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1、現在完成時態的標志詞一般現在時:often, usually, always, sometimes, never, seldom, every week/day/year/month., once a week, on Sundays一般過去時:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year/night/month., in 1989, just now, at the age of five, one day, ago, long ago, once upon a time, then(那時), on that day, 現在

2、進行時:now, at this time, these days, Listen! Look! at this moment/time過去進行時:at this time yesterday,at that time或when + 一般過去時從句, at 1:00 last night 現在完成時: recently, recent years, these days/years, lately, since, for + 時段, in the past few years, ever since, in the last five months, up to now, since then

3、, so far, ever, never, yet, lately, once, twice, three/four times., already, before, just.過去完成時: before, by the end of last year/term/month.一般將來時: tomorrow, next day/week/month/year., soon, in a few minutes, by., the day after tomorrow, in the future過去將來時: the next day/morning/year.,the following mo

4、nth/week.現在完成時:already, yet, so far, as yet, lately ,recently,these days/weeks/years, until now, up to now, since+ 時間點, for+時間段, in the last/past( few years)等過去式:以前的某個時間點如yesterday,one year ago等, in the past一般現在時:always, usually, often, sometimes等現在完成時英語16種時態中不易掌握的一種時態,不僅用法法復雜,而且還通常要與某些特定的詞語連用。本文對現在

5、完成時通常連用的詞語作一歸納,供大家參考。一、since不管since 是用作介詞、連詞還是副詞,它通常都與現在完成時連用。如:Charles has worked hard since leaving school. 自從離開學校以來查爾斯工作一直很努力。(since為介詞) Great changes have taken place here since 1978. 自1978年以來這里發生了巨大的變化。(since為介詞)Her reading has improved greatly since she changed schools. 自從她轉校以來,她的閱讀水平提高了很多。(si

6、nce為連詞) You havent changed muchfy; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-s since we last met. 自從上次我們見面以來,你變化不大。(since為連詞) She moved to London last May and has since got a job on a newspaper. 她去年五月到倫敦,此后一直在報社工作。(since為副詞) He left school in 1983. I havent seen him since. 他1983年離開學校。打那時起我一直沒見過他。(

7、since為副詞)【幾點說明】1. 表示時間長度時,通常用一般現在時代替現在完成時。如:How long is it since you arrived? 你到來多久了?It is =has been ten years since he left here. 他離開這兒已10年了。2. 對于某些表示狀態(如seem等)的動詞,或因句義等方面的原因,有時可能用一般現在時比用現在完成時更合適。如:It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見面了。 Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge com

8、e to $48? 從什么什候開始42元加5元的服務費等于48元了? 3. 若不是指從過去持續到現在,而是指從較遠的過去持續到一個較近的過去,則用過去完成時。比較:He hasnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 自星期二以來他一直未吃東西。(自星期二以來他一直未吃東西。指從星期二到現在未吃東西)Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。(指從星期二至昨天未吃東西二、in the last five years類似于in the las

9、t five years的時間狀語,它若表示從現在算起的過去一段時間內,通常要與現在完成時連用。如:This company has come a long way in the last five years. 最近五年這個公司已經前進了一大步。The house has changed hands three times in the last two years. 在過去兩年中,這棟房子已轉手三次。Is that the sum of what youve done in the last two years? 這就是你最近兩年中完成的全部數量嗎?【注】其中的介詞in有時也可換成for,

10、 during, over, within 等,有時也可省去。如:I have been here for the last two weeks. 最近兩周我一直在這里。Over the last few years, prices have fallen sharply. 在過去的幾年中,價格已急劇下降了。My business has decreased during the last two months. 最近兩個月內,我的生意減少了。另外,若不是表示從現在算起的過去一段時間,則不用現在完成時。如:Jim managed two goals in the last ten minute

11、s. 在最后的10分鐘內,吉姆設法得了兩分?!颈容^】I didnt see much of Harry in the last months. 在最后的幾個月中,我很少看見哈里。I havent seen much of Harry in the last months. 在最近的幾個月中,我很少看見哈里。三、in the past five years類似于in the past five years的時間狀語,它表示從現在算起的過去一段時間,因此通常要與現在完成時連用。如:的時間狀語,它表示從現在算Ive seen little of her in the past few weeks.

12、近幾周我很少見到她。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past five years. 過去五年我們種了成千上萬棵樹。Population has increased by 200% in the past 25 years. 人口在過去25年內增加了200%。【注】其中的介詞in有時也可換成for, during, over, within 等,有時也可省去。如:Hes been in a coma for the past six weeks. 在過去的六個星期中,他一直昏迷不醒。People have changed their diets a

13、 lot over the past few years. 在過去的幾年中,人們的飲食習慣已改變了很大。Within the past few minutes, the President has issued a statement. 在過去的幾分鐘里,總統發表了一項聲明。另外,有時可能用含有情態動詞的完成式。如:I must have slept three hours in the past day and a half. 在過去的一天半時間里,我肯定只睡了三個小時。四、over the yearsover the years 的意思是“這些年來”“經過這么多年之后”“最近幾年”,通常表

14、示的是從現在算起的過去幾年,因此通常與現在完成時連用。如:Shes brought us so much happiness over the years. 這些年來,她給我們帶來了不少的幸福。Weve had a few arguments over the years, but in general we get on very well. 最近幾年來,我們爭吵過幾次,但總的說來,我們相處得很好。Womens social status hasnt changed much over the years. 這些年來婦女的社會地位沒有多大改變。Over the years Ive learn

15、t to remember how to survive, and how to forget pain. 這些年來,我已經學會了記住怎樣掙扎求生和怎樣忘卻痛苦?!咀ⅰ慨敳粡娬{對現在的影響時,該短語有時也可與一般過去時或過去完成時連用。如: Over the years, her love for him deepened. 在過去的幾年中,她對他的愛進一步加深了。Shed suffered terribly over the years but it hadnt made her bitter. 她在過去的幾年中吃了不少苦,但這并沒有讓她產生怨恨。有時over the years還可表示在將

16、來的幾年中,此時可與將來時態連用。如:The brickwork will mellow over the years so that it blends with the surroundings. 再過幾年,這磚墻將會變柔和,這樣它就會與周圍的環境和諧一致了。五、so far當so far表示“到目前為止”時,它指的是從過去某時持續到現在的一段時間,因此通常與現在完成時連用。如:So far there has been no bad news. 到現在為止還沒有什么壞消息。We agreed to meet here but so far he hasnt turned up yet.

17、我們講好在這里見面的,但到目前為止他還沒有來。So far the work has been easy, but things may change. 到目前為止,這工作很容易,但情況可能有變化。Thankfully, the land has so far escaped . 謝天謝地,至今這塊土地尚未開發過?!咀ⅰ慨攕o far表示“到這種程度或范圍”時,則不一定與現在完成時連用,而是可以根據情況選用時態。如:I can only help him so far. 我只能幫他到這種程度。六、up to nowup to nowup to now 的意思是“到現在為此”,指從過去持續到現在

18、的一段時間,通常與現在完成時連用。如:Up to now hes been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默。Her life has run smoothly up to now. 她的生活到目前仍一帆風順。Up to now, the work has been easy. 到現在為止這工作還算容易。七、until nowuntil now 的意思是“直到現在(為止)”,表示從過去某時持續到現在的一段時間,通常與現在完成時連用。如:Until now I have always lived alone. 我一直獨自生活至今。Until now the President has shut

19、 his eyes to this problem. 總統至今仍對這個問題視而不見。【注】以下兩句中的until now比較特殊,因為其中的until與前面的“否定”構成了類似于notuntil(直到才)這樣的句式,此時,句子通常用一般過去時。如:(直到才)這樣的句式,此時,句子通常用一般過去時。如:I was unaware of his existence until now. 現在我才知道有他這么個人。I never realized I loved you until now. 我至今才意識到我愛你。另外,until有兩個意思,一是表示“到為止”,二是表示“在以前”,所以until n

20、ow除表示“到現在為止”外,有時還可表示“在此之前”(即過去),此時它可與一般過去時連用。如:Until now I thought that this sort of accident was the owners fault but now I know differently. 過去我一直認為這類事故是車主的過錯,但現在我有了不同看法。八、Its the first time thatIts the first second, third time that 的意思是“這是第一次(第二次、第三次)做某事”。句首的it有時也可換成this, that等。如:Its the second t

21、ime Ive come here. 這是我第二次來這兒。Its the first time that he has seen an elephant. 這是他第一次見到大象。This is the first time that Ive heard her sing. 這是我頭一次聽她唱歌。若主句用一般過去時,則that從句通常用過去完成時。如:It was the first time that I had ever driven a taxi. 這是我第一次開出租車。九、just副詞just表示“剛剛”時,在英國英語中常與現在完成時連用,而在美國英語中常與一般過去時連用。如:He (h

22、as) just arrived in Japan. 他剛到日本。The clock (has) just struck three. 鐘剛敲過三點。Poor Jim (has) just had an accident. 可憐的吉姆剛出個事故。 十、before,imes New Roman; mso-han recently, in the past副詞before的意思是“以前”,副詞recently的意思是“最近”,介詞短語in the past的意思是“過去”。一般說來,它們既可與現在完成時連用(強調對現在的影響或與現在的聯系),也可與一般過去時連用(客觀地陳述過去的情況)。如:客觀

23、地陳述過去的情況I (have) read the book before. 我以前讀過這本書。He has done did this sort of work before. 他以前干過這種工作。I hear that he went has gone abroad recently. 我聽說他最近出國了。In the past I (have) had many jobs. 以前我做過許多工作。In the past people thought that the sun turned round the earth. 過去人們認為太陽是繞著地球轉。英語中哪些詞常與現在完成時連用現在完成

24、時英語16種時態中不易掌握的一種時態,不僅用法法復雜,而且還通常要與某些特定的詞語連用。本文對現在完成時通常連用的詞語作一歸納,供大家參考。一、since不管since 是用作介詞、連詞還是副詞,它通常都與現在完成時連用。如:Charles has worked hard since leaving school. 自從離開學校以來查爾斯工作一直很努力。(since為介詞) Great changes have taken place here since 1978. 自1978年以來這里發生了巨大的變化。(since為介詞)Her reading has improved greatly s

25、ince she changed schools. 自從她轉校以來,她的閱讀水平提高了很多。(since為連詞) You havent changed much since we last met. 自從上次我們見面以來,你變化不大。(since為連詞) She moved to London last May and has since got a job on a newspaper. 她去年五月到倫敦,此后一直在報社工作。(since為副詞) He left school in 1983. I havent seen him since. 他1983年離開學校。打那時起我一直沒見過他。(

26、since為副詞) 【幾點說明】1. 表示時間長度時,通常用一般現在時代替現在完成時。如:How long is it since you arrived? 你到來多久了?It is =has been ten years since he left here. 他離開這兒已10年了。2. 對于某些表示狀態(如seem等)的動詞,或因句義等方面的原因,有時可能用一般現在時比用現在完成時更合適。如:It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見面了。 Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge co

27、me to $48? 從什么什候開始42元加5元的服務費等于48元了? 3. 若不是指從過去持續到現在,而是指從較遠的過去持續到一個較近的過去,則用過去完成時。比較:He hasnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 自星期二以來他一直未吃東西。(指從星期二到現在未吃東西)Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。(指從星期二至昨天未吃東西) 二、in the last five years類似于in the last five year

28、s的時間狀語,它若表示從現在算起的過去一段時間內,通常要與現在完成時連用。如:This company has come a long way in the last five years. 最近五年這個公司已經前進了一大步。The house has changed hands three times in the last two years. 在過去兩年中,這棟房子已轉手三次。Is that the sum of what youve done in the last two years? 這就是你最近兩年中完成的全部數量嗎?【注】其中的介詞in有時也可換成for, during, ov

29、er, within 等,有時也可省去。如:I have been here for the last two weeks. 最近兩周我一直在這里。(from )Over the last few years, prices have fallen sharply. 在過去的幾年中,價格已急劇下降了。My business has decreased during the last two months. 最近兩個月內,我的生意減少了。另外,若不是表示從現在算起的過去一段時間,則不用現在完成時。如:Jim managed two goals in the last ten minutes. 在

30、最后的10分鐘內,吉姆設法得了兩分?!颈容^】I didnt see much of Harry in the last months. 在最后的幾個月中,我很少看見哈里。I havent seen much of Harry in the last months. 在最近的幾個月中,我很少看見哈里。三、in the past five years類似于in the past five years的時間狀語,它表示從現在算起的過去一段時間,因此通常要與現在完成時連用。如:Ive seen little of her in the past few weeks. 近幾周我很少見到她。Weve pl

31、anted thousands of trees in the past five years. 過去五年我們種了成千上萬棵樹。Population has increased by 200% in the past 25 years. 人口在過去25年內增加了200%。【注】其中的介詞in有時也可換成for, during, over, within 等,有時也可省去。如:Hes been in a coma for the past six weeks. 在過去的六個星期中,他一直昏迷不醒。People have changed their diets a lot over the pas

32、t few years. 在過去的幾年中,人們的飲食習慣已改變了很大。Within the past few minutes, the President has issued a statement. 在過去的幾分鐘里,總統發表了一項聲明。另外,有時可能用含有情態動詞的完成式。如:(from )I must have slept three hours in the past day and a half. 在過去的一天半時間里,我肯定只睡了三個小時。四、over the yearsover the years 的意思是“這些年來”“經過這么多年之后”“最近幾年”,通常表示的是從現在算起的過

33、去幾年,因此通常與現在完成時連用。如:Shes brought us so much happiness over the years. 這些年來,她給我們帶來了不少的幸福。Weve had a few arguments over the years, but in general we get on very well. 最近幾年來,我們爭吵過幾次,但總的說來,我們相處得很好。Womens social status hasnt changed much over the years. 這些年來婦女的社會地位沒有多大改變。Over the years Ive learnt to remem

34、ber how to survive, and how to forget pain. 這些年來,我已經學會了記住怎樣掙扎求生和怎樣忘卻痛苦。【注】當不強調對現在的影響時,該短語有時也可與一般過去時或過去完成時連用。如: Over the years, her love for him deepened. 在過去的幾年中,她對他的愛進一步加深了。Shed suffered terribly over the years but it hadnt made her bitter. 她在過去的幾年中吃了不少苦,但這并沒有讓她產生怨恨。有時over the years還可表示在將來的幾年中,此時可與

35、將來時態連用。如:The brickwork will mellow over the years so that it blends with the surroundings. 再過幾年,這磚墻將會變柔和,這樣它就會與周圍的環境和諧一致了。五、so far當so far表示“到目前為止”時,它指的是從過去某時持續到現在的一段時間,因此通常與現在完成時連用。如:So far there has been no bad news. 到現在為止還沒有什么壞消息。We agreed to meet here but so far he hasnt turned up yet. 我們講好在這里見面的

36、,但到目前為止他還沒有來。So far the work has been easy, but things may change. 到目前為止,這工作很容易,但情況可能有變化。Thankfully, the land has so far escaped being developed. 謝天謝地,至今這塊土地尚未開發過?!咀ⅰ慨攕o far表示“到這種程度或范圍”時,則不一定與現在完成時連用,而是可以根據情況選用時態。如:I can only help him so far. 我只能幫他到這種程度。六、up to nowup to now 的意思是“到現在為此”,指從過去持續到現在的一段時

37、間,通常與現在完成時連用。如:Up to now hes been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默。Her life has run smoothly up to now. 她的生活到目前仍一帆風順。Up to now, the work has been easy. 到現在為止這工作還算容易。七、until nowuntil now 的意思是“直到現在(為止)”,表示從過去某時持續到現在的一段時間,通常與現在完成時連用。如:Until now I have always lived alone. 我一直獨自生活至今。(from )Until now the President has s

38、hut his eyes to this problem. 總統至今仍對這個問題視而不見?!咀ⅰ恳韵聝删渲械膗ntil now比較特殊,因為其中的until與前面的“否定”構成了類似于notuntil(直到才)這樣的句式,此時,句子通常用一般過去時。如:I was unaware of his existence until now. 現在我才知道有他這么個人。I never realized I loved you until now. 我至今才意識到我愛你。另外,until有兩個意思,一是表示“到為止”,二是表示“在以前”,所以until now除表示“到現在為止”外,有時還可表示“在此之

39、前”(即過去),此時它可與一般過去時連用。如:Until now I thought that this sort of accident was the owners fault but now I know differently. 過去我一直認為這類事故是車主的過錯,但現在我有了不同看法。八、Its the first time thatIts the first second, third time that 的意思是“這是第一次(第二次、第三次)做某事”。句首的it有時也可換成this, that等。如:Its the second time Ive come here. 這是我第二

40、次來這兒。Its the first time that he has seen an elephant. 這是他第一次見到大象。This is the first time that Ive heard her sing. 這是我頭一次聽她唱歌。若主句用一般過去時,則that從句通常用過去完成時。如:It was the first time that I had ever driven a taxi. 這是我第一次開出租車。九、just副詞just表示“剛剛”時,在英國英語中常與現在完成時連用,而在美國英語中常與一般過去時連用。如:He (has) just arrived in Japa

41、n. 他剛到日本。The clock (has) just struck three. 鐘剛敲過三點。Poor Jim (has) just had an accident. 可憐的吉姆剛出個事故。十、before, recently, in the past副詞before的意思是“以前”,副詞recently的意思是“最近”,介詞短語in the past的意思是“過去”。一般說來,它們既可與現在完成時連用(強調對現在的影響或與現在的聯系),也可與一般過去時連用(客觀地陳述過去的情況)。如:I (have) read the book before. 我以前讀過這本書。He has don

42、e did this sort of work before. 他以前干過這種工作。I hear that he went has gone abroad recently. 我聽說他最近出國了。In the past I (have) had many jobs. 以前我做過許多工作。In the past people thought that the sun turned round the earth. 過去人們認為太陽是繞著地球轉。現在完成時中幾個標志性詞(組)的講解與演練 我們都知道,現在完成時常見的標志詞包括以下詞語:just,ever,never,yet,already,for

43、,before,since,so far,recently,twice,three times等。雖然同為標志詞,但它們的用法卻不盡相同。這里試就其中幾個易混淆的詞做一簡要講解,供同學們學習參考:1.ever,never:ever意為“曾經”,本身為肯定意義,可用于肯定、否定和疑問句中;never意為“從不”,本身具有否定意義。1) Have you ever seen that kind of animal?你以前曾經見過那種動物嗎?2) I have ever been to London.我曾經去過倫敦。3) No one ever known the news about him.沒有

44、人知道有關他的消息。4) She has never told us about herself.她從未告訴我們有關她的事情。2. already,yet:二者都有“已經”的意思,但already常用于肯定句的中間,yet則多用于否定、疑問句末,常表示“已經,還沒有”。1) I have already had lunch.我已經吃過午飯了。2) -Have you finished your homework yet?你已經完成你的作業了嗎?-No, not yet.還沒有。3. for,since:如果想表達“我在北京已經居住了10年”這個意思,既可以說: I have lived in Beijing

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