1、名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)一、主語從句主語從句通常放在謂語動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞前，常位于復(fù)合句句首。1引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(1)從屬連詞that / whetherThat they were sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.Whether hell come here isnt clear. (2) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever (3) 連接副詞 where, when, how, why如：What she did is

2、 not yet known. How this happened is not clear to anyone. Whoever comes is welcome.2主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：A.It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, necessary, important, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。It is certain that she will do well in her

3、 exam. It is probable that he told her everything. B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, a shame, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：Its a pity that we cant go. Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. C. It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, a

4、rranged, etc.)+that從句。如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.D. It+seem, happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語+that從句。如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. It happened that I was out that day. E. It+doesnt matte

5、r (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. F.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? Does it matter much that they will not c

6、ome tomorrow? G. 當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 3注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) Whichever of you comes in will receive a pri

7、ze. (whichever=anyone of you who)二、賓語從句 在復(fù)合句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 A. 作動(dòng)詞賓語 He told us（that）he felt ill. Do you know whose dictionary it is? He has informed me when they are to discuss the work plan. 注意： doubt（懷疑）的肯定句接if / whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，但否定句和疑問句接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 I doubt whether if he will succeed. I do

8、not doubt that he can recite the poem. Do you doubt that he will win? B作介詞的賓語 He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. They were praised or criticized according to how they had done their work. He goes to the library

9、 every day except when it is raining. 注意： that引導(dǎo)的賓從只用在少數(shù)介詞后，如：except, in, but等。此時(shí)，that不能省略。 I know little about him except that he lives downstairs. He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. C. 作形容詞的賓語 I am not sure what I ought to do. Im afraid (that) you dont un

10、derstand what I said. D. 用it作形式賓語的情況 1和it作形式主語一樣，我們常用it作形式賓語，把真正的賓語從句放在句末，這種情況尤其出現(xiàn)在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. He has made it clear that he will not give n. 他已表明他不會(huì)屈服。 2因?yàn)閠hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般不能夠直接作介詞的賓語，所以當(dāng)介詞后面需要用that從句作賓語時(shí)，必須使用it作形式賓語。 You may depend on it that

11、I shall always support you. Ill see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 3在take, hide, see to, insist on, depend on等動(dòng)詞以及一些表示愛好的動(dòng)詞（enjoy, hate, like, love, dont mind, resent 等）之后，形式賓語it可直接跟賓語從句。 I take it that hes not interested in the book. She hid it that she was married. I dont

12、like it when you look at me like that! 4. it不能作由連接代詞 whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的形式賓語。 You may do whatever you will. Ill take whichever book interests me. We are ready to offer help to whoever needs it. E賓語從句的語序 和其他名詞性從句一樣，賓語從句必須使用陳述語序，不能用疑問語序。 How can I get to the statio

13、n?( Can you tell me?) Can you tell me how I can get to the station He asked me what was the matter. (the matter = wrong) F賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài) 1在一般情況下，賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)要和主句相一致，尤其是主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。 He said that he had lived in Beijing since liberation. He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English. 2有時(shí)，賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)也能夠和主句不一

14、致。 You cant imagine how they were excited when they won the first place in the game. Can you make sure where you have put the gold ring? 3客觀真理和自然規(guī)律的內(nèi)容在賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。 Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun. G關(guān)于that的省略 一般情況下，賓從中的that能夠省略。但在下列幾種情況下，that一般不可省略。 1介詞后面的that不能省。 Peter is a good st

15、udent except that he is sometimes careless. 2并列連詞and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句，and前面的that能夠省略， and的后面的that不能省略。 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month. 3that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句位于句首時(shí)，that不可省略。 That he ev

16、er said such a thing I simply dont believe. 4主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語，that不可省略。 He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. 5賓語從句中有其他從屬連詞時(shí)，that不能省略。 He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night. H賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 在think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，如有否定

17、意思，一般要把否定詞前移到主句的語上，從句的謂語用肯定的形式。 I dont think he can do it better than me. I dont suppose he cares, does he?提示： 在下列情況下，賓語從句不否定轉(zhuǎn)移： 1think等詞前有副詞和表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的do I really expect he wont fail the examination. I do think that he is not fair. 2think等詞和其他詞構(gòu)成并列謂語 I think and hope that he wont cheat at cards. 3think等

18、詞作為插入語 His decision is not wise, I think.I使用虛擬語氣的賓語從句 1在suggest, advise, insist, order, demand, request, require, command, propose, desire, recommend等表示建議、命令、要求、欲望動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句中，用虛擬語氣，即should +動(dòng)詞原形，should常被省略。 He suggested that we should have a further discussion about the final decision. She insisted that they should show her their passports. 2在wish后面的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 How I wish I had learned more! J含有賓語從句復(fù)合句的反意疑問句 反意疑問句一般與主句一致。 He said they were going to help me, didnt he？ She told you that the mat was her own work, didnt she? 當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱，謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, consider, imagine,