1、機(jī)床數(shù)控技術(shù)課程設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書機(jī)電學(xué)院 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè) 目 錄一、 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)-3二、 設(shè)計(jì)要求-3三、 程序設(shè)計(jì)流程圖-3四、 程序設(shè)計(jì)源程序-7五、 程序中有待改進(jìn)的地方-16六、 課程設(shè)計(jì)感想-16一 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)1、直線插補(bǔ)：PL2逐點(diǎn)比較法插補(bǔ)第二象限直線；2、圓弧插補(bǔ)：DA32 DDA法插補(bǔ)第32象限逆圓弧；3、撰寫設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書一份。二 設(shè)計(jì)要求1、具有數(shù)據(jù)輸入界面，如起點(diǎn)、終點(diǎn)、圓心、半徑及插補(bǔ)步長(zhǎng)等；2、具有插補(bǔ)過(guò)程的動(dòng)態(tài)顯示功能，如單步插補(bǔ)、連續(xù)插補(bǔ)；3、插補(bǔ)的步長(zhǎng)可調(diào)；4、編程語(yǔ)言自定，建議使用C語(yǔ)言或VB。三 程序設(shè)計(jì)流程圖1、逐點(diǎn)比較法直線插補(bǔ) 逐點(diǎn)比較法的直線插補(bǔ)過(guò)程，每一

2、步都要經(jīng)過(guò)四個(gè)步驟：偏差判別坐標(biāo)進(jìn)給偏差計(jì)算終點(diǎn)判別 第一象限逐點(diǎn)比較法的偏差判別公式為： Fi,j0時(shí),Fi+1,j=Fi,j-ye; Fi,jx, |y2-y1|-y, E=(x+y)/step終點(diǎn)在起點(diǎn)右上方終點(diǎn)在起點(diǎn)左上方終點(diǎn)在起點(diǎn)左下方終點(diǎn)在起點(diǎn)右下方NF=0+X向走一步FF+x+X向走一步FF-yNF=0E=E-1E=0 ?+X向走一步FF-yYNF=0E=E-1E=0 ?NF=0-Y向走一步FF+x插補(bǔ)其他象限的直線，只需將終點(diǎn)相對(duì)起點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)差值去絕對(duì)值，然后改變進(jìn)給方向即可。圖一 逐點(diǎn)比較法直線插補(bǔ)的程序流程圖NNN輸入直線起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)（x1,y1）、終點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)（x2,y2）、步長(zhǎng)s

3、tep。判斷直線的走向向|x2-x1|-x，|y2-y1|-y， 累加次數(shù)E-m，JRx-0,Jryx, |y2-y1|-y, 累加次數(shù)E-m，JRx0,Jry0; Exx,Eyy, JRxJRx+y , JRyJRy+xEx=0且Ey=0NY繪圖完畢輸入圓弧起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)（x1,y1）、終點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)（x2,y2）、圓心坐標(biāo)（x0,y0），步長(zhǎng)step。第一象限逆時(shí)針順時(shí)針順、逆時(shí)針選擇象限判斷其他象限和第一象限處理方法相同。逆時(shí)針處理方法相同。圖三 DDA法圓弧插補(bǔ)的程序流程圖四 程序設(shè)計(jì)主要源程序本設(shè)計(jì)采用C語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)。#include#include#includemain() void menu(

4、); /*菜單顯示函數(shù)聲明*/ void line_pcm(); /*逐點(diǎn)比較法直線插補(bǔ)函數(shù)聲明*/ void line_DDA(); /*DDA法直線插補(bǔ)函數(shù)聲明*/ circle_DDA(); /*DDA圓弧插補(bǔ)函數(shù)聲明*/ int n; int gdriver=DETECT,gmode; /*顯示適配器的圖形模式初始化*/ initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,); do menu(); scanf(%d,&n); switch(n) /*函數(shù)功能的選擇*/ case 1:line_DDA(); system(pause); break; case 2:line_pcm()

5、; system(pause); break; case 3:circle_DDA(); system(pause); break; /* case 4:circle_pcm(); system(pause); break;*/ case 0:return; while(n!=0); /*菜單顯示函數(shù)*/void menu()system(cls); printf(nPlease make a choice:n); printf( 1 Draw a line using DDA method;n); printf( 2 Draw a line using Point-wise comparis

6、on method;n); printf( 3 Draw a circle suing DDA method;n); printf( 4 Draw a circle suing Point-wise comparison method;n); printf( 0 Quitn); printf(choice:); /*繪制坐標(biāo)軸*/axis()int i; setcolor(RED); rectangle(150,100,550,400); line(350,100,350,400); line(150,250,550,250); for(i=160;i=540;i=i+10) putpixel

7、(i,250,2); for(i=110;iy) E=2*x; else E=2*y; moveto(x1+350,250-y1); if(ye=0) if(xe=0) /*ye=0,xe=0 為第一象限*/ for(i=0;i=E) JRx-=E; x1+=step; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y1+=step; lineto(x1+350,250-y1); else for(i=0;i=0,xe=E) JRx-=E; x1-=step; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y1+=step; lineto(x1+350,250-y1); else if(xe=0) /*ye=0

8、為第三象限*/ for(i=0;i=E) JRx-=E; x1-=step; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y1-=step; lineto(x1+350,250-y1); else for(i=0;iE/step;i+) /*ye0,xe=E) JRx-=E; x1+=step; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y1-=step; lineto(x1+350,250-y1); /*逐點(diǎn)比較法直線插補(bǔ)程序*/void line_pcm() int i; int x1,y1,x2,y2,step,xe,ye,x,y,E; float F=0.0; system(cls); printf

9、(n please input the first point:X1=); /*輸入直線的起點(diǎn)(x1,y1)、終點(diǎn)(x2,y2)、步長(zhǎng)(step)*/ scanf(%d,&x1); printf(Y1=); scanf(%d,&y1); printf( please input the end point:X2=); scanf(%d,&x2); printf(Y2=); scanf(%d,&y2); printf( input step:nstep=); scanf(%d,&step); axis(); moveto(x2+350,250-y2); lineto(x1+350,250-y1)

10、; /*畫待插補(bǔ)的直線*/ xe=x2-x1;ye=y2-y1; /*xe為終點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)與起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)x方向的差值,ye為終點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)與起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)y方向的差值*/ x=abs(xe);y=abs(ye); /*x,y 為xe,ye 的絕對(duì)值*/ E=(x+y)/step; if(ye=0) if(xe=0) /*ye=0,xe=0 為第一象限*/ for(i=0;i=0) F=F-step*y; linerel(step,0); else F=F+step*x; linerel(0,-step); else for(i=0;i=0,xe=0) F=F-step*y; linerel(-step,0); el

11、se F=F+step*x; linerel(0,-step); else if(xe=0) /*ye=0 為第三象限*/ for(i=0;i=0) F=F-step*y; linerel(-step,0); else F=F+step*x; linerel(0,step); else for(i=0;iE;i+) /*ye0,xe=0) F=F-step*y; linerel(step,0); else F=F+step*x; linerel(0,step); int two(int E) /*確定寄存器位數(shù)*/ int reg; if(E=8&E=16&E=32&E=64&E=128&Ex

12、1)&(y2=y0) /*判斷圓弧終點(diǎn)是否在第一象限*/ ddaclockwise4(x0+r,y0,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); /*不在第一象限調(diào)用第四象限順時(shí)針插補(bǔ)函數(shù)*/ x2=x0+r; y2=y0; /*第一象限的終點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)確定*/ x=abs(x1-x0); y=abs(y1-y0); xe=x2-x1;ye=y2-y1; if(abs(xe)=abs(ye) E=two(abs(xe); else E=two(abs(ye); Ex=abs(xe)/step; Ey=abs(ye)/step; moveto(350+x1),(250-y1); while(Ex0|Ey0

13、) JRx+=y; JRy+=x; xi=0;yi=0; if(JRx=E) JRx-=E; x+=step; Ex-; xi=step; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y-=step; Ey-; yi=step; if(xi!=0|yi!=0) linerel(xi,yi); lineto(350+x2,250-y2);/*DDA法順時(shí)針插補(bǔ)起點(diǎn)在第二象限的圓弧*/ddaclockwise2(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x0,int y0,int step) int E,Ex,Ey,x,y,xe,ye,xi,yi,JRx=0,JRy=0; if(!(

14、x2y1) ddaclockwise1(x0,y0+r,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); x2=x0;y2=y0+r; x=abs(x1-x0); y=abs(y1-y0); xe=x2-x1;ye=y2-y1; if(abs(xe)=abs(ye) E=two(abs(xe); else E=two(abs(ye); Ex=abs(xe)/step; Ey=abs(ye)/step; moveto(350+x1),(250-y1); while(Ex0|Ey0) JRx+=y; xi=0;yi=0; if(JRx=E) JRx-=E; x-=step; Ex-; xi=step; JRy

15、+=x; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y+=step; Ey-; yi=-step; if(xi!=0|yi!=0) linerel(xi,yi); /*lineto(350+x2,250-y2);*/*DDA法順時(shí)針插補(bǔ)起點(diǎn)在第三象限的圓弧*/ddaclockwise3(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x0,int y0,int step) int E,Ex,Ey,x,y,xe,ye,xi,yi,JRx=0,JRy=0; if(!(x2x1&y2=abs(ye) E=two(abs(xe); else E=two(abs(ye); Ex=abs(xe)

16、/step; Ey=abs(ye)/step; moveto(350+x1),(250-y1); while(Ex0|Ey0) JRx+=y; xi=0;yi=0; if(JRx=E) JRx-=E; x+=step; Ex-; xi=-step; JRy+=x; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y-=step; Ey-; yi=-step; if(xi!=0|yi!=0) linerel(xi,yi); /*lineto(350+x2,250-y2);*/*DDA法順時(shí)針插補(bǔ)起點(diǎn)在第四象限的圓弧*/ddaclockwise4(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int

17、 x0,int y0,int step) int E,Ex,Ey,x,y,xe,ye,xi,yi,JRx=0,JRy=0; printf(%d %d %d %d %d %d %d,x1,y2,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); if(!(x2=x0&y2=abs(ye) E=two(abs(ye); else E=two(abs(ye); Ex=abs(xe)/step; Ey=abs(ye)/step; moveto(350+x1),(250-y1); while(Ex0|Ey0) JRx+=y; xi=0;yi=0; if(JRx=E) JRx-=E; x-=step; Ex-; xi=

18、-step; JRy+=x; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y+=step; Ey-; yi=step; if(xi!=0|yi!=0) linerel(xi,yi); lineto(350+x2,250-y2);/*DDA法逆時(shí)針插補(bǔ)起點(diǎn)在第一象限的圓弧*/ddaanticlock1(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x0,int y0,int step) int E,Ex,Ey,x,y,xe,ye,xi,yi,JRx=0,JRy=0; /*E 寄存器數(shù)；Ex,Ey終點(diǎn)判別計(jì)數(shù)器;x,y相對(duì)坐標(biāo)中瞬時(shí)坐標(biāo)值;*/ /*xe,ye終點(diǎn)與起點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)差值;xi,

19、yi進(jìn)給脈沖*/ if(!(y2y1)&(x2=x0) /*(x2x0|y2=x1&y1=y2) */ /*判斷圓弧終點(diǎn)是否在第一象限*/ ddaanticlock2(x0,y0+r,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); /*不在第一象限調(diào)用第四象限順時(shí)針插補(bǔ)函數(shù)*/ x2=x0;y2=y0+r; x=abs(x1-x0); y=abs(y1-y0); xe=x2-x1;ye=y2-y1; if(abs(xe)=abs(ye) E=two(abs(xe); else E=two(abs(ye); Ex=abs(xe)/step; Ey=abs(ye)/step; moveto(350+x1),

20、(250-y1); while(Ex0|Ey0) JRx+=y; JRy+=x; xi=0;yi=0; if(JRx=E) JRx-=E; x-=step; Ex-; xi=-step; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y+=step; Ey-; yi=-step; if(xi!=0|yi!=0) linerel(xi,yi); lineto(350+x2,250-y2);/*DDA法逆時(shí)針插補(bǔ)起點(diǎn)在第二象限的圓弧*/ddaanticlock2(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x0,int y0,int step) int E,Ex,Ey,x,y,xe,ye

21、,xi,yi,JRx=0,JRy=0; if(x2x0|y2=x1&y2=y1) ddaanticlock3(x0-r,y0,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); x2=x0-r;y2=y0; x=abs(x1-x0); y=abs(y1-y0); xe=x2-x1;ye=y2-y1; if(abs(xe)=abs(ye) E=two(abs(xe); else E=two(abs(ye); Ex=abs(xe)/step; Ey=abs(ye)/step; moveto(350+x1),(250-y1); while(Ex0|Ey0) JRx+=y; JRy+=x; xi=0;yi=0; i

22、f(JRx=E) JRx-=E; x+=step; Ex-; xi=-step; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y-=step; Ey-; yi=step; if(xi!=0|yi!=0) linerel(xi,yi); lineto(350+x2,250-y2);/*DDA法逆時(shí)針插補(bǔ)起點(diǎn)在第三象限的圓弧*/ddaanticlock3(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x0,int y0,int step) int E,Ex,Ey,x,y,xe,ye,xi,yi,JRx=0,JRy=0; if(x2x0|y2y0)|(x2=y1) ddaanticlock

23、4(x0,y0-r,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); x2=x0;y2=y0-r; x=abs(x1-x0); y=abs(y1-y0); xe=x2-x1;ye=y2-y1; if(abs(xe)=abs(ye) E=two(abs(xe); else E=two(abs(ye); Ex=abs(xe)/step; Ey=abs(ye)/step; moveto(350+x1),(250-y1); while(Ex0|Ey0) JRx+=y; JRy+=x; xi=0;yi=0; if(JRx=E) JRx-=E; x-=step; Ex-; xi=step; if(JRy=E) JRy

24、-=E; y+=step; Ey-; yi=step; if(xi!=0|yi!=0) linerel(xi,yi); lineto(350+x2,250-y2); /*DDA法逆時(shí)針插補(bǔ)起點(diǎn)在第四象限的圓弧*/ddaanticlock4(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x0,int y0,int step) int E,Ex,Ey,x,y,xe,ye,xi,yi,JRx=0,JRy=0; if(!(x2x1)&(y2=y0)/*(x2y0)|(x2=x1&y2=abs(ye) E=two(abs(xe); else E=two(abs(ye); Ex=abs(

25、xe)/step; Ey=abs(ye)/step; moveto(350+x1),(250-y1); while(Ex0|Ey0) JRx+=y; JRy+=x; xi=0;yi=0; if(JRx=E) JRx-=E; x+=step; Ex-; xi=step; if(JRy=E) JRy-=E; y-=step; Ey-; yi=-step; if(xi!=0|yi!=0) linerel(xi,yi); lineto(350+x2,250-y2);/*DDA法繪制順時(shí)針圓弧*/ddacircle_clock(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x0,int

26、 y0,int step) putpixel(350+x0),(250-y0),2); setcolor(1); circle(x0+350),(250-y0),r); setcolor(2); if(x1=x0&y1y0) ddaclockwise1(x1,y1,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); /*起點(diǎn)在第一象限*/ else if(x1=y0) ddaclockwise2(x1,y1,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); /*起點(diǎn)在第二象限*/ else if(x1=x0&y1x0&y1=y0) ddaanticlock1(x1,y1,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); /*起點(diǎn)在

27、第一象限*/ else if(x1y0) ddaanticlock2(x1,y1,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); /*起點(diǎn)在第二象限*/ else if(x1x0&y1=y0) ddaanticlock3(x1,y1,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); /*起點(diǎn)在第三象限*/ else ddaanticlock4(x1,y1,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); /*起點(diǎn)在第四象限*/ /*DDA法繪制任意圓弧主函數(shù)*/void circle_DDA()int step,d; int x1,y1,x2,y2,x0,y0; system(cls); printf(n please inp

28、ut the first point:X1=); scanf(%d,&x1); printf(Y1=); scanf(%d,&y1); printf( please input the end point:X2=); scanf(%d,&x2); printf(Y2=); scanf(%d,&y2); printf( please input the center of the circle:X0=); scanf(%d,&x0); printf(Y0=); scanf(%d,&y0); printf( input step:nstep=); scanf(%d,&step); printf(Choose a direction:n); printf( 1 clockwise circle;n); printf( 2 anticlockwise circle;n); scanf(%d,&d); axis(); R=sqrt(x1-x0)*(x1-x0)+(y1-y0)*(y1-y0); r=(int)R; if(d=1) ddacircle_clock(x1,y1,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); if(d=2) ddacircle_anticlock(x1,y1,x2,y2,x0,y0,step); getch();五 程序中有待改進(jìn)的地方本插補(bǔ)程序所具備