1、Unit 4EarthquakeLearning about languageDiscovering useful words and expressions 1 Find the correct word or expression for each of the following meanings. 1. _ of no use2. _ all the people in a country3. _ a lot of4. _ matter that not clean5. _ finished 6. _ very great in degree7. _ immediatelyuseles

2、snationa great number ofdirtat an endextremeright away8. _ gas that hot water gives out9. _ make someone feel very surprised 10. _ metal bars that a train moves along11. _ save something or somebody from danger 12. _ the part of a building left after the rest has been destroyed steamshocktrackrescue

3、ruin2 What words would be used when we talk about earthquakes?EarthquakesFeelingssadnervouslonelydamageshomesmoneyRescue workdoctorsnursessoldierseventsSanFranciscoTangshanWenchuanbuildingslives It was a frightening night. The dam cracked and then _ under the weight of the water. The water went all

4、over the fields and _ quite a few villages along the river. burstdestroyed3 Complete the passage with words from the text. Some buildings were in _ and some farmers were _ at the top of their houses. The water filled the canals and the _. Dead bodies and _ animals were seen everywhere. People were _

5、, but they had to _ dead bodies for health reasons. It was a very sad time.ruinstrappedwellsinjuredshockedbury4 Work in groups. Read some of the sentences and complete the others. When the earthquake came, it was as if the world was at an end.When the houses fell down, it sounded as if _. a mountain

6、 had blown upWhen the dam broke, it looked as if the sea had arrived suddenly on our doorstep.When the bricks covered the ground, it was as if _.When the coal mines fell, the ground above looked as if it would crack.When the cows ran down the road, they looked as if _.stones were flowing like water

7、they were driven by an unseen handWhen the shock hit us, we felt as if we were going to die.When the nation turned to help us in our need, it seemed as if _. all China was thinking of us and was coming to our aidGrammar The Attributive Clause Declan is a famous singer.He sings the song tell me why.D

8、eclan is a famoussinger who sings the song tell me why.He is a little boy.He is eating .He is a little boy who is eating.nHe is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.nHe is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。結局好結局好, 一切都好。一切都好。真正的友誼猶如健康的身體真正的友誼猶如健康的身體, 失去時失去時

9、方知其可貴。方知其可貴。ProverbsFriendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.All is well that ends well.He who laughs last laughs best.修飾主語、賓語、表語的句子就叫做修飾主語、賓語、表語的句子就叫做定語從句。定語從句。引導定語從句的關聯詞有：引導定語從句的關聯詞有：定語從句定語從句關系代詞：關系代詞：who, whom whose, which, that 關系副詞：關系副詞：when, where定語從句的位置定語

10、從句的位置定語從句一定放在被修飾成分之后。定語從句一定放在被修飾成分之后。e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.先行詞先行詞定語從句定語從句Do you know the man?He spoke just now. Do you know the man who spoke just now?applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red

11、 is small.The apple which is green is big.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news. I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.I showed him the letter.I received it this morning. I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.引導定語從句的關系代詞引導定語從句的關系代詞 that which

12、who whom whose That 即指人又指物即指人又指物, 作主語或賓語。作主語或賓語。Which 指物指物, 作主語或賓語。作主語或賓語。who, whom 指人指人, who 作主語作主語, whom作賓語。作賓語。that, which, whom在定語從句中在定語從句中作賓語時作賓語時, 可省去?？墒∪?。Whom 指人指人, 在從句中作賓語，可省略。在從句中作賓語，可省略。e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?The girl is from America.I called her just n

13、ow. The girl (whom) I called just now is from America. 1. that 在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物。在從句中作主語或賓語，指人和物。 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious. 3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.(主語主語)(賓語賓語)(主語主

14、語)(賓語賓語)2. Which 在從句中作主語或賓語，指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，指物。1) They planted the trees which didnt need much water. (主語主語) 2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. (賓語賓語)3. who, whom 在從句中分別作主語和在從句中分別作主語和賓語賓語 (口語中口語中who也可作賓語也可作賓語)。1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. (主語主語)2) The boy

15、who broke the window is called Michael. (主語主語) 3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (賓語賓語) 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write. (賓語賓語)4. whose 在從句中作定語，指人或在從句中作定語，指人或物。物。1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. 2) This is the boy whose composition

16、 the teacher talked of. 3) This is the book whose cover is blue. that和和which在指物的情況下一般在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.(1)先行詞為先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等等 不定代詞時。不定代詞時。Note This is the fir

17、st book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(3) 先行詞被序數詞或最高級修飾時。先行詞被序數詞或最高級修飾時。(4) 先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時。修飾時。Ive read all the books that are not mine. (2) 先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時。等修飾時。The boss in whose company my father

18、 worked is a very kind person.1. 關系代詞關系代詞whose還可以在從句中還可以在從句中 與它所修飾的詞一起作介詞賓語。與它所修飾的詞一起作介詞賓語。Note 2. 當先行詞是當先行詞是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等等, 指人時一般用指人時一般用who, 不用不用that. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 在以疑問詞在以疑問詞who開頭的句子中開頭的句子中, 或關系代或關系代

19、詞在從句中作表語時詞在從句中作表語時, 用用that, 不用不用who。Who is the man that is shouting there?She is not the girl that she used to be.3. 先行詞是人，從句中缺動詞賓語或先行詞是人，從句中缺動詞賓語或 介詞賓語時，用介詞賓語時，用whom或或that(介詞介詞 后不用后不用 that)。The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it. He is the student (whom, who, that

20、) youwant to see.關系代詞關系代詞that, which , whom 在從句中作在從句中作賓語時可省略掉。但放在介詞后面時則賓語時可省略掉。但放在介詞后面時則不可省略。不可省略。Complete the following sentences with that, which, who or whose. Then translate them into Chinese orally. 1. Here are my neighbours _home was destroyed by earthquake. 2. The terrible shaking of the buil

21、ding woke up all the people _were asleep. 3. The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything _ they could find. whosewhothat/省略省略4. Several days later most of the buildings _had been damaged were repaired.5. This frightened boy _ mother were lost in the disaster is looking for

22、 her now.6. We went to see our teacher_ husband lost his life in the earthquake.7. “Is this the young man _ saved several people trapped under buildings?” she asked.8. A number of children _parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in the other cities.that/whichwhosewhosewhosewho

23、Based on the example in the text book, rewrite the following sentences by yourself.1. The girl was rescued from the well.The girl was rescued from the well _ was nearby our school.The girl was rescued from the well _ was newly built.The girl _ is my classmate was rescued from the well.The girl _ fam

24、ily were died was rescued from the well. 3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.1. The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906

25、 earthquake.that/which that/who which/that 6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher.4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.which/thatwho/whom/thatwhose7. Look at that lady _ name is Rose.8. He is a t

26、eacher _ I like very much.9. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.10. Those _will go to the park stay here.11. That was all the money _I had.whose whom/who/thatwhich/that whothat12. Is there any one here _ name is Tom?13. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered i

27、n the school.14. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing.15. I dont know the way _ he worked out.16. The person to_ you just talked is Mr. Li.whosethatthatthat/in whichwhom1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terr

28、ible.3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?改錯改錯whomwhosethat4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths.5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?7. There is an old woman, that is holdin

29、g a stick. arewholikes1. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A.whose B. that C. who D. which 【2013福建福建】高考鏈接：高考鏈接：【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查定語從句。其中考查定語從句。其中those作為先行詞，定作為先行詞，定 語從句中缺少語從句中缺少lives的定語，故用的定語，故用whose。 2. Happiness and success often come to those _are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whomB. who C. whatD. whic