武漢市屆高中畢業生四月調研考試英語試卷全卷滿分分。考試用時分鐘。注意事項：答題前，先將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區域內。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。考試結束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力共兩節，滿分分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節共5小題；每小題5分，滿分5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的C三個選項中選出最佳選秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Continuehistask.B.Chargehisphone.C.Havearest.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:hasbeencrazylatelythatlinesareapproaching.W:Ifeelthat.Haveyoutriedtakingsmallbrickstorecharge?M:Ishouldhave.IjustfeellikeIcan’ttostop.第1頁/共26頁W:me,aquickbreakcanactuallymakeyoumoreproductive.2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthemandoing?A.Playingavideogame.B.Havingawalkoutside.C.Readinganadventurestory.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:beenonyourtabletforawhile.Whynotstopandgooutsideforsomefreshair?M:Justfivemoreminutes.I’malmostatthenextlevelofmyadventure.3.此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ariver.B.Afilm.C.Amusician.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Oh,mygoodness!Itbringsbackalotofmemories.dadandIcriedariveroverthisthingwhenyouwereonlytwoyearsold.Lookatyou,acollegestudentM:Howmoving!AndIlovethemusichere,thesoftviolin.4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanhavedifficultyin?A.Raisingquestionsinclass.B.Keepingupwiththematerial.C.Communicatingwiththeteacher.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Inoticedthatyou’vebeenquieterinclassrecently.Everythingokay?M:I’vejustbeenfeelingabitbehindinthematerial.W:It’simportanttoaskquestionswhenyouareunsure.M:Thanks,MissGreen.5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomantrytomaster?ADescribingfeelings.B.Combiningcolours.C.Paintinglandscapes.【答案】B第2頁/共26頁【解析】【原文】W:Istartedpaintingrecently.It’ssurprisinglyrelaxing.M:Really?Thatsoundscool.Whatareyoupainting?W:Mostlylandscapes.I’mtryingtogetthehangofmixingcolors.M:I’dlovetotrythat,too.第二節共小題；每小題5分，滿分5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onaplane.B.Atastation.C.Atanairport.7.WhenwillthemanleaveforBoston?A.9:15.B.9:45.C.10:17.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】原文】W:HowcanIhelpyou?M:Hi,mysonandImissedourninefifteenflighttoBoston.What’stheearliestwecangetthere?W:Sorrythere’snodirectflighttoday.havetwooptions.Oneleavesat9:45connectsinSanFranciscoandarrivesat13:45.Theotherdepartsat10:17,stopsinLosAngelesandarrivesinBostonafteratwohourflight.M:Thanks,I’lltakethefirstone.8.Whoisateacher?A.Jenna.B.Rachel.C.Simon.9.HowdidJennabecomefamous?A.Bylaunchingablog.B.Bycreatingalifestyle.C.Byrunningamagazine.10.Whatwillthewomandonext?第3頁/共26頁A.afriend.B.Sendamessage.C.Readapost.【答案】8.B9.A10.B【解析】【原文】M:Ican’tbelieveit’sbeensolong,Rachel,howhaveyoubeen?W:OhSimon,I’vebeengood,justkeephimbusywithteachingyouknow,makingteachingplans,assigninghomework.Butguesswhat?IcameacrossJennatheotherday.M:Jenna?youmeanourJenna?Theonewhousedtoalwayswriteinhernotebook?W:shestartedthislifestyleblogayearagoandnowshe’sacelebritywithmillionsoffollowers.M:What?Noway.Irememberwhenshewasinhighschoolshe’dalwaystalkaboutwantingtoshareherthoughtswithpeopleandneverimagineditwouldblowuplikethis.W:Iknow,herpostsareeverywhere.Iactuallysawherinamagazinelastweek.I’msoproudofher.M:That’samazing.shoulddefinitelyreachouttocongratulateher.W:Absolutely.I’lltexther.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Fellowworkers.C.andstudent.12.HowdoesthemanfeelaboutAIuseatfirst?A.Slightlydoubtful.B.Ratherdisappointed.C.Prettysatisfied.13.WhatdoesAIhelpthewomantodo?A.drafts.B.Gradeessays.C.Generateideas.【答案】A12.A13.C【解析】【原文】W:HaveyouheardaboutalltheAItoolsthatarebeingusedinschoolsnow?Ourteachersareevenusingthemtogradeassignments.M:Iheardaboutthat.It’sprettywild,right?Icanseehowithelpsteacherssavetime,butitalsofeelsalittlestrange.Like,canAIreallyunderstandtheslightdifferencesinthepaper?W:Igetwhatyoumean,butAIcan,andit’snotjustgrading.SomeschoolsareusingAItogivestudentssuggestions,likehowtoimprovetheirwritingorevenhelpthemwithresearch.It’slikehavingatutor247.M:That’sprettycoolactually.第4頁/共26頁W:I’vebeenusingAItohelpmewithmyessays.Beforewriting,Iturntoitanditmeavarietyofideas.Itcanalsopolishtheroughdraftsofmyessays.It’sbetterthanstaringatablankpageforhours.M:AIisdevelopingsorapidly.14.Whydidquitfootball?A.Hepreferredacting.B.Hehatedbeingpushed.C.Hewaspooratrunning.15.WhatmotivatedtostarthiscareerinBarcelona?A.Gaudi’sworks.B.Localdishes.C.Excitingmatches.16.WhatchallengedthemostinBarcelona?A.Spanishidioms.B.Extremeheat.C.Hugecrowds.17.WhichbestdescribesA.Ambitious.B.Considerate.C.Generous.【答案】14.C15.A16.B17.A【解析】【原文】W:Hellocanyousharehowyouchoseyourcareerpath?M:anderror.Honestly,mydadwasaprofessionalfootballersoItriedthatfirst.Butlet’sjustsayrunningwasn’tmystrengthsoIquitaftersixmonths.Mymompushedmetowardactingsinceshewasonstageherself,butIkeptstrugglingonlines.ThenIrealizedI’dalwaysgetreallyexcitedaboutstudyingcoolbuildings.Thatahamomentletmestraighttoarchitectureschool.W:WhydidyouchooseBarcelonaspecifically?M:WhenIvisiteditatnineteenforafootballmatchandgotattachedtoGaudi’sfamousdesigns?IreadtonguesabouthisurbandesignafterwardandpromisedmyselfI’lladdmyownstyletothiscitysomeday.Plus,Itrulyenjoytheamazinglocaldishesandexcitingmatchdays.W:Sowhat’syourbiggestadjustmentwhenlivinghere?M:Survivingextremelyhotsummers,learningSpanisheverydayexpressionsandhandlingcrowdstooktimetoo.Buthey,greatlocalfoodfixedmostproblems.W:Thanksforsharing.journeywassuperinspiring.I’msuremanyofouryounglistenerslearnedalotfromyourexperience.M:Hopefullyso.第5頁/共26頁18.WhatcausedtheSilverFiretoworseninCalifornia?A.Strongwinds.B.Geographicfeatures.C.Humanactivities.19.HowmanyacreshastheRockfireburnedinSouthCarolina?A.Nearly574.B.Upto2,000.C.About000.20.WhatshouldcertainpeopleinGreenvilledo?A.Fightagainsthurricanes.B.Cleanupdryplants.C.Keepawayfromhomes.【答案】18.A19.C20.C【解析】【原文】M:AlargewildfirebrokeoutincentralCaliforniaonSunday,growingrapidlytoathousandacresandforcingresidentstoleavetheirhomes.TheSilverfirestartednearbishopiniocounty,closingpartofushighwaysix.BySundaynight,firefightershadnotyetcontrolledthefire.Strongwindsupto35milesperhourmadetheburningareasworseandstoppedplanesfromhelping.expertswarnedthatevenstrongerwindscouldspreadthefirefurtherthroughMonday.Meanwhile,southCarolinawildfirescontinueburningasofficialspreparetoliftastatewideburnban.Excludingfivecountiesstillatrisk.ThebiggestfiretablerockhasburnednearlyacresinsouthCarolinaand574acresinnorthCarolina,withonly9%contained.Anotherfire,Persmanridge,hasburned2000acresandis24%contained.SomeGreenvillecountyresidentsmuststayawayfromtheirhomesthesefiresarespreadingduetodryplantsandfallentreesleftbyhurricaneHelena.第二部分閱讀共兩節，滿分分)第一節共小題；每小題5分，滿分5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Athreedifferenttypesofsubscriptions,detailedSubscriptionProvide第6頁/共26頁?unlimitedaccesstoTheAtlantic.comandouriOSandAndroidapp?allthebenefitsofaDigitalsubscription&?10printissuesofthemagazine?allthebenefitsofPrint&Digitalsubscriptions?ad-freewebbrowsing(瀏覽)onTheAtlantic.comWhenyoupurchaseaone-time,non-renewingsubscription,wewillchargeyourselectedmethodofpaymentatthetimeofpurchase.Automaticallyrenewingsubscriptionsrequireongoingchargesatsettimes:first,whenyouinitiallysubscribeandthenannuallyoreverytwoyearsdependingontheoptionyouchooseatcheckout.willcontinuetobechargedatyourselectedinterval(間隔)unless,priortoyourrenewaldate,youoptoutofautomaticrenewalorcancelyoursubscription.Whengivingagiftsubscription,wewillchargeyourselectedmethodofpaymentatthetimeofpurchase.Subscriptionspurchasedthroughathirdpartyareonlymanagedthroughthatthirdparty.arenotabletoinitiate,cancel,orrefundanythird-partysubscriptiononthecustomer’sbehalf.reservetherighttochangeoursubscriptionpricesatanytime.21.WhatfeatureisuniquetoPremiumsubscriptions?A.Limitlesswebsiteaccess.B.FreeiOSandAndroidapp.C.Uninterruptedwebexperiences.D.10printissuesofthemagazine.22.Whichsubscriptionisthemagazineunabletocanceldirectly?A.Purchases.B.AutomaticallyRenewingSubscriptions.C.GiftSubscriptions.D.Third-PartySubscriptions.23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.persuade.B.inform.C.comment.D.advertise.【答案】21.C22.D23.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了訂閱服務的不同類型以及訂閱計費的條款，詳細列出了各種訂閱方式所提供的服務內容、計費方式、自動續訂規則、禮品訂閱的處理方式以及第三方訂閱的管理說明。第7頁/共26頁【21題詳解】部分中的“ad-freewebbrowsing(瀏覽)onTheAtlantic.Com(月刊》官網上無廣告瀏覽)”可知，高級訂閱可享受在瀏覽網頁時不會被廣告干擾，屬于無干擾的網絡體驗，這是高級訂閱獨有的特點。故選C。【22題詳解】Third-PartySubscriptions:Subscriptionspurchasedthroughathirdpartyareonlymanagedthroughthatthirdparty.arenotabletoinitiate,cancel,orrefundanythird-partysubscriptiononthecustomer’sbehalf.(第三方訂閱：通過第三方購買的訂閱服務僅由該第三方進行管理。我們無法代表客戶發起、取消或退還任何第三方訂閱服務的費用)”可知，通過第三方購買的訂閱服務僅由該第三方進行管理，雜志方無法代表客戶發起、取消或退還任何第三方訂閱服務的費用。故選D。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章內容可知，本文詳細介紹了《大西洋月刊》的訂閱類型和計費條款等信息，目的是向讀者傳達這些相關內容，讓讀者了解相關規定和服務詳情，屬于告知性質，而不是說服讀者去做某事、對某事進行評論或者為產品做廣告宣傳。故選B。BThesedays,IhavebeengatheringcontributionsforClassNotesfrommyclassmatesattheBrearleySchool.Sevencontributionshavecomein.Theyarelongorshort,emotionalormatter-of-fact,andnowmyjobwillbetocutandselect,rephraseandquote,andcountwordsfromeachcontributor-ourentirecollectionwillhavetoadduptonomorethansixhundredandfiftywords.Thetoughpartistryingtogivemoreorlessequalspacetoeachoftheselifeaccounts,sincesomeofustendtorelateincidentsingreatdetailwhileothersaretight-lipped.Ifnineofusaltogether,includingme,contributenotes,theneachnoteisallowedalittleoverseventywords.Ifanothercontributioncomesinatthelastminute,weallgodowntoaboutsixty-five.DoIcutoutthetriptoCostaRica,orthevisittothenephewinNewJersey?Therecentgrandchild,brokenleg,orScrabble(拼字游戲)competition?WhydidIdecideIwouldnotmindbeingaclass-notesagent?IsupposeIpursueanypieceofwritingfortwomainreasons.First,Ilikethechallengeoftryinganewform.Inthiscase,mytaskistorearrangethewritingsofarangeofpersonalitiestocreateonefairlysmoothwhole.Thesecondreasonisalwaysemotional.Here,onesourceofmyemotionwastheyears-longexperienceoftheschoolitself.Iwasalsotouchedthatmyclassmatessuggestedmeforthejob,theirsensiblereasonbeing:awriter.“Asa65-year-oldlady,Ifeeltiredsometimes,butI’veneverstoppedvaluingeverymomentinthisjob.Forme,第8頁/共26頁myclassmatesarestillfullofyouthfulenergy,passion,ordisgustortearfulhurt.I’mnotsureI’mnaturallygiftedatturningallthesecolorfuldetailsintoabriefandentertainingaccount.That’showIdoit—quotetheirownwordsasoftenasIcan.24.Whatdoestheauthorneedtodowiththecontributions?A.Editandadjustthem.B.Collectandgradethem.C.Ensurethevarietyofthem.D.Addpersonalcommentstothem.25.Howdoestheauthorexplainthedifficultyofthejob?A.Bycitingquotes.B.Bylistingexamples.C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bygivingdefinitions.26.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromparagraph3?A.Sheprioritizesnewforms.B.Sheprefersemotionalwriting.C.Sheishesitantabouttherole.D.Sheisacknowledgedbyherclassmates.27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthejob?A.It’sstressful.B.It’sworthwhile.C.It’sstraightforward.D.It’stroublesome.【答案】24.A25.B26.D27.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者作為班級筆記編輯，負責收集、整理和編輯同學們投稿的班級筆記的工作內容和感受。【24題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“Theyarelongorshort,emotionalormatter-of-fact,andnowmyjobwillbetocutandselect,rephraseandquote,andcountwordsfromeachcontributor-ourentirecollectionwillhavetoadduptonomorethansixhundredandfiftywords.(它們有長有短，有情感上的，也有事實上的，現在我的工作將是剪切和選擇，重新措辭和引用，并計算每個投稿人的字數——我們的整個合集加起來不得超過650字)”可知，作者需要對投稿進行編輯和調整。故選A。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Thetoughpartistryingtogivemoreorlessequalspacetoeachoftheselifeaccounts,sincesomeofustendtorelateincidentsingreatdetailwhileothersaretight-lipped.Ifnineofusaltogether,includingme,contributenotes,theneachnoteisallowedalittleoverseventywords.Ifanothercontributioncomesinatthelastminute,weallgodowntoaboutsixty-five.DoIcutoutthetriptoCostaRica,orthevisittothenephewinNewJersey?Therecentgrandchild,brokenleg,orScrabble(拼字游戲)competition?(最困難的部分是第9頁/共26頁試圖為這些生活描述中的每一個提供或多或少相等的空間，因為我們中的一些人傾向于詳細地講述事件，而另一些人則守口如瓶。如果我們九個人，包括我在內，一起寫筆記，那么每個筆記都允許有七十多個單詞。如果在最后一刻收到另一份捐款，我們都會減少到大約六十五份。我該取消去哥斯達黎加的行程，還是去新澤西看望侄子的行程？最近摔斷腿的孫子還是拼字游戲比賽？)”可知，作者通過舉例說明了工作的困難。故選B。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Iwasalsotouchedthatmyclassmatessuggestedmeforthejob,theirsensiblereasonbeing:awriter.”()”可推知，作者被她的同學們認可。故選D。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Asa65-year-oldlady,Ifeeltiredsometimes,butI’veneverstoppedvaluingeverymomentinthisjob.(作為一名65歲的女士，我有時會感到疲憊，但我從未停止過珍惜這份工作中的每一刻)”可知，作者珍惜這份工作中的每一刻，由此可推知，作者認為這份工作很值得。故選B。CHeidico-founderofBlue,anorganizationcommittedtobeachcleaning,waspuzzledwhensheandherteammatesstartedfindingstrangetire-shapedcapsuleswashedashorealongtheCapecoast,nearAustralia’snortheasterntip.ButeventuallyconnectedwithSatlink—aSpanishsatellitecommunicationscompany.Satlink’sGPS-enabledbuoys(浮標),theonesthebeachcleanerskeptfinding,helpcommercialfisherstracktheirnets,linesetc.hadabrainwavethatwouldseethebuoysnotjustrecycledbutreused.Formorethanadecade,boatcrewsworkingfartherwest,inAustralia’sGulfofCarpentaria,hadbeentellingabouthowabandonedfishingnetswerecirclingthegulf,hurtingseacreatures.Theseso-calledghost(幽靈)netshadeitherbrokenfreefromcommercialfishingboatsandgottenlost,orwerecutloosebyfishersaftergettingcaughtonrocks.afewtonneseach,thenetsthatboatcrewshadchanceduponinthegulfwereoftentoobigforthemtopulloutofthewater.They’dtypicallyreportthefindstotheauthorities,butbythetimeanyonewithanappropriatelyequippedboatcouldheadouttogetone,themassofmessyropehadoftengonefromsight.However,onceoneoftheGPS-enabledbuoysisattached,itsendsitslocationeveryfewhourstoawebsite,whichletsBluemonitorthenets’movements’andwarnstheorganizationofdanger.Sofar,thereusedGPStrackershavehelpedBluerecoverthreeghostnetsfromAustralianwaters.Blue’sideatotrackghostnetsisn’tentirelynew;researcherswiththeCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation(CSIRO),Australia’snationalscienceagency,suggesteditadecadeago.第10頁/共26頁theideaonboard,theauthoritiestriedusingbattery-poweredtrackerstomonitorafewghostnets.Blue’sapproachinthatitsrecycledbuoysaresolarpoweredandrequirelessupkeep.28.Whatwerethetire-shapedcapsulesoriginallyusedfor?A.Removingbeachwaste.B.Recyclingvehicletires.C.Locatingfishingequipment.D.Strengtheningsatellitesignals.29.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph2?AIllustrateafuturepossibility.B.Describeatechnicalprocess.C.Presentapracticalsolution.D.Frameaproblemcontext.30.HowdoBlue’sbuoysoutperformearliertrackers?A.Theyneedlessmaintenance.B.Theymonitorbroaderregions.C.Theyreceivegovernmentfunding.D.Theyprovideprecisetrackingdata.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.intoAFixtoGhostNetsB.FightingThreats:TheHiddenHarmofGhostNetsC.FinancingChange:InnovativeOceanCleanupPlansD.ProtectingSeasfromAnActivistofConservation【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.A【解析】Blue組織如何利用回收的GPS浮標來追蹤和回收澳大利亞水域中的幽靈漁網。【28題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“ButeventuallyconnectedwithSatlink—aSpanishsatellitecommunicationscompany.Satlink’sGPS-enabledbuoys(浮標),theonesthebeachcleanerskeptfinding,helpcommercialfisherstracktheirnets,linesetc.(但最終與西班牙衛星通信公司Satlink取得了聯系。Satlink公司的GPS浮標，也就是海灘清潔工不斷發現的浮標，可以幫助商業漁民追蹤他們的漁網和漁線等)”可知，輪胎形狀的膠囊最初用于定位漁具。故選C。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Formorethanadecade,boatcrewsworkingfartherwest,inAustralia’sGulfofCarpentaria,hadbeentellingabouthowabandonedfishingnetswerecirclingthegulf,hurtingseacreatures.第11頁/共26頁Theseso-calledghost(幽靈)netshadeitherbrokenfreefromcommercialfishingboatsandgottenlost,orwerecutloosebyfishersaftergettingcaughtonrocks.afewtonneseach,thenetsthatboatcrewshadchanceduponinthegulfwereoftentoobigforthemtopulloutofthewater.They’dtypicallyreportthefindstotheauthorities,butbythetimeanyonewithanappropriatelyequippedboatcouldheadouttogetone,themassofmessyropehadoftengonefromsight.(泰特（）講述廢棄漁網如何在海灣中打轉，傷害海洋生物。這些所謂的“幽靈漁網”要么是從商業漁船上掙脫后丟失的，要么是在被巖石掛住后被漁民割斷的。船隊在海灣中偶然發現的這些漁網，每個都有幾噸重，通常都太大，他們無法將其拖出水面。他們通常會向當局報告這些發現，但等到有配備適當設備的船只能夠出發去打撈時，那一大團雜亂的繩子往往已經不見了蹤影)”可知，作者在第二段中打算構建一個問題的背景。故選D。【30題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句“Blue’sapproachinthatitsrecycledbuoysaresolarpoweredandrequirelessBlue較少)”可知，塔加羅阿藍的浮標在性能上與早期的追蹤器相比的優勢是它們需要更少的維護。故選A。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段第一句“Heidico-founderofBlue,anorganizationcommittedtobeachcleaning,waspuzzledwhensheandherteammatesstartedfindingstrangetire-shapedcapsuleswashedashorealongtheCapecoast,nearAustralia’snortheasterntip.(Heidi是Blue的聯合創始人，該組織致力于清潔海灘。當她和她的隊友們開始在澳大利亞東北端附近的約克角海岸發現奇怪的輪胎形膠囊時，她感到很困惑)”以及最后一段第一句“Blue’sideatotrackghostnetsisn’tentirelynew;researcherswiththeCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation(CSIRO),Australia’snationalscienceagency,suggesteditadecadeago.(塔加羅阿藍跟蹤幽靈網的想法并不是全新的；澳大利亞國家科學機構英聯邦科學與工業研究組織（CSIRO）的研究人員十年前就提出了這個建議)”可知，本文介紹了Blue組織如何利用回收的GPS浮標來追蹤和回收澳大利亞水域中的幽靈漁網，所以這篇文章最好的標題是A項“變廢為寶：幽靈網的解決方案”。故選A。DInhealthresearch,determiningtruecauses—likewhetherdrinkingwinehealth—isvitalforinformeddecisions.But“correlationdoesnotequalcausation(因果關系)”iswidelyrecognized.Thenhowdoresearchersmovebeyondcorrelationstofindanswers?Correlationsoftenexistwithoutimplyingcausation.Forinstance,chocolateconsumptioncorrelateswiththe第12頁/共26頁numberofNobelPrizewinnersinsomecountries.DoeseatingchocolateboostNobelwins?No.Thiscorrelationlikelyexistsbecausechocolateconsumptionservesasaforwealth.Inturn,wealthrelatestoeducationandresearchfunding—keyfactorsbehindNobelachievements.So,justfindingalinkisn’tenough.Scientistsneedmorestrongevidencetoestablishcausation.Unlikehighlycontrolledchemistryorphysicsexperiments,whichcaneasilyshowhowXY,humanbiologyoftenreliesonindirectevidence.Itrequires“inductivereasoning”—drawinggeneralconclusionsfromavailableevidence.It’slikehowaprosecutor(檢察官)buildsacriminalcaseusingcircumstantialevidence.Whileindividualpiecesmightnotbepersuasive,theirbuild-upstrengthensthecase.There’soneinterestingcontrast,however..Incriminalcases,thestandardofproofis“beyondreasonabledoubt”,butsciencedemandsproofbased“onthebalanceofprobabilities”.Thisreflectsscientists’willingnesstorevisetheirbeliefswhenbetterevidenceemerges.Indirectevidenceiscrucialforinferringcausation,butitisnotalwaysconclusive.Thegoldstandardfordirectevidenceofcausationistherandomisedcontrolledtrial(RCT),whereparticipantsarerandomlyassignedtoeitherreceiveaninterventionortobea“control”.Thisensuresifyouseeadifferencebetweenthetwogroups,thiscanonlybeduetotheoftheintervention,whicheffectivelyprovescausation.Unfortunately,ethical(道德的)considerationsoftenpreventusconductingForinstance,welackRCTevidencethatsmokingcauseslungcancerbecausetheindirectevidenceissostrongthatsuchstudieswouldbeunethical.Causationinhealthdoesn’tworkinasimpleway.Factorslikelifestyle,genes,andenvironmentinteracttodeterminediseaserisk.Achievingperfecthealthrequiresavarietyofactions,asnosinglehabit,superfood,ormagicpillistheanswer.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“”inparagraph2mean?A.Replacement.B.Condition.C.Indicator.D.Preference.33.Howdoscientists’inferencesfromprosecutors’conclusions?A.Theyremainopentoupdate.B.Theyguaranteeabsolutecertainty.C.Theyrelylargelyonindirectevidence.D.Theyrequirehigherstandardofproof.34.WhyisRCTconsideredthegoldstandardforestablishingcausation?A.Itwideapplication.B.Itensuresfairassignment.C.Itavoidsethicalconsiderations.D.Itidentifiesinterventioneffects.35.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionforhealthimprovement?A.Countingongoodhabits.B.Integratingmultiplestrategies.第13頁/共26頁C.acure-allpill.D.Leadinganactivelifestyle.【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要討論了健康研究中確定真正原因的重要性，以及研究人員如何超越相關性來尋找答案。【32題詳解】Correlationsoftenexistwithoutimplyingcausation.Forinstance,chocolateconsumptioncorrelateswiththenumberofNobelPrizewinnersinsomecountries.(相關性常常存在，但并不意味著因果關系。例如，在一些國家，巧克力的消費量與諾貝爾獎獲得者的數量有關)”以及后文“Inturn,wealthrelatestoeducationandresearchfunding—keyfactorsbehindNobelachievements.(——這是諾貝爾獎成就背后的關鍵因素)”可知，討論巧克力和諾貝爾獎的聯系，所以前句應是“巧克力消費是財富的指標”之意，推知proxy意為“指標”和C項意思相近。故選C項。【33題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段“There’soneinterestingcontrast,however.Incriminalcases,thestandardofproofis“beyondreasonabledoubt”,butsciencedemandsproofbased“onthebalanceofprobabilities”.Thisreflectsscientists’willingnesstorevisetheirbeliefswhenbetterevidenceemerges.(然而，有一個有趣的對比。在刑事案件中，證明標準是“排除合理懷疑”，但科學要求證明基于“可能性平衡”。這反映了科學家在出現更好的證據時愿意修正自己的觀點。)”可知，科學家的推斷與檢察官的結論不同之處在于，科學家愿意在出現更好的證據時修正自己的觀點，即他們的推斷是開放的、可以更新的。故選A項。【34題詳解】細節理解題。根據第四段“Thegoldstandardfordirectevidenceofcausationistherandomisedcontrolledtrial(RCT),whereparticipantsarerandomlyassignedtoeitherreceiveaninterventionortobea“control”.Thisensuresifyouseeadifferencebetweenthetwogroups,thiscanonlybeduetotheoftheintervention,whicheffectivelyprovescausation.（因果關系直接證據的金標準是隨機對照試驗(RCT)，參與者被隨機分配到接受干預組或“對照組”。這就確保了如果你看到兩組之間的差異，這只能是由于干預的效果，從而有效地證''可知，RCT被認為是確定因果關系的金標準是因為它確定了干預措施的效果，從而有效地證明了因果關系。故選D項。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Causationinhealthdoesn’tworkinasimpleway.Factorslikelifestyle,genes,andenvironmentinteracttodeterminediseaserisk.Achievingperfecthealthrequiresavarietyofactions,asnosingle第14頁/共26頁habit,superfood,ormagicpillistheanswer.(健康的因果關系并不簡單。生活方式、基因和環境等因素相互作用決定疾病風險。達到完美的健康需要各種各樣的行動，因為沒有單一的習慣，超級食物或神奇藥丸是答案。)”可知，作者建議要整合多種策略來改善健康。故選B項。第二節共5小題；每小題5分，滿分5分)I’vealwaysdislikedgettingupinwinter.Asachild,Iwoulddragmyselfoutofbed,myeyeshalf-closed,andwatchmyschooluniformwarmingontheradiator.____36____It’stoodark,andIamalwayshalf-asleep.____37____Mostofthemarefun,butfewreallychangemylifeinthelongrun.Sunrisealarmclocks,however,aredifferent.They’vebecomeafundamentalpartofmymorningroutine.Mytoppicks,theLumieBodyclockSpark100andPhilipsSmartSleep,havegreatlybenefitedme.I’mwakingupeverydayfeelingmoreenergeticandmentallysharper.Essentially,sunrisealarmclocksareacombinationofalarmclockandlighttreatmentdevicethatshineswithincreasingbrightnessasyourwake-uptimeapproaches.Thelightinteractswithournaturalsleep-wakecycle,muchasthesundoeswhenitrises.____38____Sunrisealarmclocksalsopromotehealthiersleephabits.Inourtech-drivenworld,wakingupoftenmeansimmediatelycheckingourphones.Animportantstrengthofsunrisealarmclocksisthatyourmorningwake-upnolongerinvolvesyourphone.Stoppingasmartphonealarmmeansyourdaybeginswitheyeson-screen.____39____Butwiththeseclocks,youcanstartthedaywithaclearermindandmoreconcentration.Sleepispersonal,andnosingledevicefitseveryone.Butforme,sunrisealarmclockshavebeenagame-changer.They’reaffordable,withqualitymodelsavailableforunder￡30.____40____Afterall,somemorningpeoplearemade,notborn.A.Theyprovetofallintothisuniquecategory.B.Interestedintech,Ioftentestfascinatingdevices.C.Therefore,wewakeupbiologicallypreparedfortheday.D.Thepathtoendlessscreentimeisjustafingerprintaway.E.Thesedays,IsetmultiplealarmstoensureI’mwokenup.F.Ifyouarestrugglingwithdarkmornings,it’sworthashot.G.AllofthesunrisealarmclocksI’vetestedhavetheirstrengths.【答案】36.E37.B38.C39.D40.F【解析】第15頁/共26頁【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了日出鬧鐘的功能、優點以及作者個人的使用體驗。詳細解釋了日出鬧鐘如何結合鬧鐘和光治療設備的功能，通過逐漸增強的光線亮度來模擬日出，從而幫助人們更自然地醒來，并促進更健康的睡眠習慣。【36題詳解】根據上文“Asachild,Iwoulddragmyselfoutofbed,myeyeshalf-closed,andwatchmyschooluniformwarmingontheradiator.(小時候，我會半閉著眼睛，拖著自己從床上起來，看著我的校服在暖氣片上暖著)”以及下文“It’stoodark,andIamalwayshalf-asleep.(天太黑了，我總是處于半睡半醒的狀態)說的是現在作者起床的狀況。選項E“Thesedays,IsetmultiplealarmstoensureI’mwokenup.(如今，我會設置好幾個鬧鐘來確保自己能醒來)”符合語境，銜接上下文，說明現在作者為了起床所采取的措施。故選E。【37題詳解】根據下文“Mostofthemarefun,butfewreallychangemylifeinthelongrun.Sunrisealarmclocks,however,aredifferent.(它們大多數都很有趣，但從長遠來看，很少有能真正改變我生活的)”可推測，空處要提到“them”所指代的內容。選項B“Interestedintech,Ioftentestfascinatingdevices.(因為對科技感興趣，我經常測試一些有趣的設備)”能引出下文，說明作者測試各種設備，然后引出對日出鬧鐘的介紹。其中的“devices”與下文的“them”指代一致。故選B。【38題詳解】根據上文“Essentially,sunrisealarmclocksareacombinationofalarmclockandlighttreatmentdevicethatshineswithincreasingbrightnessasyourwake-uptimeapproaches.Thelightinteractswithournaturalsleep-wakecycle,muchasthesundoeswhenitrises.(從本質上講，日出鬧鐘是鬧鐘和光療設備的結合，隨著起床時間的-)說的是日出鬧鐘的原理以及對我們的影響。選項C“Therefore,we