一.1980考研英語翻譯真題及答案SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation將下列句子譯成英語：（本大題共20分，第1題2分，其他各題均3分）SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(20points)水一煮沸請立即把開關關掉。1.Pleaseturnofftheswitch(switchoff)assoonasthewaterboils.2.在八拾年代，中國人民將以更大的步伐向前前進。2.TheChinesepeoplewillforgeahead(marchon,marchonward,marchforward)withgreaterstridesin1980’s.3.我們都同意李同志已作出的決定。3.WeallagreetothedecisioncomradeLihasmade(made).4.這個成果比我們預期的要好得多。4.Theresultismuch(far)betterthanweexpected.5.在過去的三年中，在恢復我國國民經濟方面做了大量的工作。5.Duringthepastthreeyearsalot(ofwork)hasbeendoneintherecovery(restoration)ofournationaleconomy(inrecoveringournationaleconomy;inrestoringournationaleconomy).6.我們把英語作為學習西方先進科學技術的一種工具。6.WeuseEnglishasatoolinlearningWesternadvancedscienceandtechnology.7.沒有黨的領導，我國的社會主義現代化是不也許實現的。7.Itisimpossibletoaccomplish(carryout,fulfill,materialize)thesocialistmodernizationofourcountry(oursocialistmodernization)withouttheleadershipoftheParty.SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation將下列短文譯成漢語：（本大題30分）（文科各類專業譯第1段，理、工、醫、農、體各類專業譯第2段）SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslation(30points)(1)ThelifeofAlbertEinsteinisamodelinmanywaysforbothnaturalandpoliticalscientists.阿伯特·愛因斯坦的畢生在許多方面，無論是對自然科學家，還是政治科學家，都是一種范例。Firstofall,healwaysemployedthescientificmethodofseekingtruthfromfacts.Hefirmlybelievedasheputit,that“thereisnothingincomprehensibleabouttheuniverse,”andthroughpainstakingwork,explainedmanyofthephenomenathoughttobe“incomprehensible”inhisday.Einsteinwasalsoneverafraidtoadmitmistakeswhenfactsprovedhistheorieswrong.首先，他總是運用從事實中尋求真理的地。正如他所說的，他堅信“有關宇宙沒有東西是不可知的，”并通過艱苦的勞動，了許多在他那個時代被認為是“不可知”的種種現象。并且，當事實證明他的理論是錯誤的時候，愛因斯坦也從不膽怯承認錯誤。Second,Einstein’scontributionsshowedthegreatimportanceoftheoreticalworktoscientificeffort.Althoughhehimselfrarelyworkedinlaboratories,theconceptshedevelopedledtomanyofthescientificadvanceswhichhaveshapedmoderntechnology.另一方面，愛因斯坦的奉獻闡明理論工作對科學成就的巨大的重要性。雖然他自已很少在試驗室工作，他所發展的多種概念使科學獲得了許多進展，從而形成了現代技術。Third,Einsteinbelievedverydeeplythatscientistsmusthaveamoralandsocialconsciousness.Inthisway,heprovidedinspirationforawholegenerationofscientistswhobecameactiveintheCommunistmovement.第三，愛因斯坦深信科學家必須具有道德和社會意識。這樣，他鼓舞了整個一代的科學家，使他們積極參與共產主義運動。Einsteinisoftenportrayedinbourgeoiswritingsasa“genius”whosetheoriesaresocomplicatedthatnoonebutafewbestscientistscanunderstandthem.Buthehimselfrejectedtheeffortstoputhiminapositionfaraboveotherpeople.Hewaswellknownforhishumblemannerandoftenstressedtointerviewersthathisaccomplishmentswouldcertainlyhavebeenachievedbyothershadheneverlived.愛因斯坦在資產階級的筆下被描繪為一種“天才”，他的理論是如此地難于理解，以致只有少數最杰出的科學家才能懂得。不過，他本人不一樣意他人把他高置于他人之上的那些做法。他的謙遜態度是眾所周知的，他常常對來訪者強調說，假如沒有他的話，他人也肯定可以獲得他那樣的成就。Actually,Einstein’stheoryofrelativityandhisotherscientificworksarenotthathardtounderstandwithalittlestudy.ButbeyondlearningEinstein’stheories,hisoverallattitudetowardsscienceasatooltoliberatehumanityissomethingfromwhicheveryonecanandshouldlearn.實際上，愛因斯坦的相對論以及他的其他科學論著稍加研究是不難懂得的。不過除了學習愛因斯坦的理論外，他對于運用科學作為一種工具來解放人類的總的態度是每個人可以學習的，并且也是應當學習的。(2)Betweennowandtheendofthecentury,therewillbemanyexcitingdevelopmentsandalsomanydifficultproblemstodealwith.Perhapsthemosturgentproblemistoprovideenoughfood.Theworld’spopulationisexpectedtoreach7,000millionbytheyear,butalreadyscientistshaveproducednewandbettervarietiesofwheatandriceandanimal.Theyhavealsobeenexperimentingwithtechniquesofcultivatingplantsbyusingmixturesofchemicalcompoundsandwateronly,andthentherewillbenoneedforordinarysoil.Anotherproblemwhichtheworldwillfaceistogetridofrefuse(廢料).Onesolutionistoburnrefuseatveryhightemperaturesinincinerators(焚化爐).Adevelopmentofthis,whichmayproveveryusefulinthefuture,istousetheseincineratorstogeneratesteampower.Infact,anynewsourceofenergywillbeverywelcome,asthereisalreadyashortageofpetroleum.Tosolvetheenergyproblem,scientistswillprobablyalsotrytomakemoreuseofsolarenergy.從目前到本世紀末，將有許多令人興奮的發展，同樣也有許多困難的問題，需要加以處理。也許最為迫切的問題是提供足夠的糧食。到世界人口預期將到達70億，不過科學家們已經培育出多種小麥、稻谷和牲畜的優良品種。他們還在試驗只用化合物和水的混合劑來培植作物的技術，到那裏就可不需一般的土壤了。世界將面對著的另一問題是處理廢物。有一種處理措施就是在焚化爐中用高溫的廢物燒掉。這種措施的一種新發展，也許在未來證明極為有用，即是以這些焚火爐來產生蒸汽動力。事實是，任何新的能源都將是非常受歡迎的，由于石油已感局限性。要處理能源問題，科學家們也許會高潮更多地運用太陽能。Thepossibleeffectsofsomescientificfields,suchaslasersandcryogenics(低溫學),aredifficulttoimagineandbothalreadyhaveanumberofuses.Thesupercoolingeffectsofthecryogenicswhichconvertliquidhelium(液態氦)andothergasesinto“superfluids”andmetalsinto“superconductors”,makingthemnon-resistanttoelectricity,couldchangetheworldinanumberofways.Thelaser,withitsbeamofstronglight,candrillaholeinadiamond,andyetcanbesowellcontrolledthatitcanbeusedindelicateeyeoperations.Thequestioniswhetheritwillbemostusedforpeacefulpurposesorasadeadlyweapon.諸如激光學和低溫學，某些科學領域的也許作用是難以想象的，它們兩者已經有若干用途。低溫學的過冷作用將液態氦及某些氣體變成“超流體”，將某些金屬變成“超導體”，使它們沒有電阻，從而可以在好些方面變化世界面貌。激光，以它強烈的光束，可在金剛石上鉆孔，也可以很好地加以控制來進行難做的眼科手術。問題是它將被大量用于和平的目的呢，還是用途致使的武器。Butperhapsthemostremarkabledevelopmentswilloccurinspaceflight.Oneofthedifficultiesinthepasthasbeenthehighcost,butnowthespaceshuttleisbeingdeveloped,andcanbeusedalargenumberoftimesinsteadofonlyonce.Alreadymanhasbeentothemoon.Perhapsbytheendofthecenturyhewillhavehadaclose-upviewofVenus(金星)orMars(火星).但最驚人的發展也許將出目前宇宙飛行方面。過去的困難之一在于代價太高。但目前航天飛機正在發展，這種航天飛機可以使用多次而不是僅僅一次而已。人類已經到過月球。也許到本世紀末人類對金星或火星等將有一種精細的觀測。二.1981考研英語翻譯真題及答案解析SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(10points)1.這門課我們越學越喜歡。1.ThemoreIstudythesubject,themoreIlikeit.2.這家工廠只能供應我們所需要的百分之三拾。2.Thefactorycanonlysupplythirtypercentofwhatweneed.3.他們一直談到入睡。3.Theydidnotstoptalkinguntiltheyfellasleep.4.許多人認為電是燃料，但實際上并非如此。4.Manypeoplethinkthatelectricityisafuel;but,asamatteroffact,itisnot.5.我國的社會主義現代化是一項我們必須努力完畢的任務。5.Thesocialistmodernizationofourcountryisanimportanttaskthatwemuststrivetofulfill.SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationChooseoneofthefollowingthreepassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.(40points)(1)TheUnitedKingdomisamonarchical(君主政體的)State.ItisoneoftheindependentmembersoftheCommonwealth(theQueenisrecognizedasheadoftheCommonwealth),andamemberoftheEuropeanCommunity.聯合王國是一種君主政體的國家。它是英聯邦內獨立的國家之一(女王被承認是英聯邦的首腦)，也是歐洲共同體的組員國。TheoriginsandtraditionsoftheUnitedKingdomaretobefoundineachofthefourpartsthatmakeupthecountry:England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.Englandwasunitedasakingdomathousandyearsago,andWalesbecamepartofthekingdomduringthemiddleages.Thethrones(王位)ofEnglandandScotlandwereunitedin1603,andin1707legislationpassedinthetwocountriesprovidedfortheestablishmentofasingleParliamentofGreatBritainwithsupremeauthoritybothinEnglandandWalesandinScotland.IrelandhadhadlinkswiththekingdomofEnglandsincethethirteenthcentury,andin1800thecreationoftheUnitedKingdomwascompletedbyaunionjoiningtheIrishParliamenttothatofGreatBritain.In1922SouthernIreland(nowtheIrishRepublic)becameaself-governingcountry.ThesixcountiesofNorthernIrelandhadin1920beengiventheirownsubordinateParliament,andvotedtoremainwithintheUnitedKingdom.聯合王國的來源和老式可從構成它的四個部分——英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭——的各個部分找到。英格蘭在一仟年前統一為一種王國，威爾士則于中世紀時成為這王國的一種構成部分。一六〇三年，英格蘭與蘇格蘭的王位合而為一;一七〇七年兩國通過立法，規定設置一種單一的、在英格蘭和威爾士以及在蘇格蘭均享有最高權力的大不列顛國會。愛爾蘭與英格蘭王國自拾三世紀起已經有聯絡;一八〇〇年由于愛爾蘭國會并入大不列顛國會，聯合王國的創立便告完畢。一九二二年，南愛爾蘭(目前的愛爾蘭共和國)成為一種自主的國家。北愛爾蘭的六個郡已于一九二〇年被授權成立自已的、在聯合王國國會之下的議會，并投票表決留在聯合王國內。TheUnitedKingdomParliamentatWestminsterinLondon—withanelectedchambercomprisingmembersfromEnglish,Scottish,WelshandNorthernIrelandconstituencies(選舉區)—thereforerepresentspeoplesharingveryvariedbackgroundsandtraditions.Ithasultimateauthorityforgovernmentandlaw-making,butadministrativearrangementshavedevelopedinsuchawayastotakeaccountoftheparticularneedsofdifferentareas.在倫敦威斯敏斯特的聯合王國國會——它有一種選舉出來的、由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭各地選區所產生的議員構成的議院——因此代表具有拾分不一樣的背景和老式的人民。它具有最高的政府權力和立法權，但在行政管理方面已作出了安排以照顧不一樣地區的特殊需要。EnglandandWalesontheonehandandScotlandontheotherhavedifferentsystemsoflaw,differentcourtsystems,differenteducationsystems,differentsystemsoflocalgovernmentand,formostdomesticmatters,differentgovernmentdepartments.英格蘭和威爾士以及蘇格蘭兩者各有不一樣的法律制度，不一樣的法院系統，不一樣的教育制度，不一樣的地方政府制度，并且設有不一樣的政府部門來處理大部分的內部事務。(2)Asmorepeopleliveclosertogether,andastheyusemachinestoproduceleisure,theyfindthattheirleisure,andeventheirworkinghours,becomespoiltbyaby-productoftheirmachines—namely,noise.Noiseisnowadaysinthenews;ithasacquiredpoliticalstatus,andpublicopinionisdemanding,moreandmoreinsistently,thatsomethingmustbedoneaboutit.伴隨更多的人住得更近，伴隨他們使用多種機器而獲得閑暇，他們發現他們的空暇，甚至他們的工作時間都受到他們機器的一種副產品——即噪音——的嚴重影響。目前新聞報導中常常談論噪音;它已獲得了政治地位，公眾輿論也越來越堅持規定采用一定措施來對付噪音。Tocontrolnoiseistodemandmuchself-discipline(annoyancearisesoftenfromlackofcommoncourtesy),asenseofproportion(thereisusuallyaconflictofinterestifanoiseistobestopped),theexpenditureofmoney(anditisfarmoreeconomicaltodothisearlyratherthatlate),andfinally,technicalknowledge.要控制噪音就得規定很大程度的自我約束(使人煩惱的事常常是由于缺乏一般的禮貌引起的)，一種均衡感(假如要制止噪音，一般會引起利害沖突)，化錢(早化錢比晚化錢經濟得多)，最終尚有技術知識。Technicaldifficultiesoftenarisefromthesubjective-objectivenatureoftheproblem.Youcandefinetheexcessivespeedofamotor-carintermsofapointerreadingonaspeedometer.Butcanyoudefineexcessivenoiseinthesameway?Youfindthatwithanyexistingsimple“noise-meter”,vehicleswhicharejudgedtobeequallynoisymayshowconsiderabledifferenceonthemeter.技術往往是由于問題的主客觀性質引起的。你可以根據速度計上指針所指的讀數來確定一輛汽車的超速。可是，你能用同樣的措施來確定超量的噪音嗎?你會發現，被認為噪音相似的車輛，在任何既有的簡樸“噪音計”上顯示的讀數也許大不相似。Thoughtheidealcurefornoiseistostopitatitssource,thismayinmanycasesbeimpossible.Thenextremedyistoabsorbitonitswaytotheear.雖然消除噪音的最理想措施是產生的本源處消滅它，但在諸多狀況下，這也許是不也許的。另一方面的補救措施是將混音在它抵達耳朵的過程中吸取掉。Domesticnoisesmayperhapsbecontrolledbyforethoughtandcourtesy,andindustrialnoisesbygoodplanningandtechnicalimprovement.Butifwearegoingtoallowfastmotor-cyclesandheavydiesellorriestopasscontinuouslytroughresidentialandbusinessdistricts,thecommunitymustdecideonthecontrolitneedstoexercise,forinthelongrunithasgottopayforit.Andifanationistotakepartinmodernairtransport,itmustenterintointernationalagreementsonthenoisecontrolmeasuresitwillimposeatitsairports—andherethecostofanyrealcontrolistobemeasuredinmillionsofdollars.家裏的噪音或許也許通過事先的考慮與謙讓加以控制，工業噪音則也許通過良好的規劃與技術的改善加以控制。不過，假如我們容許高速摩托車與重型內燃機卡車常常不停地通過住宅區與商業區，那么這些地區的全體居民就必須決定他們需要實行的控制措施，由于從長遠的觀點來看，他們必須為些付出代價。假如一種國家要有現代化的空中運送，它必須參與國際噪音控制措施協定，這些措施它必須責成它的機場予以執行——而在這個問題上，任何真正控制措施的費用要以百萬美元來計算。(3)About350yearsagoGalileomadeatelescopeandlookedthroughitatthesun.Whathesawbothsurprisedandfrightenedhim,forhesawdarkspotsonthesunwhichatoncesuggestedtohimthatGodhadnotmadetheworldquiteasperfectashehadpreviouslybelieved.Hehesitatedtomakehisdiscoveryknown.Meanwhileotherscientistsnoticedthesamelackofsolarperfectionandproclaimed(宣布)thefact.大概在三百五拾年前，伽利略制造了臺望遠鏡，并用它來觀測太陽。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃驚又膽怯，由于他看到太陽上有某些黑點，這使他立即聯想到上帝發明的世界并不象他此前所相信的那么完美。他躊躇不決，不敢把他的發現公布于世。與此同步，其他的科學家也注意到太陽的這個缺陷，并宣布了這個事實。ButGalileocontinuedhisobservationsandwassoonrewardedwithanotherdiscovery.Fixinghisattentiononasinglesunspot(太陽黑子)group,henoticedthatinafewdaysithadmovedinposition,justasifthesunitselfwereturning.Afterwardshefoundasunspotgroupwhichlivedlongenoughtodisappearfromviewonthewesternlimb(邊緣)ofthesun,tore-appearonitseasternlimb,andfinallytoregainitsoldposition.Thisledhimtoconcludethatthesunitselfwasrotatingandthatthetimeittooktomakeonecompleteturnwasabouttwenty-fivetotwenty-sevendays.ActuallyweknowfromthedrawingswhichGalileomadeofsunspotsthattheremusthavebeenquitealotofthematthetimeofhisobservationsintheyears1611and1612.Ifhehadgoneonmakinghisdrawingsintheyearsthatimmediatelyfollowed,weknowthathewouldalmostcertainlyhavenoticedthatsunspotswerebecomingfewerandsmaller.Buthebecameinterestedinotherthingsandsohefailedtorecognizethatthereisakindoflong-termcycleinsunspotactivity,thesunspotsincreasinganddecreasingastheyearsgoon.Laterthisdiscoveryofthesunspotactivitywasmadebyoneofthemostpatientobserversinthehistoryofscience,aGermanchemist,CharlesSchwabe.不過，伽利略繼續進行觀測，很快，他的努力獲得了另一發現。他把注意力集中在一群太陽黑子上，他發現，在幾天內，這群黑子的位置起了變化，宛如太陽自身在轉動。後來，他發既有一群黑子在太陽西部的邊緣上停留了一段時間才消失，然後在太陽的東部邊緣上最終答復原位。此種現象導致他得出這樣的結論：太陽自身在旋轉，旋轉一周約需二拾五到二拾七天。直，我們從伽利略所畫的太陽黑子圖中懂得，在一六一一和一六一二年他觀測太陽期間，一定曾出現過大量的太陽黑子。假如在隨即的幾年中，他繼續把這些太陽黑子描畫下來，我們相信，他大概一定會發現太陽黑子正在變得愈來愈少和愈來愈小?？墒?，那時候，他卻對其他事物發生的愛好，因此，他看不到在太陽黑子的活動中存在著一種長期的周期，伴隨歲月的消逝，太陽黑子會時多時少。後來，發現太陽黑子活動周期的是人是科學史上最有耐心的觀測者之一——德國化學家查爾斯·許偉勃。三.1982年考研英語翻譯真題及答案解析SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)1.伴隨時間的過去，他將會懂得我所講的話。1.Astimegoeson,hewillunderstandwhatIsaid.2.聽說那個地區的工廠比1970年增長了兩倍。2.Wehavebeentoldthattherearenowthreetimesasmanyfactoriesinthatdistrictasin1970.3.在這個季節保持蔬菜新鮮可不輕易。3.Itishardworkkeepingvegetablesfreshinthisseason.4.只要我們繼續努力工作，我們就能提前完畢任務。4.Solongaswecontinuetoworkhard,wecanfinishthetaskaheadofschedule.5.盡管我們的政治和經濟制度存在著巨大差異，我們兩國在許多方面有著共同的利益。5.Despitethegreatdifferencesbetweenourpoliticalandeconomicsystems,ourtwocountriesshareawiderangeofcommoninterest.ChooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.(30points)(1)Incountryaftercountry,talkofnon-smokers’rightisintheair.Whileamajorityofcountrieshavetakenlittleornoactionyet,some30nationshaveintroducedlegislativestepstocontrolsmoking.Manylawshavebeenintroducedinothercountriestohelpcleartheairfornonsmokers,ortocutcigaretteconsumption.Insomedevelopedcountriestheconsumptionofcigaretteshasbecomemoreorlessstabilized.However,inmanydevelopingnations,cigarettesmokingisseenasasignofeconomicprogress—andisevenencouraged.Asmoretobaccocompaniesgointernational,newmarketsaresoughttogainnewsmokersinthosecountries.Forexample,greateffortsaremadebytheAmericantobaccoindustrytosellcigarettesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica—whereU.S.tobaccoexportsincreasedbymorethan27percentin1974.Smokingisharmfultothehealthofpeople.Worldgovernmentsshouldconductseriouscampaignsagainstit.Restrictionsoncigaretteadvertisements,plushealthwarningsonpackagesandbansonpublicsmokingincertainplacessuchastheatres,cinemasandrestaurants,arethemostpopulartoolsusedbynationsinsupportofnonsmokersorincurbingsmoking.Butworldattentionalsoisfocusingonanotherstepwhichwillmakethesmokerincreasinglyself-consciousanduncomfortableabouthishabit.Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallyofthedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.Andcigarettepriceshouldbeboosted.Inthelongrun,thereisnodoubtthateverybodywouldbemuchbetter-offifsmokingwerebannedaltogether,butpeoplearenotreadyforsuchdrasticaction.(1)不吸煙者的權利問題，正在一種又一種國家裏開始議論。至今多數國家很少或還沒有采用措施，有三拾個左右的國家已經采用法律程序控制吸煙。另某些國家則已制定意在為不吸煙者凈化空氣或消減紙煙消費量的多種法律。在某些發達國家中。紙煙的消費量已漸趨穩定。然而在許多發展中國家裏，吸煙卻被視為經濟發展的一種標志——甚至受到鼓勵。伴隨更多的煙草企業走上國際化的道路，它們在這些國家中尋找新的市場，爭取更多的吸煙者。例如美國煙草工業就力圖在中東和北非推銷香煙——在這些地區，美國煙草出口量在1974年增長了百分之二拾七以上。吸煙對人民健康有害。世界各國政府應當開展認真的反對吸煙運動。限制香煙廣告，每包香煙上加印有害健康的警告，以及嚴禁在諸如影劇院和餐館等某些公共場所吸煙，這些都是許多國家用以支持不吸煙者和控制吸煙最常用的措施。同步，人們也正把注意力集中在另一項措施上。這項措施將使吸煙者越來越意識到自已的不良習慣并為此感到不安。應當作出巨大努力告訴青年人抽煙的危害性，尤其是養成抽煙習慣的可怕後果。并且香煙價格應予提高。從長遠觀點看，毫無疑問，假如能完全嚴禁吸煙，那么每個人的境況將得到很大的改善。但對于采用這種極端措施，人們尚無準備。(2)Nuclearpower’sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysteryaboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbedetectedbyhumansenses.Itcan’tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexample,radiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan’tdetectthem,sensethem,withoutaradioreceiver.Similarly,wecan’tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector.Butunlikecommonradiowaves,nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingoutrightbykillingmassesofcellsinvitalorgans.Buteventhelowestlevelscandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemanynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehit,andiftheyarekilledoutright.Yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeinadeformedway.Theycangrowintocancer.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears.Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation.Seriousdamagecanbedonewithoutthevictimbeingawareatthetimethatdamagehasoccurred.Apersoncanbeirradiatedandfeelfine,thendieofcancerfive,ten,ortwentyyearslaterasaresult.Orachildcanbebornweakorliabletoseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbedbyitsgrandparents.Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.(2)核能對健康、安全甚至對生命自身構成的危險可以用一種詞來概括：輻射。核輻射這種現象多少有點神秘，其部分原因是人類的官能無法察覺到它的存在。盡管我們周圍也許都是輻射線，可是我們看不風它，聽不到它，摸不著它，也辨別不出它的味道。尚有某些和它相類似的東西。例如，我們四面到處都是無線電波，但假如沒有無線電接受器，我們就不能探測到或感覺到它的存在。同樣，假如不用輻射探測器，我們也不能感覺到放射現象。但核輻射不一樣于一般的無線電波，它對人類以及其他生物不是無害的。能級非常高的輻射線能摧毀重要器官裏的大量細胞從而把動物或人立即殺死。雖然是最低能級的輻射線也能導致嚴重的損害。不存在任何絕對安全的輻射能級。假如輻射線沒有擊中任何重要的東西，導致的損害也許不太大。當輻射線只擊中少數細胞并且立即摧毀它們的時候，狀況就是這樣。你的身體能以健康的細胞替代死亡的細胞。但假如這些少數的細胞只受到損壞，而這些細胞又自行繁殖，那你就會碰到麻煩。它們進行畸形繁殖。它們有也許演變成癌，這種狀況有時在許數年之後才能顯示出來。這是核輻射現象帶有某些神秘色彩的另一種原因。它也許在損害已經發生而受害者意識不到的狀況下導致嚴重損害。一種人在受到照射時也許感覺良好，成果在五年、拾年或二拾年後死于癌癥?；蛘咝『吷聛砭腕w弱或易于感染嚴重的疾病，原因是他的祖父母曾吸取過輻射線。輻射線能傷害我們。我們應當懂得真相。四.1984年考研英語翻譯真題及答案解析TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)充足運用自然資源來為人類造福的愿望總有一天會實現。1.Thewishoffullyutilizingthenaturalresourcesforthebenefitofmankindwilleventuallycometrue.2.據我所知，到目前為止，這是他們所能想到的最佳方案。2.Tomyknowledge,thisisthebestprogramtheycanconceiveofsofar.3.伴隨科學與技術的普及，電子計算機已越來越廣泛地在各個領域中得到應用。3.Withthepopularizationofscienceandtechnology,computerhasfoundanincreasinglywideapplicationinallfields.4.通過深入的調查研究，他們終于獲得了大量的第一手資料。4.Throughandintensiveinvestigationtheyhavefinallyobtainedabundantfirst-handinformation.5.在我們的工作中失敗是常事，但我們絕不能因此而灰心喪氣。5.Inourworkit'snothingunusualtobeconfrontedwithfailuresbutweshouldinnowaybediscouragedonthataccount.SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation(1)Electricityissuchapartofoureverydaylivesandsomuchtakenforgrantednowadaysthatwerarelythinktwicewhenweswitchonthelightorturnontheradio.Atnight,roadsarebrightlylit,enablingpeopleandtraffictomovefreely.Neonlightingusedinadvertisinghasbecomepartofthecharacterofeverymoderncity.Inthehome,manylabour-savingdevicesarepoweredbyelectricity.(2)Evenwhenweturnoffthebedsidelampandarefatasleep,electricityisworkingforus,drivingourrefrigerators,heatingourwater,orkeepingourroomsair-conditioned.Everyday,trains,trolley-buses,andtramstakeustoandfromwork.(3)Werarelybothertoconsiderwhyorhowtheyrununtilsomethinggoeswrong.OnesummersomethingdidgowrongwiththepowerplantthatprovidesNewYorkwithelectricity.Foragreatmanyhours,lifecamealmosttoastandstill.Trainsrefusedtomoveandthepeopleinthemsatinthedark,powerlesstodoanything;(4)liftsstoppedworking,sothatevenifyouwereluckyenoughnottobetrappedbetweentwofloors,youhadtheunpleasanttaskoffindingyourwaydownhundredsofflightsofstairs.FamousstreetslikeBroadwayandFifthAvenueinaninstantbecameasgloomyanduninvitingasthemostremotebackstreets.(5)Peoplewereafraidtoleavetheirhouses,foralthoughthepolicehadbeenorderedtostandbyincaseofemergency,theywerejustasconfusedandhelplessasanybodyelse.Meanwhile,similardisorderprevailedinthehome.NewYorkcanbestiflinginthesummerandthisyearwasnoexception.Cool,air-conditionedapartmentsbecamefurnaces.Foodwentbadinrefrigerators.Cakesandjointsofmeatremaineduncookedincoolingovens.(6)PeoplesatimpatientandfrightenedinthedarkasifanunseenenemyhadlandedfromMars.(7)Oneofthestrangethingsthatoccurredduringthepower-cutwasthatsomefiftyblindpeopleleadmanysightedworkershome.(8)Whenthelightscameonagain,hardlyapersoninthecitycanhaveturnedonaswitchwithoutreflectinghowgreataservanthehadathisfingertips.(1)1.電在我們的平常生活中所占的地位是這樣的重要，并且目前人們還認為有電是完全理所當然的事，因此我們在開電燈或開收音機時就很少會再去想一想電是怎么來的。2.雖然在我們關掉了床頭燈深深地進入睡鄉時，電也在為我們工作，它幫我們開動冰箱，幫我們燒水或使我們房間裏的空調機保持運轉。3.在車輛出毛病之前，我們就不會去費腦筋想一下它們為何會開動或怎樣開動。4.電梯停了，因此雖然你幸而沒有被困在兩個樓層的中間，你也得去完畢一項不快樂的任務：即摸黑往下走幾百級樓梯。5.盡管警察都已接到命令，要作好準備以應付緊急狀況，但人們還是不敢出門，由于警察也同其他任何人同樣感到不知所措和無能為力。6.人們焦急不安、驚惶失措地坐在黑暗中，好象有一名來自火星的看不見的敵人已登上了地球。7.停電期間所發生的事件中有過這樣一件怪事：大概有五拾名盲人給許多有視力的職工帶路，把他們送回家。8.當電燈再亮時，城裏的人在撳電燈開關之前，幾乎沒有一種人不仔細想一想，他隨時都能有一種多么能干的個人來為他服務啊。(2)Amineralisamaterialthatismined,notgrown.(9)Inotherwordsmineralsubstanceswhicharefoundontheearthmustbeextractedbydigging,boringholes,artificialexplosions,orsimilaroperationswhichmakethemavailabletous.Someminerals,forexamplecoalandoil,wereoriginallylivingsubstances;others,likeiron,neverhadlife.(10)Coalandoilaretheremainsofplantsandanimals.Crudemineraloresandcrudeoilmustbepurifiedbeforetheycanbeused.(11)Astageinhumancivilizationisoftencalledbythenameofthesubstancemainlyusedatthatstage:theStoneAge,theIronAge,andsoon.Thelevelofcivilizationreachedbyasocietydependsonthematerialsitcanuse,notonlyonthosewhichareavailable.(12)Thecapacitytousearawmaterialdependsonvariousfactors,suchasmeansofaccess,methodsofextraction,andtechniquesofprocessing.Inordertobepurified,orcombinedintoalloys,metalsmustbemelted.Forthispurposetheymustbeplacedincontainerswhichcanbeheatedtoenormoustemperatures.Thesecontainersorenclosedspacesarecalledfurnaces.(13)Plantswhichrefinecrudeoresareoftenlocatedincountriesotherthanthoseinwhichthecrudeoresaremined.Althoughmuchwasknownpreviouslyaboutthechemicalpropertiesofaluminumandtheirapplicationtopracticaluses,(14)itwasnotuntilsixtyyearsagothatamethodofextractingaluminumorewasfoundwhichcouldleadtoacheaplarge-scaleprocess.(15)Inthepastfewdecadesmenbehavedasiftheirsuppliesofmineralswereinexhaustible.(16)Butnowitisrealizedthatsuppliesofsomeofthemarelimited,anditisevenpossibletogiveareasonableestimateoftheir"expectationoflife,"thetimeitwilltaketoexhaustallknownsourcesandreservesofthesematerials.Butinthecaseofmineralsitisespeciallydifficulttogiveareliableestimateofreservesbecausesurveyshavenotbeencompletedanditisnotcertainthatallsourcesareknown.Uraniumprovidesagoodexampleofthisfact.SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation(20points)(2)9.換言之，礦物就是存在于地球上的并且必須通過挖掘、鉆孔、人工爆炸或類似作業才能獲得的物質。10.煤和油是植物和動物的殘體。原礦石和原油必須加以精煉才能使用。11.人類文明的各個時期一般是根據從們在各個時期所重要使用的物質名稱而命名的，例如石器時代、鐵器時代，等等。12.使用原料的能力大小取決于多種原因，例如，獲取原料的手段、開采措施和加工技術。13.提煉原礦石的廠房設備一般不是設在開采原礦石的國家而是設在其他國家。14.直到六拾年前人們才發現一種開采鋁礦石的措施，從而有也許從中得出一種成本低廉、大規模提煉的煉鋁法。15.在過去的幾拾年間，人們看待礦物的態度是：仿佛他們可以永遠不停地得到礦物供應。16.可是目前他們認識到，其中有些礦物的蘊藏是很有限的，他們甚至還是可較合理地估計出這些礦石“可望存在多少年”，也就是說，通過多少時間之後，這些礦物的所有書籍礦源和蘊藏量將被耗盡。五.1985年考研英語翻譯真題及答案解析TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)1.這項計劃和本來的計劃比起來，要完整得多。1.Comparedwiththeoriginalone,thisplanisfarmorecomplete.2.只有這樣我們才能趕上世界的先進科學技術水平。2.Onlyinthiswaycanwecatchupwiththeworld'sadvancedlevelsinscienceandtechnology.3.你對下一步該做些什么，清晰了嗎?3.Areyouclearaboutwhatyoushoulddonext?4.在舊中國，幾乎沒有什么機器制造工業，更不用說電子工業了。4.InoldChina,therewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustry,tosaynothingofanelectronicindustry.5.他在這次旅行中的所見所聞給他留下了深刻的印象。5.Whathesawandheardonhistripgavehimaverydeepimpression.Chooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassages.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)(1)Televisionisnowplayingaveryimportantpartinourlife.Buttelevision,likeotherthings,hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Dotheformeroutweighthelatter?Inthefirstplace,televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalsoacomparativelycheapone.(1)Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.(2)Theydonothavetopayforexpensiveseatsatthetheatre,thecinema,ortheopera,onlytodiscover,perhaps,thattheshowisdisappointing.(3)Alltheyhavetodoispressabutton,andtheycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionpoliticaldiscussionsandthelatestexcitingfootballmatch.(4)Somepeople,however,maintainthatthisispreciselywherethedangerlies.Thetelevisionviewertakesnoinitiative.Hemakesnochoiceandexercisesnojudgment.(5)Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverythingpresentedtohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart.(6)Television,itisoftensaid,keepsoneinformedaboutcurrentevents,allowsonetofollowthelatestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics,andoffersandendlessseriesofprogramswhicharebothinstructiveandentertaining.Themostdistantcountriesandthestrangestcustomarebroughtrightintoone'ssitting-room.(7)Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisservicejustaswell;butontelevisioneverythingismuchmoreliving,muchmorereal.Yethereagainthereadanger.Wegetsousedtolookingatit,sodependentonitsflickeringpictures,thatitbeginstodominateourl