必修三Unit3

Theworldofscience(4)

高一年級(jí)英語DevelopingideasFRANKLIN’SEXPERIMENT:HowMuchIsTrue?

LearningobjectivestolistthemainideaandthebasicstructureofanessaytotellthespecificinformationaboutFranklin’sexperimenttoexpressargumentsbylistingsupportingdetailsorgivingexamplestovoiceopiniononiffictionorfactmattersinacceptedideas

Lookatthepicture.Whoishe?HeisBenjaminFranklin.LeadinReadtheshortintroductiontoBenjaminFranklin.

BenjaminFranklin(1706—1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesandhelpeddrafttheDeclarationofIndependence.Apartfrombeingasuccessfulstatesman,hewasalsowellknownasaleadingAmericanauthor,printerandpublisher,successfuldiplomat,creativescientistandinventor.LeadinWhatelsedoyouknowabouthimasacreativescientist?LeadinGettoknowmoreabouthimasacreativescientist.thelightningrod避雷針bifocals雙目眼鏡theFranklinstoveglassharmonica玻璃琴LeadinLeadinWhatdoesthispicturepresenttous?Franklin’skiteexperimentDoyouthinkFranklin’skiteexperimentistrue?Franklin’skiteexperimentLeadinCan

you

identifythewritingtypeof

this

article?LeadinessayCan

you

predict

the

main

topic

of

this

article?LeadinCan

you

predict

the

main

topic

of

this

article?LeadinLearningtolearnAnessaytitleoftencontainsanexplicitorimplicitquestionwhichyouressayshouldfocusonanswering.Forexample,thetitle“Franklin’sExperiment:HowMuchIsTrue?”makesitclearwhatquestionisbeingansweredwithintheessay.Can

you

predict

the

main

topic

of

this

article?HowmuchistrueaboutFranklin’sexperiment?LeadinReadforprediction.Readthepassagequicklyandchecktheprediction.HowmuchistrueaboutFranklin’sexperiment?Readfortopic.Read

the

article

again

and

sum

up

the

main

topic

of

each

paragraph.

Try

to

figure

out

thebasicconnectionbetweeneachparagraph.Read

the

article

again

and

sum

up

the

main

topic

of

each

paragraph.

Tip:Atopicsentenceisasentencethatstatesorsuggeststhemainideaortopicofaparagraph.Often,atopicsentencecomesatthebeginningofaparagraph;sometimes,itappearsinthemiddleorattheend.Readfortopic.Para.1However,newresearchsuggeststhatthestorymaybefictioninsteadoffact.Readfortopic.Para.2HowFranklin’sexperimentiscarriedout.Para.3Formanyyears,schoolshavetaughtthestoryofFranklin’slightningexperiment.Para.4However,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.Para.5

Scientistsoftenquestionacceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.Readfortopic.Para.6

Butinscience,factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch,andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory.Readfortopic.Para.1However,newresearchsuggeststhatthestorymaybefictioninsteadoffact.Readforconnection.Para.2HowFranklin’sexperimentiscarriedout.Para.3Formanyyears,schoolshavetaughtthestoryofFranklin’slightningexperiment.Para.4However,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.Para.5

Scientistsoftenquestionacceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.Readforconnection.Para.6

Butinscience,factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch,andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory.Readforconnection.Readforconnection.Para.1raisethequestionPara.2explainthestoryPara.6conclusionPara.3influenceofthestoryPara.5whyquestionPara.4whattoquestionRead

para.

1tofind:Q1.What

does

the

sentence

“the

story

may

be

fiction

instead

of

fact.”

convey?

Q2.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?Readfordetails.BenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperimentwithlightninghasintroducedgenerationsofchildrentoscience.However,newresearchsuggeststhatthestorymaybefictioninsteadoffact.(para.1)Read

para.

2—5tofind:Q2.WhatdidFranklin’sexperimentaimtoprove?Q1.How

was

the

fly

experiment

carried

out?

Q3.What

are

schoolchildrenamazedby

Franklin’s

story?

Q4.WhatdothescientistsdoubtaboutFranklin’sexperiment?Readfordetails.Read

para.

2—5tofind:Q7.WhatarethesimilaritiesbetweenthestoryofFranklin’sexperimentandthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’shead?Q6.WhydoestheauthormentionNewton’sexperiment?Q5.Whydothescientistsquestionacceptedideas?Readfordetails.Heraisedthekitewithapieceofstringtiedtoit.Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.Aflashoflightninghitthekite,andelectricitywasconductedthroughthestringtothekey.Franklinthentouchedthekeywithhisfingerandgotanelectricshock.(para.2)Q1.Thewell-knownstoryisthattheAmericanFoundingFatherandscientistflewakiteduringastormin1752.Atthattime,therewasmuchinterestinelectricity.Peoplewantedtoknowiflightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityorsomethingelse.…This,hesaid,provedthatlightningwasaformofelectricity.(para.2)Q2.Morethanonegenerationofschoolchildrenhasbeenamazedbyhisbraveryandhisscientificapproachtolookingforthetruth.Franklin,alongwithmanyotherscientists,hasinspiredusandtaughtusthatscientificexperimentsareimportantinordertoestablishthetruthandtocontributetowardslaterscientificdiscoveriesandinventions.(para.3)Q3.AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin’sexperimenttookplace,morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.Thedetailaboutthestringandthekeyistrue.ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.(para.4)Q4.Scientistsoftenquestionacceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.(para.5)Q5.SomehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadandledhimtocomeupwithhistheoryofgravity.Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.(para.5)Q6.AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin’sexperimenttookplace,morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.Thedetailaboutthestringandthekeyistrue.ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.(para.4)Q7.SomehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadandledhimtocomeupwithhistheoryofgravity.Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.(para.4)Q7.TrueFranklin’sexperimentindeedtookplace.ThedetailaboutthestringandthekeyNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple.ThestoryofFranklin’sexperimentThestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadNottrueWhatreallyhappened.Franklinhadactuallytouchedthekey.TheapplefellonNewton’shead.ThestoryofFranklin’sexperimentThestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadRead

para.

6tofind:

Q2.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsFranklin’sexperiment?Q1.What

are

people

inspired

by

Franklin’s

story?Readfordetails.Admittedly,fictionisoftenmoreinterestingthanthetruth.PeoplehavebeenmoreinspiredbyFranklin’sspiritofscientificexplorationthanbythefactsthemselves.(para.6)Q1.Butinscience,factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch,andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory.(para.6)Q2.Readforstructure.Para.1raisethequestionPara.2explainthestoryPara.6conclusionPara.3influenceofthestoryPara.5whyquestionPara.4whattoquestionIntroductionConclusionMainbodyRead

for

attitude.

T1.Numberthestatementstoshowhowpeople’sattitudestowardsFranklin’sexperimenthavechanged.Franklin’sspiritofscientificexplorationisstillconsideredaninspiration.PeopleareamazedatandinspiredbyFranklin’sexperiment.ScientistsquestionwhatreallyhappenedinFranklin’sexperiment.312Para.1raisethequestionPara.2explainthestoryPara.6conclusionPara.3influenceofthestoryPara.5whyquestionPara.4whattoquestionT2.Retelltheessayaccordingtothestructure.ApplicationT3.Workingroups.Explainyourunderstandingofthesaying“seeingisbelieving”,andthengiveatalkaboutit.Youmayuseinformationinthepassageasexamples.

.Application1.Makenotesaboutyourunderstandingofthesayingandlistsupportingdetails.Weshouldn’tbelievewhatwedon’tsee.Some

scientists

question

Franklin

has

actuallytouchedthe

key.

If

he

had

actually

touched

the

key,

he

would

have

died

from

the

electric

shock.YourunderstandingSupportingdetails2.Organizeyourtalkfollowingthestepsbelow.Startyourtalkbyexplaininghowyouunderstandthissaying.Explainwhyyouthinkthisway.Usethenotesyouhavemadetosupportyourideas.Endyourtalkbysummarizingyourpoints.3.Giveyourtalktoclass.UsefulexpressionsFirstly,…Secondly,…Thirdly,…Inmyopinion,…/Frommyperspective,…Thereasonwhy…isthat…Inaword,…/Inshort,…/Tosumup,…Thinkandshare.1.DoyouthinkitmattersthatFranklin’sexperimentmightnotbetrue?2.Whatisyouropinionaboutthestatement“…weshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory”?3.