絕密★啟用前金華十校2025年4月高三模擬考試英語學(xué)科試題卷2025年4月注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Content. B.Disturbed. C.Stressed.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Theexamsareover.IhavegainedaplaceatuniversityandI'mgoingonholidaytomorrow.Lifeisgood.M:I’mdisturbedbyhowmuchgoodluckyouarehavinglately.W:TheharderIwork,themoreluckIseemtohave.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atschool. B.Inaforest. C.Atanewsagency.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Jane,IwantyoutowriteathousandwordsontheCanadianwildfires.Ineedthestoryhereonmydeskinanhour.W:I’llgetrightonit.Ibelievethefireshavedestroyedmanyforestsandhomes.M:It’sterrible.Ourreadersneedtoknowaboutit.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends. B.Husbandandwife. C.Employerandemployee.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Wherewereyou?Youdidn’tcomeonFridaynight.M:Ohno,Iforgotaboutthepartyonfridayevening,butIevendroppedoffagiftatyourhouseyesterdayonyourbirthday.W:Ididn’tseeit,butthankyouanyway.Weallmissedyouonfriday.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutchopsticks?A.Theirusefulness. B.Theirappearance. C.Theirconvenience.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Chopsticksarehardtouse.Pickingupriceissodifficult.W:Practicemakesperfect.Somedayyou’llknowhowusefultheyare.M:It’shardtosay,butIdoliketheirbeautifulpatterns.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Cancelanappointment. B.Bookarepairservice. C.Postponeaschedule.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:HomeServiceCentral,howcanIhelpyoutoday?M:Ihaveawindowrepairappointmentfortomorrowmorning,butI’dliketomoveittotheafternoon.W:Letmecheckonthatforyou.Pleasegivemeyourlastnameandaddress.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatisthemainpurposeofthespeakers’hike?A.Torefreshthemselves. B.Togetsomeexercise. C.Toexplorealake.7.Howfardothespeakersstillhavetogotoreachthelake?A.4.5miles. B.6miles. C.7.5miles.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:I’mgladwedecidedtotakeabreakfromworkandhikeuptothelake.Herewecanfinallyhaveagoodrest.Howmuchfartherdoyouthinkitis?W:Let’ssee,thesignatthestartsaiditisninemilesintotaltothelake.We’vebeenwalkingforanhourandmywatchsayswe’reaveragingthreemilesperhour.M:Sowe’renotyethalfwaythere.W:Right.Weshouldarrivearoundmidday.M:Perfect.We’llhavelunchwhenwegetthereandhaveplentyoftimetoenjoytheview.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisananimallover. B.Sheneverspoilsherpet. C.Shekeepsabirdasapet.9.WhatisJoey?A.Abird. B.Acat. C.Adog.10.What'swrongwithKevin?A.Heissick. B.Heissad. C.Heisheavy.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Lookatthattinybird.Isn’titlovely?M:I’mafraidthatitjustlookslikeabirdtome.W:Doesn’titmakeyoufeelgoodjustknowingthatthereareallthesewildcreatureslivingintheworld?M:Iexpecttheirlifeisalittlebittougherthanyouthink.W:LookathislittlefeathersItthesamecolorasjoeyalmost.M:Joeyhasmoreofaredcolor.He’snotawildcreature,though.He’sthemostspoiledcatIknow.W:Weallspoilourpets.Lookatyourdog.Hehasbeengainingweightsinceyouadoptedhim.M:Yes,weneedtoputKevinonadiet.Ithinkhecanstillrunfasterthanmethough,andhe’salwayshappy.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】11.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Cookingdinner. B.Havingameal. C.Watchingashow.12.WhatisimportanttounderstandPekingOperaaccordingtothewoman?A.Understandingthepatternsoffacialmake-up.B.HavingabasicknowledgeoftheChineselanguage.C.Learningaboutthestoriesbehindthosehistoricalcharacters.13.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Gotohercompany. B.Catchabus. C.Bookataxi.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】【原文】M:Thesenoodlesaredelicious.Youchoseanexcellentplacetoeat.W:LadYoulikeit?Whatdidyouthinkoftheshowtonight?M:Itwasamazing.Thanksfortakingmetothetheatre.PekingOperaissointeresting.W:Didyouunderstandit?M:Notthelanguage,obviously,butthefacialmakeupofthecharactersgavemecluesaboutwhotheywereandwhattheywerelike.W:Thatisagoodpoint.ThekeytoappreciatingandunderstandingPekingOperaliesinunderstandingthepatternsoftheopera’sfacialmake-up.M:Ithoughtso.W:Eachofthehistoricalcharactersintheperformancehasitsownuniquefacialmake-updesign.Overtime,thesedesignshavebecomefamiliartoaudiences.M:Sotheycanseeatfirstglancewhoisgoodandwhoisbad?W:Exactly.M:Ithoughtthemaincharacterlookedlikethetaxidriverwhobroughtushere.W:Ah,thatremindsme.Wearetoolatetocatchabusorthesubway.Imustcallataxicompanynow.Sowecanhavearidehome.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14.Whatdoesthewomanaskabouttheman’stravel?A.Whohewillgowith. B.Whenheplanstoleave. C.Whyhewantstotakethetrip.15.Whendoesthemanplantoreturn?A.AtthebeginningofMarch. B.InthemiddleofMarch. C.AttheendofMarch.16.Whatdoesthemanaskhisneighbortotakecareof?A.Hisdog. B.Hiscar. C.Hishouse.17.Whatdoesthemando?A.Heisabankclerk. B.Heisanengineer. C.Heisafinancialadvisor.【答案】14.C15.C16.A17.B【解析】【原文】W:Soyou’reapplyingforab2Visa.Whatisyourfinaldestination?M:Minneapolis.W:Andwhat’sthepurposeofyourtriptotheUnitedStates?M:I’mgoingtovisitmybrother.Hiswifehasjusthadababy.W:Andhowlongdoyouplantostay?M:I’llbethereforaboutthreeweeks.See,Here’smyreturnticketforthetwentysixthofmarch.W:Andwhoissponsoringyourtrip?M:Mybrother.Here,thisisaninvitationletterfromhim.I’llstaywithhimandhisfamilyintheirhome.W:Alright,tellmeaboutthetiesyouhavetoyourhomecountry.M:Well,Iownahouse.I’mleavingmydogtherewithmyneighbors.IhaveacarathomeandIhavemyjob.I’memployedbyCornellasanengineer.Actually,Ionlyhaveathreeweeksvacation.W:Andwhatevidencedoyouhavethatyouarefinanciallyindependent?M:Well,Idohaveassetsinmycountry.AsIsaid,Iownahouse.Andhere’sabankstatementshowingmyinvestmentsandbankbalance.W:Okay,sir,youaregrantedab2Visa.Congratulations.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】18.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk?A.Whytotravelbytrain.B.Whattodoonalongtraintrip.C.Howtotakecareofyourselfonatrain.19.Whyisreadingmorepleasantonatrainthanonabus?A.Thesceneryismorebeautiful.B.Theseatsaremorecomfortable.C.Youarelesslikelytofeeldizzy.20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggesttravelersdotostayoccupiedonthetrain?A.Makephonecalls. B.Learnanewskill. C.Haveanonlinemeeting.【答案】18.B19.C20.B【解析】【原文】Travelingbytrainisfun,butlongjourneyscanleaveyouwonderingwhattodowithyourtime.Soherearesomeideastokeepyouoccupiedreadagoodbookagreatstorycanmakethehoursflybytraintraveldoesn’tmakeyoudizzylikecarsorbuses,soyoucanenjoyapleasantandquietreadingsession.Ifthat’snotyourthing,takeyourcameraormobilephonetotakesomepictures.Whetheryouwantpicturesofsceneryorpeople,photographyisafunthingtodo.Alongtrainrideisaperfectexcuseforacreativehobby.Youmayliketowrite,draworcomposemusic.Youcandoallthesethingsinthecomfortableseatofatrain.Anotherfunthingtodoislearnsomethingnew.Haveyoulongwantedtolearnalanguageorimproveyourdrawingskills?Nowisthechanceyoucouldalsofindoutmoreaboutyourdestination.Andofcourse,moviesandvideogamesareverypopularwithpeoplewhohavephonesorcomputers.Also,don’tforgetatrainisagoodplacetomeetnewpeopleandpossiblytoenjoyamealandacupofteaorcoffee.Plus,takecareofyourself.Byhavingawalkonalongjourney.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AAPosterContestEngagingpeopleinfiresafetyandpreventionfromanearlyageiscrucial,sotheStateFireMarshal’sOfficeisinvitingprimaryschoolstudentsacrossOhiotoparticipateinitsFireSafetyPosterContest.Thecontestisheldannuallytoengageyoungminds,emphasizingvariousissuesrelatedtofiresafetyeducation.Contestrules·Postersmustincludeafirepreventiontheme.·Postersmustdisplaypositivebehaviorstatementsofwhatstudentscandotopreventafireathome.·Postersmustonlybeon8.5×11-inchpaper.·Anycolorsmaybeused;however,awhiteorlight-coloredbackgroundispreferred.·Crayons,markers,pencilsandsimilartoolscanbeused.·Allartworkmustbeoriginal.Computer-generatedimagesandclippingsfrommagazinesandnewspaperswillnotbeaccepted.·Thepostersurfaceshouldremainflat.ContestproceduresElementaryschoolsacrossthestatemustturnovertheposterstotheirlocalfiredepartmentspriortotheSeptember30deadline,sothoseentriescanbedisplayedduringFirePreventionWeek(October6-12).Theneachofthelocaldepartmentsmustselecttwowinningposters—onefromeachgradecategory(grades1-3and4-6)andsubmitthemtotheStateFireMarshal'sOfficebyNovember15.Acommitteewillreviewallthesubmittedpostersandselectsixwinnersineachgradecategory.Winningentrieswillbeannouncednextspring.Additionalinformationonthecontestisavailableatcom.ohio.gov/SFMPosterContest.21Whyareprimaryschoolstudentsencouragedtojoininthecontest?A.Tostimulatetheircreativeminds.B.Todisplaytheirbrilliantartisticskills.C.Tolearnmoreaboutlocalfiredepartments.D.Toraisetheirawarenessoffiresafetyandprevention.22.Whichofthefollowingwillprobablyresultindisqualification?A.Drawingona8.5×11-inchpaper. B.UsingAItoolstogenerateimages.C.Centeringonafirepreventiontheme. D.Choosingadark-coloredbackground.23.Howmanywinningentrieswillbeannouncednextspring?A.2. B.4. C.6. D.12.【答案】21.D22.B23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了俄亥俄州消防局長辦公室舉辦的小學(xué)生消防安全海報(bào)比賽的相關(guān)信息，包括比賽目的、規(guī)則、流程等。【21題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Engagingpeopleinfiresafetyandpreventionfromanearlyageiscrucial,sotheStateFireMarshal’sOfficeisinvitingprimaryschoolstudentsacrossOhiotoparticipateinitsFireSafetyPosterContest.(從小就讓人們參與消防安全和預(yù)防至關(guān)重要，因此俄亥俄州消防局長辦公室邀請俄亥俄州各地的小學(xué)生參加其消防安全海報(bào)比賽。)”可知，俄亥俄州消防局長辦公室邀請小學(xué)生參加消防安全海報(bào)比賽是因?yàn)閺男∽屓藗儏⑴c消防安全和預(yù)防至關(guān)重要，由此可以推測出，鼓勵(lì)小學(xué)生參加比賽是為了提高他們的消防安全和預(yù)防意識。故選D項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Contestrules部分中“Allartworkmustbeoriginal.Computer-generatedimagesandclippingsfrommagazinesandnewspaperswillnotbeaccepted.(所有藝術(shù)作品必須是原創(chuàng)的。不接受計(jì)算機(jī)生成的圖像和雜志、報(bào)紙上的剪報(bào)。)”可知，不接受計(jì)算機(jī)生成的圖像，由此可知，使用人工智能工具生成圖像可能會導(dǎo)致取消資格。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Contestprocedures部分中“Theneachofthelocaldepartmentsmustselecttwowinningposters—onefromeachgradecategory(grades1-3and4-6)andsubmitthemtotheStateFireMarshal'sOfficebyNovember15.Acommitteewillreviewallthesubmittedpostersandselectsixwinnersineachgradecategory.Winningentrieswillbeannouncednextspring.(然后，每個(gè)地方部門必須從每個(gè)年級類別（1-3年級和4-6年級）中選出兩張獲獎(jiǎng)海報(bào)，并在11月15日前提交給州消防局長辦公室。委員會將審查所有提交的海報(bào)，并在每個(gè)年級類別中選出六名獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺＋@獎(jiǎng)作品將于明年春天公布。)”可知，每個(gè)地方部門必須從每個(gè)年級類別（1-3年級和4-6年級）中選出兩張獲獎(jiǎng)海報(bào)，然后委員會將在每個(gè)年級類別中選出六名獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撸悦髂甏禾鞂⑿?2個(gè)獲獎(jiǎng)作品。故選D項(xiàng)。BJaredwasmyregularhiking,ice-climbingandmountain-bikingfellow.Wewereonanovernighttrip,justasinglenight,andwhathe’dbroughtfordinnerwasthis:Rice.Literallynothingelse.Thiswasnotaresultofhimtryingtopackaslightaspossible,norwasitbecausehewasbroke.Hewasn’t.Itriedtoconvincehimtoatleastputsoysauce(醬油)onit.Butno,Jaredwasn’thavingabarofit.“Idon’tneedit,”hesaidflatly.Now,ifhewastalkingonlyaboutoutdoors’meals,I’dalmostgetit.Whenyou’reravenousafteradayofburningoffcalorieswalkingorclimbingorbackcountryskiinginthemountains,howawesomedothingstaste!Iknowwhatyou’rethinking;it’ssimplythat,asthesayinggoes,hungeristhebestsauce.AndIagree.Absolutely.Butthere’smoretoitthanthat.Lastmonth,Iwentdownthecoastcarcampingwithmyfamily.Onemorning,mywifemadeastatement.“Idon’tseethepoint,”shesaid.“It’ssomuchwork,camping.Buttheviewsathomearebetter.Thebedsaremorecomfortable.It’smorepeaceful.Andathome,thefoodisbetter.”I’lladmitshe’srightaboutthefirstthree.Butthefood?Wehadasimplepastaonenight,snagsanother,chickencurrythethird,buttheyalltastedgood.Betterthanathome.Anditwasn’tsimplythatwewerehungry;itwasbecausewewerecamping.TherealpointIwanttogettoisthatmealslargelytastesogoodwhenI’mcampingbecauseI’mremindedofsomethingseasilyforgottenathome,whereIcansimplygotothecupboard,orthesupermarket,andgetwhatevertakesmyfancy.Life,whenyou’recamping,isreducedtoitsessentials,andIamremindedofhowluckymostofusaretobedryandwarmandfed.Moreimportantly,Iamremindedthatsadly,andinfactunforgivably,notallofusare.AndIamremindedthatwe,asasociety,shoulddobetterforthem.24.WhydidJaredbringonlyricefordinneronthetrip?A.Hedidn’tlikesoysauce. B.Hepreferredtotravellight.C.Hecouldn’taffordabettermeal. D.Heenjoyedsimpleoutdoormeals.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ravenous”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Tired. B.Starving. C.Fulfilled. D.Refreshed.26.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcamping?A.Itisatestofadaptability. B.Itisachancetoenjoygoodfood.C.Itisareminderofthegoodlifehehas. D.Itisabondingexperienceforhisfamily.27.Whatmakestheauthorsadaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Somepeoplelackthebasicnecessitiesoflife.B.Somepeoplefailtoappreciatewhattheyhave.C.Peopleeasilyforgetthebeautyofsimplethings.D.Peopleeasilyquitcampingduetoitsdiscomfort.【答案】24.D25.B26.C27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過講述作者朋友旅行只帶米飯以及家人露營的經(jīng)歷，闡述了露營時(shí)食物美味的原因，還引發(fā)了對生活的思考。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thiswasnotaresultofhimtryingtopackaslightaspossible,norwasitbecausehewasbroke.

Hewasn’t.Itriedtoconvincehimtoatleastputsoysauceonit.Butno,Jaredwasn’thavingabarofit.‘Idon’tneedit,’hesaidflatly.(這并不是因?yàn)樗M量輕裝上陣，也不是因?yàn)樗頍o分文。他不是。我試圖說服他至少在米飯上加點(diǎn)醬油。但不行，賈里德根本不同意。“我不需要，”他直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f)”可知，賈里德堅(jiān)持只吃米飯，不是因?yàn)樗M量輕裝上陣，不是因?yàn)樗麤]錢吃不起更好的飯菜，文中也沒有明確表示他不喜歡醬油，所以，他只吃米飯是因?yàn)樗矚g簡單的戶外餐食。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在部分“Whenyou’reravenousafteradayofburningoffcalorieswalkingorclimbingorbackcountryskiinginthemountains,howawesomedothingstaste!Iknowwhatyou’rethinking;it’ssimplythat,asthesayinggoes,hungeristhebestsauce.(當(dāng)你在山里徒步、爬山或野外滑雪消耗了一天的卡路里后感到ravenous時(shí)，食物嘗起來是多么美味啊！我知道你在想什么；俗話說，饑餓是最好的調(diào)味品)”中“afteradayofburningoffcalories”和“hungeristhebestsauce”可推知，經(jīng)過一天的卡路里消耗后，會感到饑餓，食物會變得美味。故“ravenous”的意思是“饑餓的”，與B項(xiàng)“Starving”同義。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TherealpointIwanttogettoisthatmealslargelytastesogoodwhenI’mcampingbecauseI’mremindedofsomethingseasilyforgottenathome,whereIcansimplygotothecupboard,orthesupermarket,andgetwhatevertakesmyfancy.Life,whenyou’recamping,isreducedtoitsessentials,andIamremindedofhowluckymostofusaretobedryandwarmandfed.(我真正想說的是，當(dāng)我在露營時(shí)，食物的味道很大程度上是如此的好，因?yàn)槲蚁肫鹆艘恍┰诩依锖苋菀淄浀臇|西，在家里我可以簡單地去櫥柜或超市，買到我喜歡的任何東西。當(dāng)你在露營時(shí)，生活只剩下最基本的東西，我想起我們大多數(shù)人都是多么幸運(yùn)，能保持干燥、溫暖和吃飽)”可知，作者認(rèn)為露營能讓他想起在家里很容易忘記的東西，想起自己所擁有的美好生活。故選C項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Life,whenyou’recamping,isreducedtoitsessentials,andIamremindedofhowluckymostofusaretobedryandwarmandfed.Moreimportantly,Iamremindedthatsadly,andinfactunforgivably,notallofusare.AndIamremindedthatwe,asasociety,shoulddobetterforthem.(當(dāng)你在露營時(shí)，生活只剩下最基本的東西，我想起我們大多數(shù)人都是多么幸運(yùn)，能保持干燥、溫暖和吃飽。更重要的是，我想起了可悲的、事實(shí)上不可原諒的是，并非所有人都如此。我想起作為一個(gè)社會，我們應(yīng)該為他們做得更好)”可知，作者想到并非所有人都能保持干燥、溫暖和吃飽，作者因?yàn)橄氲揭恍┤巳狈旧畋匦杵范械诫y過。故選A項(xiàng)。CNeighboringgroupsofbirdswithinthesamespeciescancreateverydifferent-lookingnests—showingthattheirnest-buildingchoicesaren’tonlycontrolledbyinstinct(本能)andtheenvironment.Instead,thesebirdsseemtolearnrulesfornest-makingthatgetpasseddownwithinafamilygroupfromgenerationtogeneration.That’stheconclusionofresearcherswhostudiednearly450grassystructuresbuiltovertwoyearsbywhite-browedsparrowweaverslivingintheKalahariDesertinSouthAfrica.Thesesmall,brown-and-whitebirdsliveingroups,anditturnsoutthatgroupsofbirdsthatlivedquiteneartoeachotherbuiltdistinctivearchitecturalforms.Thebiggestdifferencewasin“howshortorlongthestructuresare,”saysstudyleadauthorMariaC.Tello-Ramos,acognitiveecologistattheUniversityofHullinEngland.Furthermore,eachgroupmaintainedthesamearchitecturalstyleovertime—andwhenoutsidersjoined,theyadaptedtothisstyle.Toexaminewhatmightaccountfortheobserveddifferences,theteamcarefullyanalyzedfactorsthatcandetermineanest’ssizeandshapeforagivenbirdspecies:weatherconditions,treeheight,individuals’bodysizeandgenetic(基因的)relatedness.YetnoneofthesefactorsseemedtoplayarelevantroleinshapinghowtheKalaharisparrowsbuilttheirnests,theresearchersreportinScience.“Thenwesay,‘Okay,sowhatisleft?’”Tello-Ramosexplains.Sheandhercolleaguesproposedthatculturaltransmission(傳輸)mightbekeytonestbuilding.“Inourpaper,wehaven’tgottenthereyetwithexperiments,butwehaveverygoodcluesthatthatmightbeit,”shesays.“Theseareimportantquestionsthatareunderstudied,”saysChristinaRiehl,anevolutionarybiologist.She’snotconvincedthestudy’sdataareenoughtofullyruleoutgeneticinfluence.“Theycan’tactuallylookattheeffectof,say,geneticdifferences,becausetheydon’thavereallygoodgeneticinformationonalltheindividualsinthesegroups,”shesays.“Ithinkthere’salotlefttobedone,andIthinkthispaperwillinspirefutureresearchinareallygoodway.”28.Whatplaysakeyroleinbirds’nest-buildingchoicesaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Livingconditions. B.Grouptraditions.C.Theinfluenceofneighbors. D.Thespeciesofbirds.29.Whatdoweknowaboutthenestsbuiltbyneighboringgroupsofbirds?A.Theyaremodeledaftereachother. B.Theyaremadeofdifferentmaterials.C.Theyvarymostsignificantlyinlength. D.Theysharethesamearchitecturalstyle.30.HowdidTello-Ramosandhiscolleaguesreachthestudyconclusion?A.Throughstatisticalmethods. B.Throughcarefulexperiments.C.Byexcludingotherpossiblefactors. D.Byreviewingfindingsofpreviousstudies.31.WhatdoesChristinaRiehlthinkofthestudy?ALimitedbutinspiring. B.Understudiedandmisleading.C.Controversialbutwell-designed. D.Convincingandgroundbreaking.【答案】28.B29.C30.C31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了對南非卡拉哈里沙漠中白眉麻雀織巢鳥的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即同一物種內(nèi)相鄰的鳥類群體可以建造出外觀截然不同的巢穴，這表明它們的筑巢選擇不僅受本能和環(huán)境的影響，還似乎通過家族群體代代相傳的筑巢規(guī)則來學(xué)習(xí)。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Instead,thesebirdsseemtolearnrulesfornest-makingthatgetpasseddownwithinafamilygroupfromgenerationtogeneration.(相反，這些鳥類似乎學(xué)會了筑巢的規(guī)則，并且這些規(guī)則在家族群體中代代相傳。)”以及第五段“Sheandhercolleaguesproposedthatculturaltransmission(傳輸)mightbekeytonestbuilding.(她和她的同事提出，文化傳承可能是筑巢的關(guān)鍵。)”可知，鳥類似乎學(xué)會了在家族群體中代代相傳的筑巢規(guī)則，研究人員提出文化傳承可能是筑巢的關(guān)鍵，這里的文化傳承可以理解為群體傳統(tǒng)。故選B。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thebiggestdifferencewasin“howshortorlongthestructuresare,”saysstudyleadauthorMariaC.Tello-Ramos,acognitiveecologistattheUniversityofHullinEngland.(該研究的第一作者M(jìn)ariaC.Tello-Ramos是英國赫爾大學(xué)的認(rèn)知生態(tài)學(xué)家。她說，最大的差異在于“鳥巢結(jié)構(gòu)的長短”。)”可知，相鄰鳥群所建鳥巢最大的差異在于“結(jié)構(gòu)的長短”，也就是在長度方面差異最為顯著。故選C。【30題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Toexaminewhatmightaccountfortheobserveddifferences,theteamcarefullyanalyzedfactorsthatcandetermineanest’ssizeandshapeforagivenbirdspecies:weatherconditions,treeheight,individuals’bodysizeandgenetic(基因的)relatedness.YetnoneofthesefactorsseemedtoplayarelevantroleinshapinghowtheKalaharisparrowsbuilttheirnests,theresearchersreportinScience.(為了探究造成所觀察到的差異的原因，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)仔細(xì)分析了可能決定特定鳥類物種鳥巢大小和形狀的因素：天氣狀況、樹的高度、個(gè)體的體型大小以及基因相關(guān)性。然而，研究人員在《科學(xué)》雜志上報(bào)告稱，在塑造喀拉哈里麻雀的筑巢方式方面，這些因素似乎都沒有起到相關(guān)作用。)”可知，為了探究造成所觀察到差異的原因，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)仔細(xì)分析了可能決定鳥巢大小和形狀的各種因素，如天氣狀況、樹的高度、個(gè)體體型大小和基因相關(guān)性等，但發(fā)現(xiàn)這些因素似乎都對喀拉哈里麻雀的筑巢方式?jīng)]有起到相關(guān)作用。由此可知，該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)先分析其他因素，排除它們的影響后提出新的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“She’snotconvincedthestudy’sdataareenoughtofullyruleoutgeneticinfluence.“Theycan’tactuallylookattheeffectof,say,geneticdifferences,becausetheydon’thavereallygoodgeneticinformationonalltheindividualsinthesegroups,”shesays.“Ithinkthere’salotlefttobedone,andIthinkthispaperwillinspirefutureresearchinareallygoodway.”(她并不相信該研究的數(shù)據(jù)足以完全排除基因的影響。“實(shí)際上，他們無法研究比如說基因差異所產(chǎn)生的影響，因?yàn)樗麄儾]有掌握這些群體中所有個(gè)體的真正完善的基因信息。”她說，“我認(rèn)為還有很多工作有待完成，而且我覺得這篇論文會以非常好的方式激發(fā)未來的研究。”)”可知，她認(rèn)為該研究的數(shù)據(jù)不足以完全排除基因的影響，因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T沒有掌握這些群體中所有個(gè)體完善的基因信息，這表明她覺得該研究存在一定的局限性。故選A。DAwheeledrobotrollsacrossthefloor.Asoft-bodiedroboticstarbendsitsfivelegs,movingawkwardly.Poweredbyconventionalelectricityviaplugorbattery,thesesimpleroboticcreationswouldbeunremarkable,butwhatsetsthesetworobotsapartisthattheyarecontrolledbyalivingentity(實(shí)體):akingoystermushroom.Bygrowingthemushroom’smycelium(菌絲體)intotherobot’shardware,ateamledbyCornellUniversityresearchershasengineeredtwotypesofrobotsthatsenseandrespondtotheenvironmentbyusingelectricalsignalsmadebythemushroomanditssensitivitytolight.Therobotsarethelatestaccomplishmentofscientistsinafieldknownasbiohybridroboticswhoseektocombinebiological,livingmaterialssuchasplantandanimalcellsorinsectswithartificialcomponentstomakepartlylivingandpartlyengineeredentities.There’sstillalongwaytogobeforebiohybridrobotsgobeyondthelab,butresearchershopeonedayrobotjellyfishmayexploreoceans,sperm-poweredrobotsmaybeabletodeliverfertility(肥沃)treatmentsandcyborgcockroachescouldsearchforsurvivorsinthewakeofanearthquake.“Biohybridizationisanattempttofindcomponentsinthebiologicalworldthatwecanuse,understand,andcontroltohelpourartificialsystemsworkbetter,”saidShepherd,aprofessorofmechanicalandaerospaceengineeringatCornellUniversity.Theteambeganbygrowingkingoystermushroomsinthelabfromasimplekitorderedonline.Theresearcherschosethisspeciesofmushroombecauseitgrowseasilyandquickly.Theycultivated(培育)themushroom’smycelium,whichcanformnetworksthat,accordingtothestudy,cansense,communicateandtransportnutrients.Theteamfounditchallengingtoengineerasystemthatcoulddetectandusethesmallelectricalsignalsfromthemyceliatocommandtherobot.“Youhavetomakesurethatyourelectrode(電極)touchesintherightpositionbecausethemyceliaareverythin,”saidleadauthorAnandMishra.“Thenyouculturethem,andwhenthemyceliastartgrowing,theywraparoundtheelectrode.”32.Whatisspecialaboutthetworobotsinthefirstparagraph?A.Theycancontrollivingcreatures. B.Theycanmakevariousmovements.C.Theyarepoweredbykingoystermushrooms. D.Theyarepartlymushroomandpartlymachine.33.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbygivingtheexamplesinparagraph4?A.Thefuturepossibilitiesofbiohybridrobots.B.Theseriousnessoftheenvironmentalissues.C.Thelimitationsofbiohybridrobotsbeyondthelab.D.Theadvantagesofbiohybridrobotsoverconventionalones.34.Whatdidtheteamfinddifficultwhenengineeringtherobots?A.Wrappingtheelectrodewiththemycelia.B.Arrangingtheelectrodeintherightorder.C.Developingasystemtocultivatethemycelia.D.Positioningtheelectrodeaccuratelyonthemycelia.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhenNatureMeetsTechnology B.HowTechnologyTransformsNatureC.KingOysterMushrooms:theMagicofNature D.BiohybridRobotics:theKeytoSocialDevelopment【答案】32.D33.A34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種將生物和科技結(jié)合起來的機(jī)器人，介紹了其工作原理以及存在的挑戰(zhàn)。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Poweredbyconventionalelectricityviaplugorbattery,thesesimpleroboticcreationswouldbeunremarkable,butwhatsetsthesetworobotsapartisthattheyarecontrolledbyalivingentity(實(shí)體):akingoystermushroom.(通過插頭或電池供電，這些簡單的機(jī)器人創(chuàng)造物可能并不引人注目，但這兩個(gè)機(jī)器人的與眾不同之處在于，它們是由一種生物控制的：一種王牡蠣蘑菇)”可知，兩個(gè)機(jī)器人部分是蘑菇，部分是機(jī)器。故選D。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“There’sstillalongwaytogobeforebiohybridrobotsgobeyondthelab,butresearchershopeonedayrobotjellyfishmayexploreoceans,sperm-poweredrobotsmaybeabletodeliverfertility(肥沃)treatmentsandcyborgcockroachescouldsearchforsurvivorsinthewakeofanearthquake.(生物混合機(jī)器人要走出實(shí)驗(yàn)室還有很長的路要走，但研究人員希望有一天機(jī)器水母可以探索海洋，精子驅(qū)動的機(jī)器人可以提供生育治療，半機(jī)器人蟑螂可以在地震后尋找幸存者)”可知，作者在第4段中給出的例子想要說明生物混合機(jī)器人的未來可能性。故選A。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ Theteamfounditchallengingtoengineerasystemthatcoulddetectandusethesmallelectricalsignalsfromthemyceliatocommandtherobot.“Youhavetomakesurethatyourelectrode(電極)touchesintherightpositionbecausethemyceliaareverythin,”saidleadauthorAnandMishra.(研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)能夠檢測并使用來自菌絲體的小電信號來指揮機(jī)器人的系統(tǒng)是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)該研究的主要作者阿南德·米什拉說：“你必須確保電極接觸到正確的位置，因?yàn)榫z非常薄。”)”可知，在設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器人時(shí)，團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)難以將電極準(zhǔn)確定位在菌絲上。故選D。【35題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Bygrowingthemushroom’smycelium(菌絲體)intotherobot’shardware,ateamledbyCornellUniversityresearchershasengineeredtwotypesofrobotsthatsenseandrespondtotheenvironmentbyusingelectricalsignalsmadebythemushroomanditssensitivitytolight.(通過將蘑菇的菌絲體植入機(jī)器人的硬件，康奈爾大學(xué)研究人員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)設(shè)計(jì)了兩種類型的機(jī)器人，它們通過蘑菇發(fā)出的電信號和對光的敏感性來感知和響應(yīng)環(huán)境)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一種將生物和科技結(jié)合起來的機(jī)器人，介紹了其工作原理以及存在的挑戰(zhàn)可知，A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)自然遇上科技”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Scienceshowsthatattractionisn’tjustaboutlooks.___36___Thefollowingsimplewayswillhelpyouboostattractivenessandimpacthowothersperceiveyou.Masterthepowerofasmile.Agenuinesmilecansignificantlyboostyourattractiveness.Researchshowsthatabettersmileenhancesfacialappealforbothmenandwomen.Smilingnoto