考研英語閱讀(傳統閱讀)

1994年真題

Passage1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedby

spendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Private

businessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithother

businessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermines

howthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthe

demandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsand

thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbe

producedandhowresourcesarcusedtoproduceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumer

demandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,this

mechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponseto

relativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbysellerproducers.Iftheproductisinshort

supplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminated

fromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,

thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowertheprice

andpennitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanisminthe

Americaneconomicsystem.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoown

productiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolover

naturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,

theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalso

certainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontract

withanotherprivateindividual.

51.InLine7,Para.1,"thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomesHmeans.

[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat.

[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction

[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers

[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts

[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices

53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby.

[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned

[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol

[C]ownershipofproductiveresources

[D]freecontractsandprices

54.Thepassageismainlyabout.

[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced

[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods

[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks

[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits

Passage2

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.They

theirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,and

evenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthese

creditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyin

scatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe"cashless

society"isnotonthehorizon-it*salreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesfor

sellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepa

widerangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallows

businessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhow

fasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthe

sametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemost

efficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalso

identifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonby

manufacturersfbrsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhich

productstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopfbrthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeep

trackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

Numerousothercommericalenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasand

electricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthrough

theuseofcomputers.

55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto.

[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes

[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo

[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper

[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto

56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat.

[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards

[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday

[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash

[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore

57.Thephrase"ringupsales”(Line2,Para.2)mostprobablymeans""

[A]makeanorderofgoods

[B]recordsalesonacashregister

[C]callthesalesmanager

[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock

58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.

[B]conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.

[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.

[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.

Passage3

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.For

thesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothose

differences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheir

environmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareof

theimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthe

societyinwhichexceptionalchildrenlivearcoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.And

itisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding—the

knowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,

theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreat

interestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthe

strongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservethe

opportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

"Allmenarecreatedequal.MWe'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningfor

educationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry*sfoundersto

denoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.That

conceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelp

inlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourt

decisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,

andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.In

response,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoare

exceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

59.Inparagrah2.theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat

[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesociety

[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenare

[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety

[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalchildren

60.Thereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthat

[A]theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety

[B]theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety

[C]theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentials

[D]disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration

61.Thispassagemainlydealswith.

[A]thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities

[B]thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernsociety

[C]thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren

[D]thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren

62.Fromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptionalchildren.

[A]isnowenjoyinglegalsupport

[B]disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry

[C]wasclearlystatedbythecountr/sfounders

[D]willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions

Passage4

"Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe'llknowinvastdetailhowcancer

cellsarise/1saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer.HBut,nhecautions,"some

peoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.Consider

Pasteur,hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbefore

cureswereavailable."

Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfive

years.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.For

someskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatistics

arestilldiscouraging-13percentfbrlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas.

Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.The

researchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,which

arecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationto

dietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredriven

intoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.

Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancersare

initiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers."Changesarea

normalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess/*saysoncologistWilliamHayward,Environmental

factorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,nWecan*tprepareamedicine

againstcosmicrays.”

Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.

"First,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself,Second,wehaveto

detenninewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhichareal-waysresponsiblefbr

atleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction."

63.TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto.

[A]predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinadecade

[B]indicatethattheprospectsfbrcuringcancerarebright

[C]provethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtyyears

[D]warnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeconquered

64.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2000,.

[A]therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskin-cancerpatients

[B]90percentofheskin-cancerpatientstodaywillstillbeliving

[C]thesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvariouscancers

[D]therewon'tbeadrasticincreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerpatients

65.Oncogenesarecancer-causinggenes.

[A]thatarealwaysinoperationinahealthyperson

[B]whichremainunharmfillsolongastheyarenotactivated

[C]thatcanbedrivenoutofnormalcells

[D]whichnormalcellcan*tturnoff

66.Theword"dormant"inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans.

[A]dead[B]ever-present[C]inactive[D]potential

Passage5

Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds"tocomeinblinding

flasherorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhave

it,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideafbrpenicillinthereandthen.He

experimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.

Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislike

soccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequently

thantheyscore.

Theypointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakethemostshotsatthe

goal——andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetween

innovatorsandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciously

ontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinary

peopleseeasfancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.

"Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtueindoing

thingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,"wroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.This

accountsforourreactionsoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcases

onwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:"Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore?**

Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovators

willnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,the

averagepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.The

innovatorwillsearchfbralternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandarebound

tobemoreinterestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.

Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.

67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"untaughtmind"inthefirstparagraph?

[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.

[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.

[C]Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.

[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.

68.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?

[A]Thevarietyofideastheyhave.

[B]Theintelligencetheypossess.

[C]Thewaytheydealwithproblems.

[D]Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.

69.TheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3because.

[A]RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumancreativity

[B]thequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewwaysof

doingthings

[C]thereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch'spointofview

[D]thequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslypresented

70.Thephrase”marchtoadifferentdrummer”(thelastlineofthepassage)suggeststhathighly

creativeindividualsare.

[A]diligentinpursuingtheirgoals

[B]reluctanttofollowcommonwaysofdoingthings

[C]devotedtotheprogressofscience

[D]concernedabouttheadvanceofsociety

1995年真題

Passage1

MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlyto

assistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarket

andsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonew

ideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresan

increasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthe

costsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesas

much,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicencewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortube

wouldcost20percentmore.

Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevaluein

theproductsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovern

thetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothe

promiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleading

advertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuythe

inferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofI

knowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.

AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcan

thinkof.

ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawellknowntelevision

personalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.He

wasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.

Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinfbrmation-andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnot

impossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtly

persuasive-advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatis

whatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.

51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat.

[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising

[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming

[C]advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse

[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising

52.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesofadvertising?

[A]Securinggreaterfame.

[B]Providingmorejobs.

[C]Enhancinglivingstandards.

[D]Reducingnewspapercost.

53.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis.

[A]verypreciseinpassinghisjudgementonadvertising

[B]interestedinnothingbutthebuyers*attention

[C]correctintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformation

[D]obviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertising

54.Intheauthor'sopinion,.

[A]advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformation

[B]advertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemover

[C]thereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyer

[D]thebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisement

Passage2

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth;oneaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehave

generallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeindentified

andmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeigner

wholearnsanewlanguagealltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultsto

showfortheirefforts.

Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetennine,sinceby

definitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessis

nottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,as

theyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreally

ends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengesto

accept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,to

confronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay"fhil"atfirst.Howwesee

ourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Doweperceive

ourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopento

unfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycan

causeustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Do

wethinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renotsmartenoughtocopewithanew

challenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.

Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifweareto

changeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifwe

protectourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourown

making.

55.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen.

[A]hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit

[B]hehasmadegreateffortsinhiswork

[C]heiskeenonlearninganythingnew

[D]hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney

56.Intheauthor'seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould.

[A]succeedinclimbingupthesocialladder

[B]judgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievements

[C]facedifficultiesandtakeupchallenges

[D]aimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime

57.Whentheauthorsays"anewwayofbeing"(line2~3,Para.3)heisreferringto.

[A]anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld

[B]anewwayoftakingrisks

[C]anewmethodofperceivingourselves

[D]anewsystemofadaptationtochange

58.Forpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingexcept.

[A]curiosityaboutmorechances

[B]promptnessinself-adaptation

[C]open-mindednesstonewexperiences

[D]avoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubts

Passage3

Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneeds

becomecomplicated.Manyoflife*sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,

friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnfor

expertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmany

peopletoday.

Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarILAsfamilies

moveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamily

relationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethat

informationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmost

unconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,things

oncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbe

consciouslylearned.

Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividual

nowhasmoreinfonnationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceof

informationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consumingandsometimes

evenoverwhelming.

Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhich

enablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhas

everbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatain

machine-readablefiles,andtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.

Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andvery

shortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextended

thepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbeshared

worldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithoutthe

participantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhas

facilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmaking

moreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.

Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,

thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed,

"Knowledgeispower1*maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemost

criticalrequirementofallpeople.

59.Thewordnit"(Line4,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto.

[A]thelackofstablecommunities

[B]thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannels

[C]theincreasedmobilityoffamilies

[D]thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace

60.Themainproblempeoplemayencountertodayarisesfromthefactthat.

[A]theyhavetolearnnewthingsconsciously

[B]theylacktheconfidenceofsecuringreliableandtrustworthyinformation

[C]theyhavedifficultyobtainingtheneededinformationreadily

[D]theycanhardlycarryoutcasualcommunicationswithanextendedfamily

61.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

[A]electronicmailwillsoonplayadominantroleintransmittingmessages

[B]itwillbecomemoredifficultforpeopletokeepsecretsinaninformationera

[C]peoplewillspendlesstimeholdingmeetingsorconferences

[D]eventswillbereportedonthespotmainlythroughsatellites

62.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.

[A]itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspossible

[B]peopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationaccessible

[C]weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatinginformation

[D]itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficiently

Passage4

Personalityistolargeextentinherent-A-type-parentsusuallybringaboutAtypeof