1、1 lecture 4 religion in britain 2 what is religion? v(a psychologist)-the inner experience of the individual when he senses a beyond and when he actively attempts to harmonize his life with the beyond. v(a sociologist) - a system which separates the sacred from the profane in society. va broader vie

2、w of religion is one in which it is perceived as a quest for identity, meaning and purpose in life. vbeliefs and actions related to supernatural beings and forcesdefinition on line 3 major religions in the world vchristianity (catholic, protestant, eastern orthodox, etc.) vjudaism vislam vhinduism v

3、buddhism vchinese traditional/folk religion 4 a survey on “attitude towards religion” 5 sample questions do you believe in a supreme being? do you believe in the concept of heaven and hell in one form or another? do you believe in afterlife? do you think religion is constructive or destructive to th

4、e society? do you think you are an atheist? if you have, what is your religious belief? 6 which of the following describes your attitude towards religion? a. everyone should have the religious freedom. b. religion is the key to happiness and eternal peace. c. religion is a concept used to maintain c

5、ontrol. d. religion is a concept necessary to maintain values. e. a common religion in china will be constructive. f. religion should be discouraged in china. g. religion should be tolerated. h. religion is a kind of superstition. i. superstition is part of religion. 7 the christian religion in brit

6、ain (history) vbritain is a christian country introduced by the romans in the first few centuries; the first church at canterbury, the religious capital of england; became dominant: saxon times; under the authority of the roman catholic church until the reformation in the 16th century 8 v following

7、the reformation in the 16th century many different christian denominations have existed. e.g. methodists(衛理會)and congregationalists(公理會) 9 v1. henry viii, 1534, declared himself head of the english church (permission; divorce; pope; refusal) v2. reformation of the english church (worship and doctrin

8、e) edward vi: protestantism v3. mary i: catholic reaction v4. elizabeth i: the church of england was established on a moderate protestant basis. ( since the 16th century, the reigning king or queen of england- head of the church of england; the established /official church in england till today) 10

9、vdespite its official status, the church of england is only a minority. vmany of the protestant churches were founded as a result of the reformation which spread throughout europe. vdissentersnon-conformist members of the free churches quakers(貴格會貴格會), baptists（浸禮會）（浸禮會）, methodists (公理會), congregat

10、ionalist(衛理會衛理會), presbyterian 長老會長老會( the official church in scotland, church of scotland) 11 vthey are less ceremonial. the focus is on the individuals personal relationship to god achieved through prayer the priest acts as a link between the individual and god; virgin mary is a mediator between t

11、he people and god and is the object of prayer. vanglican church: the bishops act as administrators and the clergy lead worship; the individual is directly in communication with and responsible to god; virgin mary has no special power to mediate between the worshipper and god. 16 about christianity 1

12、7 christianity vwith an approximately 2 billion people world wide. christianity is arguably the largest religion in the world today. started at around 30 ad, christianity is based on the teachings and life of jesus christ. christianity, with its roots in judaism, was founded in the first century in

13、palestine by the disciples 門 徒 of jesus. many missionaries spread it, despite heavy persecution, throughout the roman empire. the various books written by jesus followers after his death, called the new testament, along with the old testament makes up the christian bible. the bible holds all the tea

14、chings of jesus on how all christians should live out their lives. 18 jesus christ va jew who lived in palestine 2,000 years ago and is accepted by christians as the son of god. vmiraculously conceived by a virgin named mary. vbecame a carpenter by trade. vthen started preaching and performing mirac

15、les. 19 vhis teaching conflicted with orthodox jewish laws and doctrines. vat the age of 33, executed by crucifixion. (crucified) v3 days later rose from the dead, ascended into heaven; send his spirit into the hearts of his 12 apostles to inspire them to spread his teaching. 20 v. as the son of god

16、, jesus christ came to earth to teach about love and fellowship. he represents the person that all christians must strive to be. christians believe that he is the only one that ever lived on earth that can be called perfect from all worldly sins. by believing that jesus christ is lord and savior, th

17、e spirit of god exists in all believers, and that god is almighty in power. 21 v christs teaching was based on love: love of god, and love of our neighbour, ie. of all our fellow-men regardless of race. love, humanity(人性)，repentance(懺悔) and prayer lead to everlasting happiness in heaven. 22 jesus ch

18、rists teaching v based on love: love of all our fellow-men love of our neighbor love of god 23 vlove vhumanity vrepentance vprayer repentance prayer humanity love 24 vthe bible- the holy book of christianity; 2 testaments; the old testament consists the jewish writings before christ; the new one con

19、tains 4 gospels of the life of christ. 25 the bible vthe holy book of christianity. veg. story of adam and eve from genesis the bible the old testament the new testament 26 the ten commandments vthe ten commandments are found in the bible and are central to the christian faith. they are believed to

20、be the word of god and to have been handed down to his people through the prophet moses, recorded in the book of exodus(出埃及記). they set out a basic ethical system of moral and social behavior, governing the standards of family relations, regard for human life, sex, property, speech and thought. 27 t

21、he ten commandments v1. i am the lord your god v2. you shall not worship any other god but me; v3.you shall not misuse the name of the lord your god. v4. remember to keep holy the sabbath day (the day of rest-sunday安息日). 28 v5.love thy father and thy mother; v6. you shall not commit murder; v7. you

22、shall not commit adultery; v8. you shall not steal; v9. you shall not accuse others falsely; v10. you shall not desire another mans property of anything that he owns. 29 other religions in britain vthe jewish community (350 congregations) in britain is the second largest in europe. vthe muslim commu

23、nity (immigrants from pakistan the general improvement in social conditions and the variety of modern entertainment have made religion appear rather irrelevant. vbut lots of people who do not go to church still believe in god and heaven in a confused sort of way. they like to get married in church and perhaps have their children christened (洗禮/在洗禮中取名字)in church, and they wo