第一講 中考閱讀理解如何猜測生詞及練習 同學們，你們好！如何搞好最后的復習，哪種方法最適合我們，我想這是每個同學都在關心的問題。今天我要談的是做好中考“閱讀理解”的一些方法。 隨著新課程標準的不斷實施，重綜合運用能力、輕語法已成為中考英語的命題趨勢。閱讀是英語學習中聽、說、讀、寫四種技能之一，閱讀理解能力的高低也是衡量一個人英語水平的重要標志之一。要想做好中考的閱讀理解，首先要知道中考對閱讀理解的要求。根據教育部制定的英語課程標準，初中畢業生應達到五級綜合語言運用能力。 閱讀理解五級的目標部分描 述如下： 1、能根據上下文和構詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義； 2、能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關系； 3、能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節，預測故事情節的發展和可能的結局； 4、能讀懂常見體裁的閱讀材料； 5、能根據不同的閱讀目的運用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息； 6、除教材外，課外閱讀量應累計達到 15 萬詞以上 (上海的要求更高一些， 30 萬詞以上 )所謂閱讀能力是指視讀能力、理解能力和對所讀材料的評價能力。 閱讀理解的能力不是短期內能夠培養成的，我們在最后復習的階段，主要的是熟悉各種題型的解題方法 。提高解題的正確率，得到理想的分數，下面我根據具體的實例來分析常見的閱讀理解的解題方法，希望對大家有幫助。 請看下面的閱讀材料 Happiness is for everyone. You don t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time. In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you； when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health； when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you； when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always around you. Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also you are very happy, because you have something else that can t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋轉的 )door. When it does, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person. 1. Those who have big houses may often feel _. A. happy B. lonely C. free D. excited 2. When you fall down in a PE class, both your teacher and your classmates will _. A. laugh at you B. play jokes on you C. quarrel with you D. help you up 3. What will your friends say to you when you make great progress? A. Oh, so do I. B. Congratulations. C. Good luck. D. It s just so-so. 4. Which idea is NOT RIGHT according to the passage? A. People who have cars would never like to walk in the open air. B. You can get help from others when you make mistakes. C. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money. D. Happiness is always around you though difficulties come towards you. 5. Which of the following is this passage about? A. Bad luck. B. Good luck. C. Happiness. D. Life. 透析： 1. B。這是一個考查細節和事實的題目。文章中有明確的敘述： Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely . 所問問題和原文的敘述完全一樣。 2. D。這也是一個考查細節和事實的題目。在所給文章中可以找到這樣地敘述：When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you. 根據這一敘述，我們可以判斷：當你在體育課上摔倒時，你的老師和同學們肯定會幫你站起來的。 3. B。這一道閱讀理解題同樣是考查事實和細節的題目。在閱讀文章里我們也能找到關于這問題的敘述： when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you. 4. A。這是一道判斷題目。閱讀文章里明確敘述： those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.閱讀理解題的 A 項說，有車的人永遠不愿在室外走，與文章所講完全不同，因此是不對的。 5. C。這是一道考查文章主題的題目。這篇文章共有三段。 第一段的主題句是：Happiness is for everyone. 第二段的主題句是： In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. 第三段的主題句是： Happiness is not the same as money. 三段的主題都是圍繞 happiness 展開的，所以正確答案是 happiness。 閱讀理解經常會遇到生詞，這些生詞怎么解決呢？下面我 就介紹一些猜詞的技巧： 1.通過因果關系猜詞 通過因果關系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系，然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關聯詞 (如 because， as， since， for， so， thus， as a result，of course， therefore 等等 )表示前因后果。例如： You shouldnt have blamed him for that， for it wasnt his fault.通過 for 引出的句子所表示的原因 (那不是他的錯 )，可猜出 blame 的詞義是 責備 。 2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞 通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由 and 或 or 連接的同義詞詞組，如 happy and gay，即使我們不認識 gay 這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如 Man has known something about the planets Venus， Mars， and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的 Venus(金星 )、 Mars(火星 )、 Jupiter(木星 )均為生詞，但只要知道 planets 就 可猜出這幾個詞都屬于 行星 這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉折關系的連詞或副詞，如 but， while， however 等；二是看與 not 搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely， not at all as handsome as his brother.根據 not at all.handsome 我們不難推測出 homely 的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 3.通過構詞法猜詞 在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉 足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識，如前綴 un-表反義詞，如 happy、 unhappy， fair、unfair， important、 unimportant 等； 后綴 - ment 表名詞，如 develop、development， state、 statement， argue、 argument 等；后綴 -er、 -or 或 -ist表同源名詞；如 calculate、 calculator， visit、 visitor， law、 lawyer， wait、waiter， sci- ence、 scientist， art、 artist 等，這些問題便不難解決了。 4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義 例如： But sometimes， no rain falls for a long， long time. Then there is a dry period， or drought. 從 drought 所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即 drought，由此可見 drought 意思為 久旱 ，旱災 。而 a dry period 和 drought 是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由 is，or， that is， in other words， be called 或破折號等來表示。 5.通過句法功能來推測詞義 例如： Bananas， oranges， pineapples， coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如 pineapples 和 coconuts 是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples， coconuts 和 bananas， oranges 是同類關系，同屬 fruit 類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。 6.通過描述猜詞 描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特征的描寫。例如： The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly， it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描 述中可以得知 penguin 是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。 總而言之，閱讀理解靠的是扎實的語言基礎，扎實的語言基礎來自平時嚴格的基本功訓練和長期的知識積累。只要平時刻苦用功，打下扎實的英語知識基礎，又掌握了較科學的解題方法做“閱讀理解”題是不會太難的。今天我就講到這里。祝大家中考順利。下面為大家準備幾篇閱讀理解，仔細做過再看分析哦。 When you want to go shopping, decide how much money you can spend for new clothes. Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale(銷售 ). There are labels(標簽 )inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater label may tell you to wash by washing in cold water. The label on a coat may say dry clean only. Washing may ruin(損壞 )this coat. If you do as the directions(說明 )say on the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best. Many clothes today must be dry cleaned. Dry cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check(核實 )to see if they will need to be dry cleaned. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed. You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that cost more money are not always better made. They do not always fit(合身 )better. Sometime less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes. 1.If you want to save money you can buy clothes that _. A. dont fit you B. dont last long C. need to be dry cleaned D. can be washed 2.The label inside the clothes tell you_. A. how to keep them looking their best B. how to save money C. whether they fit you or not D. where to get them dry cleaned 3.The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is _. A. to look for well-made clothes B. to see how much money you can pay C. to know how to wash them D. to read the labels inside them 4.We learn from the reading that cheaper clothes _. A. are always worse made B. must be dry cleaned C. can not be washed D. can sometimes fit you be