isA. isB. wasC. areD. were8答案及部分解析：1-5 CBABC 6-10 BBACB 11-15 ADAAB 16-20 DBBDA 21-26ABCBBD 27-33 C A A B C C D1.“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of the+名詞或代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞或代詞的單、 復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.“the number of+名詞”作主語，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。 “a

33、number of+名詞” 作主語，謂語動詞 常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3.“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of the population”作主語，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4. or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also等(關(guān)聯(lián))連詞連接兩個并列主語時， 謂語動詞的數(shù)按 “就近原則”處理。注意：即使在疑問句中，動詞的數(shù)也應(yīng)與最近的主語保持一致。as well as連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與前一主語保持一致。5. what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。但當(dāng)作表語的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，或what從 句是一個具有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如：What I say and think are nobusiness of yours.6.在on