同等學力英語真題Part1OralCommunication(l0points)SectionADirections:InthissectiontherearetwoincompletedialoguesandeachdialoguehasthreeblanksandthreechoicesA,BandC,takenfromthedialogue.FillineachoftheblankswithoneofthechoicestocompletethedialogueandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.DialogueOneA.Areyoukidding?B.I’llgoovertothegymtoo.C.Iwanttodosomerunning.Steve:I’mgoingovertothegym,1Joseph:Whydon’tyourunoutside?Steve:2Doyouknowhowcolditistoday?Joseph:Yeah,Isuppose.Iguessitisn’thealthytoruninthisweather.Steve:No,it’snot.Notatall.I’dprobablyfreezemylungs.Joseph;Waitaminute.3Steve:You?Joseph:Yes,whynot?Justletmegetmygymclothestogether.DialogueTwoA.Well,I’mnotreallyinterestedingoingthere.B.HowaboutgoingtoanIndianrestaurant?C.Uh,here’ssomethinginteresting.Man:So,whatdoyouwanttodotomorrow?Woman:Well,let’slookatthiscityguidehere.4Whydon’twefirstvisittheartmuseuminthemorning?Man:Okay,Ilikethatidea,andwheredoyouwanttoeatlunch?Woman:5Theguiderecommendsonedowntownafewblocksfromthemuseum.Man:Thatsoundsgreat.Afterthat,whatdoyouthinkaboutvisitingthezoo?Well,itsaysherethattherearesomeveryuniqueanimalsnotfoundanywhereelse.Woman:6Whydon’twetakethesubwaydowntotheseashoreandwalkalongthebeach?Man:Thatsoundslikeawonderfulplan.SectionBDirections:InthissectionthereisoneincompleteinterviewwhichhasfourblanksandfourchoicesA,B,CandD,takenfromtheinterview.FillineachoftheblankswithoneofthechoicestocompletetheinterviewandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.A.Anyway,theremustbesomesolution.B.Buttheydon’thaveanythingnow.C.Haveyoutriedsomepart-timejoboncampus?D.Youdon’thavetotellmethat.Natasha:Ineedtogetajob,orIwon’tbeabletostayherenextsemester.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Eric:7Natasha:Whatdoyoumean?Eric:Imeaninthelibrary,orinsomeinformationcenter.Oftentheuniversityhaspart-timepositionsforforeignstudents.Natasha:Yes,Iknow.Itriedthat.8.Eric:Well,it’sreallyhardsinceyou’reaforeignstudent.It’sactuallyillegalforyoutoworkinAmerica.Natasha:9IknowIhavetherighttoworkfortheuniversity.That’slegal.Buttheydon’thaveajob.Andit’sillegalformetoworkelsewhere.Eric:10YouknowtherearemanypeopleworkingillegallyinNewYork.Natasha:ButIneedaprettydecentjob.Ineedtomakeenoughtopaymyrentatleast.PartIIVocabulary(10points)Directions:Inthisparttherearetensentences,eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.ChoosetheonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.11.Therewillbeaten-minuteintervalhalfwaythroughtheperformance.A.periodB.timeC.lengthD.break12.MostofEgypt’sinhabitantsliveintheNilevalleyanddelta,withtherestofthecountrysparselypopulated.A.randomlyB.thinlyC.denselyD.evenly13.Thehotelownerwasauthorizedtosellalcoholicdrinksinhishotel.A.inclinedB.preparedC.requiredD.licensed14.Yourlawyer’spresenceinthecourtroomiscriticalsincehemaypreventyoufrombeingmisdirected.A.impressiveB.wonderfulC.favorableD.crucial15.Somebooksarenotforyoutoleafthrough,butforyoutothinkthrough.A.browseB.appreciateC.recommendD.debate16.IwasdeniedaccesstomyaccountafterItypedinthewrongpasswordthreetimesinarow.A.abandonedB.delayedC.warnedD.refused17.Lotsofpeoplemakelong-distancecommutingtoworkdailyinbigcities.A.contactB.discussionC.travelD.call18.GuestsatFourSeasonsHotelscanenjoydeliciousmealsservedonfinechina.A.delicateB.specialC.shiningD.desirable19.Theenergyvalueofdriedfruitsisconsiderablyinexcessofthatoffreshitems.A.shortofB.equaltoC.morethanD.differentfrom20.Whendisasterslikethishappen,wesetasidewhateverprettydisagreementswemayhave.A.discussB.remainC.revealD.dismissPartIIIReadingComprehension(25points)SectionADirections:Inthissection,therearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneItsoundslikesomethingstraightoutofasciencefictionmovieorasillycartoon:afuturistictravelingtubethatcanquicklyshootpeoplewherevertheywanttogo,insideatinypod.Butthismaybejustaroundthecornerforpeoplelookingforafaster,easier,andcheaper-than-everwaytotravel.SouthAfrican-AmericaninventorandbillionaireElonMusk,who,inthepast,hasworkedonbothprivatespaceflightandelectriccars,recentlyannouncedhehasbeenworkingonthedesignofthistravelingtube,whichcouldforeverchangethewaywetraveltheworld.Inaninterview,Muskdescribedthenewtubeasafifthkindoftransportation.“Wehaveplanes,trains,automobiles,andboats,”heexplained.“Whatiftherewasafifthmode?Ihaveanameforit.It’scalledtheHyperloop.”“ThissystemIhaveinmind...cannevercrash,isimmunetoweather,itgoesthreeorfourtimesfasterthanthebullettrain...itgoesatanaveragespeedoftwicewhatanaircraftwoulddo.Youwouldgofromdowntown.L.A.todowntownSanFranciscoinunder30minutes.”PeopleusingtheHyperloopwouldshootaroundinpods,whichareeachjustoversix-and-a-halffeetacross,andthepodswouldtravelthroughtubeslocatedeitheraboveroundorunderwater.TheHyperloopcouldevenrun24/7,becheap,andallowpeopletotravelontheirownschedule.PeoplecouldshowupattheHyperloopstationwhenevertheywantandbequicklysentontheirway.AdditionallyMuskbelievestheHyperloopcouldbecompletelypoweredbythesun—makingitmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythancars,airplanes,ortrainsystems.SomedayitcouldpossiblymovepeoplebetweentheEastandWestCoastsoftheUnitedStatesinlessthananhour.EventuallytheHyperloopwouldbeabletomovepeoplearoundtheworld.Muskisnotthefirstpersonoutsideofsciencefictionnoveliststodreamupvacuumtubetechnologyformovingpeople.Theideahasbeenaroundforsometime,andinventorsinothercountries,includingChina,arereportedlyworkingonsimilartechnology.21.Thephrase“justaroundthecorner”(Para.1)means“”A.preferableB.forthcomingC.reliableD.available22.The“pod”mentionedinthepassageisa(n).A.tube-shapedmusicplayerB.wirelessearphoneC.enginethatprovidesadrivingforceD.vehiclethatcarriespassengers23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofElonMusk?A.Hedrawsinsightsfromsciencefictions.B.Hehastriedhishandatspaceflight.C.Hehasmanufacturedelectriccars.D.Hecaresforenvironmentalprotection.24.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheHyperloop?A.Itcouldbedevelopedatalowcost.B.Itwouldremindpeopleoftheirschedule.C.Itcouldoperateroundtheclock.D.Itwouldrunatregularintervals.25.Chinaismentionedinthelastparagraphinorderto.A.demonstratethatitisaninnovativecountryB.giveanexampleofthoseworkingonsimilartechnologyC.showasuccessfulmodelofvacuumtubetravelingD.indicateapotentialforinternationalcooperationPassageTwoHowareyoufeelingtoday?I’vegotafewachesandpains,butnothingserious.However,whenthingsbecomemorecritical,Iwouldnormallybookmyselfanappointmentwithmydoctor—althoughbythetimeIgettoseehim,theproblemwillhaveprobablygoneaway.That’sbecauseintheUKatleast,weusuallyhavetowaitafewdaysbeforethedoctorcallfitusin.Luckilytoday,technologyhascometoourrescue.Therearethousandsofappsavailableonoursmartphonesthatcanofferfirstaidadviceandallowustoself-diagnoseoursickness—rangingfromasimplecoldorflutosomeexoticdisease.Andtogetherwiththeinternet,wehaveanoceanofmedicalinformationatourfingers.Butistoomuchknowledgeagoodthing?Byreadinguponanillness,wediscoveritsside-effectsandwhatcouldhappeninaworst-casesituation.Moreworryingisthatwegiveourselvesthewrongdiagnosis,andthenworryourselvessickthatwe’regoingtodie.Thishealthanxiety,fueledbytheinternet,iscalled“cyberchondria”.Itgivessufferersadeepfearofdiseasesand,accordingtoexperts,it’sontherise.ProfessorPeterTyrerfromImperialCollegeLondonsaid,“Wefindthatapproximatelyfouroutoffiveofourpatientswithhealthanxietyspendliterallyhoursontheinternet.Oneofthefirstthingswedointreatmentistotellthemtostopbrowsingtheinternet.”Astudyafewyearsagoalsofoundmanydoctorsfeltintimidatedbytheincreasingnumbersofweb-wisepatientsarrivinginsurgeries.Onedoctoradmittedtonotbeingveryhappyaboutpatientsusingtheinternet,saying:“TheyallseemedtocometomewiththingsI’dneverheardofandveryoftenwiththingswhichseemratherbizarreorinappropriate.”Ofcoursethereisnodoubt,theworldwidewebhasmostoftheinformationweneedtodiagnoseoursymptoms,butDoctorTyrerpointsout,“itdoesn’thaveanyjudgmentassociatedwithit.”Thisiswhyhavingaconsultationwithadoctorface-to-facestillhasitsbenefits.Itwouldseemthenthatavirtualonlinedoctorcanprescribeadoseofusefuladvice,buttechnologyhasn’treplacedthehumanmedicalexpertjustyet.26.WhatdoestheauthortrytoemphasizeinParagraph1?A.Thelowefficiencyofthehealthcaresystem.B.Thetipsformakingappointmentswithdoctors.C.Thetreatmentforcommonhealthproblems.D.Thecriticalchallengesforgeneralhospitals.27.Cyberchondria(Para3)canbedefinedasA.overdependenceontheinternetformedicaladviceB.toomuchknowledgeabouthealthproblemsC.healthconcernscausedbyonlineinformationD.incorrectdiagnosisbasedonwebknowledge28.Accordingtothedoctors,cyberchondriaA.canbepreventedB.isnotunusualC.ishardtopredictD.maynotlastlong29.Howdodoctorsingeneralfeelaboutweb-wisepatients?A.Theyaresurprisedatpatients’wiseuseofonlineinformation.B.Theyarefrightenedbypatients’blindtrustofinternetinformation.C.Theyaresatisfiedwithpatients’sufficientknowledgeaboutdiseases.D.Theyaretroubledbypatients’excessivesearchforhealthinformation.30.AccordingtoDoctorTyrer,whatistheproblemwithonlinemedicalinformation?A.Itisusuallynotsufficient.B.Itisnotalwaysaccurate.C.Itfailstogivejudgment.D.Itprovidestoomuchinformation.PassageThreeManyofthemajorsupermarketchainshavecomeunderfirewithaccusationsofvariousunethicalactsoverthepastdecade.They’vewastedtonsoffood.They’veunderpaidtheirsuppliersandthey’vecontributedtoexcessiveplasticwasteintheirpackaging,whichhashaditsimpactonourenvironment.Butsupermarketsandgrocersarestartingtositupandtakenotice.Inresponsetogrowingconsumerresentmentagainstthehugeamountsofplasticwastegeneratedbyplasticpackaging,someofthe1argstUKsupermarketshavesigneduptoapactpromisingtotransformpackagingandcutplasticwastage.Inapledgetoreuse,recycle,orconvertallplasticwastageby2025,supermarketsarenowbeginningtotakesomeresponsibilityfortheparttheyplayincontributingtothedamagetoourenvironment,withonemajorsupermarketannouncingtheirplantoeliminateallplasticpackagingintheirown-brandproductsby.Inresponsetocriticismsoverfoodwaste,somesupermarketsaredonatingsomeoftheirfoodsurplus.However,charitiesestimatethattheyareonlyaccessingtwopercentofsupermarkets’totalfoodsurplus,sothishardlyseemstobesolvingtheproblem.Somesaythatsupermarketsaresimplynotdoingenough.Mostsupermarketsoperateunderaveilofsecrecywhenaskedforexactfiguresoffoodwastage,andwithoutmoretransparencyitishardtocomeupwithasystematicapproachtoavoidingwasteandtoredistributingsurplusfood.Somesmallercompaniesarenowtakingmattersintotheirownhandsandofferingconsumersagreeneroption.ShopslikeBerlin’sOriginalUnverpaktandLondon’sBulkMarketareplastic-freeshopsthathaveopenedinrecentyears,encouragingcustomerstousetheirowncontainersorconvertiblebags.OnlinegrocerFarmdropeliminatestheneedforlargewarehousesandtheriskofhugefoodsurplusbydeliveringfreshproducefromlocalfarmerstoitscustomersonadailybasisviaelectriccars,offeringfarmersthelion’sshareoftheretailprice.Thereisnodoubtthatwestillhavealongwaytogoinreducingfoodwasteandplasticwaste.Butperhapsthemajorsupermarketsmighttakeinspirationfromthesesmallergrocersandgraduallymovetowardsamoresustainablefutureforusall.31.WhichisNOTmentionedasanunethicalactofmajorsupermarketchains?A.Wastinglargeamountsoffood.B.Producingexcessiveplasticwaste.C.Underpayingtheirsuppliers.D.Sellinggoodsofpoorquality.32.Theword“pact”(Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto“”,A.AgreementB.organizationC.CampaignD.program33.AccordingtoParagraph3,supermarkets’donationoftheirfoodsurplusA.receiveshighpraisesB.isconsideredasagoodcharityC.isregardedasnotdoingenoughD.arousesmorecriticisms34.FarmdropismentionedasanexamplethatprovidesA.plastic-freebagsandcontainersB.easieraccesstofreshproduceC.agreatvarietyofhealthyfoodsD.goodsatmorecompetitiveprices35.ItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatA.somebusinessesarereluctanttoreducetheirwasteB.majorsupermarketsrefusetodopublicgoodC.somesmallcompaniesbetterprotecttheenvironmentD.amoresustainablefutureforallissoontocomePassageFourWeallknowpeoplewhosaytheyhave“nosenseofdirection.”Yetforsomepeoplethatdescriptionistrueinallcircumstances:Iftheytakeasinglewrongturnonanestablishedroutetheyoftenbecometotallylost.Thishappensevenwhentheyarejustafewmilesfromwheretheylive.Thisconditioniscalleddevelopmentaltopographicdisorientation(DTD),theinabilitytoorientwithintheenvironment.Itdidn’tevenhaveaformalnameuntil,whenGiuseppeIariareportedhisfirstcaseinthejournalNeuropsychologia.EllenRosehadbeenapatientofmineyearsbeforeIrealizedthatshehadthislife-longlearningdisability.LikeotherpeoplewithDTD,shecanfollowarouteinpieces,butitneverbecomespartofalargerspatialunderstanding.That’sbecauseshedoesnothavealargerspatialunderstandingofherenvironment.Iaskedhertodrawadiagramofthesecondfloorofthehousesheshareswithherdaughterandson-in-law.Itwasadifficulttaskforher(shelivesonthefirstfloorbutisveryfamiliarwiththesecond).Shedescribedhereffortnotasabirdlookingdownfromabove,butasaspidercrawlingacrossthepapertracingaroutefromoneroomtotheother.Ellenhasalwayswonderedwhatwaswrongwithher.Sheknewthatwhenothersascribedherproblemstosimplynotpayingattentiontheyweremistaken.Sheworriedthatherproblemsintravelingmightbeasignofsomethingmoreseriousthanjustgettinglosteasily,butIhadnoideawhatthatmightbe.FindingoutthatshehadDTDwasarelief.Knowingthatsomethinghasanamecanbealiberatingexperience.Allofasuddenitisathing,aconceptwithdefiningcharacteristics.Itisinaway,akindofmap.36.WhatistherelationbetweenEllenandtheauthor?A.StudentandteacherB.SubjectandresearcherC.EmployeeandemployerD.Patientanddoctor37.ItcanbelearnedthatpeoplewithDTD.A.areunabletofindtheirpositioninanenvironmentB.finditdifficulttorememberwheretheyhavebeenC.disliketravelingtoafarawayplaceontheirownD.arecharacterizedbytheirinabilitytoconcentrate38.FromEllen’sdifficultyindrawingherownhouse,wecaninferthat.A.observingfromhighaboveismoreeffectivethanfromthebottomB.commonpeopletendtoperceiveaspacefromabird’seyeviewC.itisusefultogetfamiliarwithourlivingenvironmentD.peoplewithDTDhaveapoorsenseofvision39.HowdidEllenfeelaboutherDTD?A.Shehadaclearideawhatitwasandhowtodealwithit.B.Sheworriedthatshemightmisunderstandpeoplearoundher.C.Shethoughtshecouldimproveherconditionbypayingmoreattention.D.Shewasafraidthatitmightbringproblemsotherthandisorientation.40.Theword“map”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.cureB.designC.proposalD.clueSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youarerequiredtoreadonequotedblogandthecommentsonit.Theblogandcommentsarefollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.FacemasksareoneofthebestdefensesagainstthespreadofCOVID-19,buttheirgrowingadoptionishavingasecond,unintendedeffect:breakingfacialrecognitionalgorithms(算法).Wearingfacemasksthatadequatelycoverthemouthandnosecausestheerrorrateofsomeofthemostwidelyusedfacialrecognitionalgorithmstorisetobetween5percentand50percent,astudybytheUSNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)hasfound.Blackmasksweremorelikelytocauseerrorsthanbluemasks,andthemoreofthenosecoveredbythemask,theharderthealgorithmsfoundittoidentifytheface.“Weneedtounderstandhowfacerecognitiontechnologydealswithmaskedfaces,”saidtheauthorofthereportandNISTcomputerscientist.“Wehavebegunbyfocusingonhowanalgorithmdevelopedbeforethepandemic(大流行病)mightbeaffectedbysubjectswearingfacemasks.Laterthissummer,weplantotesttheaccuracyofalgorithmsthatwereintentionallydevelopedwithmaskedfacesinmind.”FacialrecognitionalgorithmssuchasthosetestedbyNISTworkbymeasuringthedistancesbetweenfeaturesinatarget’sface.Masksreducetheaccuracyofthesealgorithmsbyremovingmostofthesefeatures,althoughsomestillremain.ThisisslightlydifferentfromhowfacialrecognitionworksoniPhones,forexample,whichusedepthsensorsforextrasecurity,ensuringthatthealgorithmscan’tbefooledbyshowingthecameraapicture(adangerthatisnotpresentinthescenariosNISTisconcernedwith).Comment1Well,that’sonegoodthingtocomeoutofthepandemic.Masssurveillanceisnonsense.Timetopairmasksupwithsunglassestodeliverthedecisivestroke.Comment2“Wearingfacemasksthatadequatelycoverthemouthandnosecausestheerrorrateofsomeofthemostwidelyusedfacialrecognitionalgorithmstorisesharply.”Rubbishtechnology!Iwould’veneverguessed.Comment3There’sareasonwhysomecountryisalreadyusinggait(步態)analysis.Facialrecognitionistooeasytoblockortofool.Comment4Prettysoontheyaregoingtodo...analysis.WiththedevelopmentofAI,therewillbeawayout.Comment5TheAl’sgettingbetter,though,sosoonitwon’tmatter.JustlikehowyoucanpickoutarelativeorclosefriendeveninbadCCTVfootage,sotoocanAI.Yourheight,walkinggait,mannerisms,voice,ears,clothing,etc,alladduptoYOU.41.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThebestwaytodefendagainstCOVID-19.B.Effortstoimprovefacialrecognitiontechnology.C.Methodstofoolthefacialrecognitionsystem.D.Theimpactofmasksonfacialrecognitionaccuracy.42.TheNISTstudyfoundthatcomparedwithbluemasks,blackmasks.A.weremorewidelyusedbythepublicB.causedmoreerrorsinfacialrecognitionC.providedbetterprotectionagainstthevirusD.requiredlesscomplexalgorithms43.Comment1seemstobe.A.infavoroftherulesforwearingfacemasksB.infavorofthefacialrecognitiontechnologyC.againstthewideuseoffacialrecognitionD.againsttherequirementsforwearingfacemasks44.Whichcommentviewsthecurrentfacialrecognitiontechnologywithcontempt?A.Comment2.B.Comment3.C.Comment4.D.Comment5.45.Whichofthefollowingispositiveaboutthefuturetechnologicaladvance?A.Comment2andComment3.B.Comment1andComment4.C.Comment3andComment5.D.Comment4andComment5.PartIVCloze(10points)Directions:Inthispart,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestanswerforeachblankandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.TheEnglishcountrysidehasaclassicimage.Peopleimaginethatlifeinthecountryisslowandcalm;thattherearenotrafficjams,nopollution,andnocrime.Insomeplaces,thisistrue;butin46itisnot.Smalltownsandvillagesarebecomingmoreandmore47;peoplehavemorespaceandmosthouseshavegardens.Butproblemsare48.Lotsofpeoplewanttoliveinthecountryandworkinthecity;somoreandmorepeopletravel49distanceseachday,togotowork.Ofcoursetheydon’tusebusesortrains;theyusecars.Littlevillagesnowhavetrafficproblemsinthemorning,just50bigcities!Theproblemsareverycomplicated!Ifeveryonemovesintothecountry,thepeaceofthecountrysidewill51!Peopleleavecitiesandbigtowns,toescapefromurbanproblems;butmoreandmore,theyare52theirproblemswiththem.Onwarmsummerdays,andcoldwinterdays,airpollutioncanbeabigprobleminlarge53ofthesouthofEngland,notjustinLondon.Perhapsthereis54forthefuture.SoonBritain’spopulationwillstoprising.Fromabouttheyear2030,itwillperhapsstarttofall.Inl00year’stime,therewillbelesspeopleinBritainthantoday—perhapstwomillionless.Nodoubttherewillbe55pollutiontoo;oilandpetrolwillprobablyberarebythen.A.otherA.famousB.theothersB.beautifulC.othersC.secureD.anotherD.popular48.A.decliningB.growingC.solvedD.involved49.A.farB.shortC.remoteD.long50.A.likeB.asC.forD.to51.A.ariseB.emergeC.continueD.disappear52.A.developingB.bringingC.causingD.creating53.A.partsB.placesC.citiesD.blocks54.A.fearB.planC.hopeD.visio