丹東市2024～2025學(xué)年度（上）期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)高二英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2．答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。本試卷分四部分，卷面分?jǐn)?shù)150分。考試用時(shí)120分鐘，聽(tīng)力計(jì)入總分。第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15B．￡9.18C．￡9.15答案是C。1．Whatwillthewomandofirst?A．Goskating.B．Decoratethedormitory.C．Finishhermathhomework.2．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．Hewilltakesomenotestonight.B．Hecan’tstudyfortheexamtonight.C．HewillgethisnotesbackfromSam.3．Whatisthemostimportantreasonfortheman’sshoppingonline?A．Itisconvenient.B．Itistime-saving.C．Itischeaper.4．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Sports.B．Fashion.C．Magazines.5．Wheredoesthisconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A．Inarestaurant.B．Atacafe.C．Atamovietheater.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽(tīng)完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的做答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Friends.B．Familymembers.C．Co-workers.7．Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheoldfactory?A．Itisboring.B．Itisdangerous.C．Itistoofaraway.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Theconcertthisweekend.B．Theirplanforthefuture.C．ThesingingcompetitioninCalifornia.9．Whenwillthemanattendtheevent?A．OnFriday.B．OnSaturday.C．OnSunday.10．Howlonghasthechoir(合唱團(tuán))beenpractising?A．Foramonth.B．Forsixmonths.C．Forayear.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Howmanydogswillthespeakershave?A．One.B．Two.C．Three.12．Whatwillthewomannamethepuppy?A．Happy.B．Spot.C．Lucky.13．Whydoesthewomanwantapuppy?A．Towalkhimeveryday.B．Tomaketheolddogslivelonger.C．Totraintheolddogswithhim.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Wheredoesthemansuggestgoingatfirst?A．Tothemuseum.B．Tothezoo.C．Totheforest.15．Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttogotothezoo?A．Shethinksitisn’tinteresting.B．Shehasbeentheremanytimes.C．Shedoesn’tlikewatchinganimals.16．Whatwillthespeakersdothisweekend?A．Watchbirds.B．Dosomegardening.C．Seeancientanimalbones.17．Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutvisitingthefarm?A．Relaxed.B．Excited.C．Bored.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．WhathaveFrazerandPeterdonerecently?A．Theyhavedonelotsofhomework.B．Theyhaveworkedonthecomputer.C．Theyhaveenjoyedgoingswimming.19．WhydidFrazerwanttomakeacomputergame?A．Tohelphisbrother.B．Toearnmoney.C．Towinaprize.20．Whatissaidaboutthegame?A．Ithelpstolearnwords.B．Ittook200daystofinishit.C．It’sonsalearoundthecountry.第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AYour2024ReadingList,recommendedbyMuskDoyouwanttobeabillionaire?Mostofuscan’tlivelikeMusk,therichestmanintheworld,butwecanreadlikehim.Muskrecommendedfourbooksin2024-thoughsomewerepublishedearlier.TheHitchhiker’sGuidetotheGalaxy,byDouglasAdams“Thisbookhighlightsanimportantpointthatmanytimesthequestionsaremoredifficultthananswers.Ifyoucanexpressaquestioncompletely,theanswerisactuallyquitesimple.Soifwecanbroadentherangeofknowledge,thatwillbeagoodthing.”saidMusk.Franklin:AnAmericanLife,byWalterIsaacson“He’sanentrepreneur,”Musksaid.“Hestartedwithnothing.Hewasjustarunawaykid.ButsuchamanwithnothingturnedouttobethedrafteroftheDeclarationofIndependenceoftheUnitedStates.DuringhisstayinFrance,healsoreceivedthesupportofFrancefortheindependenceoftheUnitedStates.ManyotherinventionsandcontributionstoAmericansocietyaretoonumeroustomention.”Superintelligence,byNickBostromNickBostrom,fromOxfordUniversity’sInstitutefortheFutureofHumanity,wonhighpraiseforthisnovel.Thisbooksuggeststhattheartificialintelligenceoffuturecomputerswillsurpasshumanintelligence.Afterreadingthebook,MuskwroteonTwitter:Weshouldbeverycarefulaboutartificialintelligence,becauseitmaybemoredangerousthannuclearweapons.HowardHughes,byBarrett&Steele“Howardisafamousfilmmakerandaerospacepowerfulfigure,”Musksaid.“ItisreadingthebiographyofsuchawildandunrulyAmericanhistoricalfigurethatcangivemesomuchinterestinginspirationandhumor.So,sometimesideasdon’tnecessarilycomefrombooksonspecializedsubjects,andmanyofthemareunusual.Peopletendtogiveusmoreunusualbutwonderfulideas.”1.Ifyouareinterestedininventions,whosebookwillyoumostprobablychoose?A.DouglasAdams. B.WalterIsaacson. C.NickBostrom. D.Barrett&Steele.2.WhichbookgivesMuskinspiration?A.HowardHughes. B.Franklin:AnAmericanLife.C.Superintelligence. D.TheHitchhiker’sGuidetotheGalaxy.3.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A.DouglasAdamsstressesanswersarehard. B.FranklingotthesupportoftheUnitedStates.C.Muskgetsinspirationfromspecializedsubjects. D.ThebookSuperintelligencewaswellreceived.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇推薦類(lèi)說(shuō)明文。馬斯克推薦2024年四本書(shū)，包括《銀河系漫游指南》等，介紹每本書(shū)內(nèi)容及馬斯克對(duì)它們的看法。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Franklin:AnAmericanLife,byWalterIsaacson部分中“ManyotherinventionsandcontributionstoAmericansocietyaretoonumeroustomention.(他對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)的許多其他發(fā)明和貢獻(xiàn)多得不勝枚舉。)”可知，這本書(shū)提到了很多發(fā)明相關(guān)內(nèi)容，所以如果對(duì)發(fā)明感興趣，最可能選擇WalterIsaacson寫(xiě)的書(shū)。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HowardHughes,byBarrett&Steele部分中“ItisreadingthebiographyofsuchawildandunrulyAmericanhistoricalfigurethatcangivemesomuchinterestinginspirationandhumor.(正是閱讀這樣一位不羈的美國(guó)歷史人物的傳記，能給我?guī)?lái)如此多有趣的靈感和幽默。)”可知，HowardHughes這本書(shū)給了馬斯克靈感。故選A項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Superintelligence,byNickBostrom部分中“NickBostrom,fromOxfordUniversity’sInstitutefortheFutureofHumanity,wonhighpraiseforthisnovel.(來(lái)自牛津大學(xué)人類(lèi)未來(lái)研究所的NickBostrom因這部小說(shuō)贏得了高度贊譽(yù)。)”可知，Superintelligence這本書(shū)廣受好評(píng)。故選D項(xiàng)。BChina’snewhitTVshowTotheWonderhasmadeAltayintheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionanewtrendytouristdestinationamongyoungpeople,whoareattractedbythebreathtakingviewsandthesimpleandheartwarminglivesofthelocalresidents.AdaptedfromLiJuan’sMyAltay,thedramatellsthestoryofLiWenxiu,whoreturnedtoherhometownaftercareersetbacksandfoundthemeaningoflifeandherlovethere.ThegrasslandviewsandfreeandeasylivesshowcasedintheteleplaysoonmadeAltayoneofthetopscenicspots.ThetravelwebsiteQunarsaidthatfromMay7,flightticketbookingstoAltayrose20percentcomparedwiththesameperiodinthepreviousmonth,andhotelbookingsdoubledduringtheperiodonitsplatform.“ThebesttravelseasontoAltayisusuallyfromAugusttoOctober,butitspeakseasonwillarriveearlierthisyear,aroundJune,thankstotheimpactofthistrendyshow,”saidHuangMinghu,travelwebsiteTuniu’sdirectorfortourproductsinXinjiang.HesaidthatAltayenjoysgreatadvantagesindevelopingtourism,includingitsbreathtakinggrasslandandlakeviews,andoriginalandwell-preservedvillages.Theplaceisalsoapopularskiingdestinationinwinter.WeiChangren,founderofatourism-relatedfinancialnewswebsite,saidthatAltayhasnotbecomefamousovernight,buthaslongbeenadestinationwell-knownforitsnaturalbeauty.However,ithasn’tbeenverypopularbecauseoflongtraveltimeandhighercostsofaccommodation.“It’snotthatconvenienttoreachtheplace,asmanybigcitiesdon’thavedirectflightstoAltay.Travelersmayhavetotakebusesorcarsforhoursaftertheirflight,whichisaproblem,”hesaid.“ButIbelievethedevelopmentofitstourismenjoysgreatprospects.”“Altayhasdifferentcharmsinsummerandwinter,andthesedistinctseasonalviewsareattractivetotravelers.Frommyperspective,authoritiesinAltaycantakethehitshowasanopportunityandcontinuedevelopinggoodtourismandculturalresourcestoattracttravelers,”addedWei.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutAltayfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itlacksbreathtakingnaturalbeauty. B.Ithasbecomeahottouristattraction.C.Ithasnoimpactonthetourismindustry. D.ItmadeLiJuanfindthemeaningfullife.5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningthetravelwebsiteQunar?A.ToanalyzethepatternsoftourisminAltay.B.TodescribethetourismadvantagesofAltay.C.ToprovetheimpactofTVshowontourismofAltay.D.TodiscusstheconvenienceoftransportationinAltay.6.WhatisthechallengeintermsofAltay’stourismdevelopment?A.Lackofbeautifulnaturalscenery. B.Lackofdirectflightsfrombigcities.C.Theincreasingpopularityofateleplay. D.Theincreasingcostofaccommodation.7.What’sthebasisofAltayasatourismdestination?A.Itsfreeandeasylifestyle. B.Theteleplayfilmedthere.C.Thewell-preservedvillages. D.Itsbreathtakingseasonalviews.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。中國(guó)熱門(mén)電視劇《我的阿勒泰》讓阿勒泰成熱門(mén)旅游地，介紹其旅游現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)與挑戰(zhàn)。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“China’snewhitTVshowTotheWonderhasmadeAltayintheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionanewtrendytouristdestinationamongyoungpeople,whoareattractedbythebreathtakingviewsandthesimpleandheartwarminglivesofthelocalresidents.(中國(guó)新的熱門(mén)電視劇《我的阿勒泰》使新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)的阿勒泰成為年輕人中新的熱門(mén)旅游目的地，他們被那里令人驚嘆的景色和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈?jiǎn)單溫馨的生活所吸引。)”以及第二段“ThegrasslandviewsandfreeandeasylivesshowcasedintheteleplaysoonmadeAltayoneofthetopscenicspots.(電視劇中展示的草原景色和愜意的生活很快使阿勒泰成為頂級(jí)景點(diǎn)之一。)”可知，阿勒泰已經(jīng)成為熱門(mén)旅游景點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ThetravelwebsiteQunarsaidthatfromMay7,flightticketbookingstoAltayrose20percentcomparedwiththesameperiodinthepreviousmonth,andhotelbookingsdoubledduringtheperiodonitsplatform.(旅游網(wǎng)站去哪兒網(wǎng)表示，從5月7日起，前往阿勒泰的機(jī)票預(yù)訂量較上月同期增長(zhǎng)了20%，在此期間其平臺(tái)上的酒店預(yù)訂量翻了一番。)”可知，作者提及去哪兒網(wǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)，是為了證明電視劇對(duì)阿勒泰旅游業(yè)的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“‘It’snotthatconvenienttoreachtheplace,asmanybigcitiesdon’thavedirectflightstoAltay.Travelersmayhavetotakebusesorcarsforhoursaftertheirflight,whichisaproblem,’hesaid.(他說(shuō)：“到達(dá)這個(gè)地方不太方便，因?yàn)樵S多大城市沒(méi)有直飛阿勒泰的航班。旅客下飛機(jī)后可能還得乘坐幾個(gè)小時(shí)的公共汽車(chē)或汽車(chē)，這是個(gè)問(wèn)題。”)”可知，阿勒泰旅游業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是缺乏來(lái)自大城市的直飛航班。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Altayhasdifferentcharmsinsummerandwinter,andthesedistinctseasonalviewsareattractivetotravelers.(阿勒泰在夏季和冬季有不同的魅力，這些獨(dú)特的季節(jié)性景色對(duì)游客很有吸引力。)”可知，阿勒泰作為旅游目的地的基礎(chǔ)是其令人驚嘆的季節(jié)性景色。故選D項(xiàng)。CWeoftengetintoargumentswithothersandprobablythinkwe’reright,evenifwedon’thaveallthefacts.Accordingtoarecentpsychologystudy,peopletendtoassumetheyhavealloftheinformationthattheyneedtomakedecisions-eveniftheydon’t.ThisiscalledtheIllusionofInformationAdequacy,asdescribedinaPLOSONEjournalarticleonOctober9th.InthestudyresearchersfromOhioState,Stanford,surveyed1,261Americansonline.GroupOnereadanarticlethatonlygavereasonswhytheschoolshouldcooperatewithanotherthathasbetterwater.GroupTworeadanarticlethatonlygavereasonsfortheschoolsstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutionstotheproblem.GroupThreewasthecontrolgroupthatreadallofthereasonsfromtheabovearticles.TheyfoundthatthemajorityfromGroupOneandGroupTwostillbelievedthattheyhadenoughinformationtomakeagooddecisionaboutwhattodo.Mostsaidthattheywouldfollowtheadviceinthearticletheyread.ThosefromGroupOneweresignificantlymorelikelytorecommendtheschoolscooperate,whilereadersfromGroupTwoweresignificantlymorelikelytorecommendthattheschoolsremainseparate.About55percentofthecontrolgrouprecommendtheschoolscooperate.Theparticipantswhohadhalftheinformationalsosaidthattheythoughtmostpeoplewouldmakethesamedecisiontheydid.Theteamcallsthisbeliefthatwearecorrect-evenwhenwedon’thavealloftheinformation-theIllusionofInformationAdequacy.Fletcherdescribesitas“Thelessthatourbrainknows,themoreconfidentitisthatitknowsallitneedstoknow,whichleadstooverconfidentdecisionsandjudgments,whenwearemissingnecessaryinformation.”Inafollow-upstudywith100readersfromGroupOneandGroupTwo,theresearchtriedtoknowwhattheparticipantsdidafterhearingbothsides.Atfirst,theysharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.Eventually,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinthemsaying“Thatsoundsright.”AccordingtoFletcher,oneofthebestwaystofighttheIllusionofInformationAdequacywhendisagreeingwithsomeoneistopauseandask,“IstheresomethingI’moverlookingthatcouldhelpmeunderstandtheirviewpointbetter?”Thiscanhelpreduceinterpersonalconflict.8.WhatisParagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Thecontentofthearticle. B.Thedesignofthesurvey.C.Thecauseoftheresearch. D.Thereactionsofparticipants.9.WhatdoestheIllusionofInformationAdequacyleadto?A.Makingdecisionsquickly. B.Feelingmuchtooconfident.C.Knowingenoughinformation. D.Alwaysagreeingwithothers.10.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Theresearchresult. B.Thenumberofparticipants.C.Thesizeofthegroups. D.Theprocessofchangingminds.11.WhatdoesFletchersuggesttoreduceconflict?A.Agreeingwithothers’ideas. B.Focusingonnewinformation.C.Ignoringdeeply-heldbeliefs. D.Stoppingtoconsiderotherviews.【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)心理學(xué)研究表明人們存在信息充足性錯(cuò)覺(jué)，即便信息不全也自信決策。研究通過(guò)分組調(diào)查證實(shí)，還給出減少人際沖突的方法，即思考是否忽略他人觀點(diǎn)。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthestudy,researchersfromOhioState,Stanford,surveyed1,261Americansonline.GroupOnereadanarticlethatonlygavereasonswhytheschoolshouldcooperatewithanotherthathasbetterwater.GroupTworeadanarticlethatonlygavereasonsfortheschoolsstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutionstotheproblem.GroupThreewasthecontrolgroupthatreadallofthereasonsfromtheabovearticles.(在這項(xiàng)研究中，來(lái)自俄亥俄州立大學(xué)和斯坦福大學(xué)的研究人員對(duì)1261名美國(guó)人進(jìn)行了在線(xiàn)調(diào)查。第一組閱讀了一篇只給出學(xué)校為何應(yīng)與另一所水源更好的學(xué)校合作的文章。第二組閱讀了一篇只給出學(xué)校應(yīng)保持獨(dú)立并尋求其他解決問(wèn)題辦法的文章。第三組是對(duì)照組，閱讀了上述文章中的所有理由。)”可知，該段主要講述了調(diào)查的設(shè)計(jì)，包括分組情況以及每組閱讀的內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Fletcherdescribesitas‘Thelessthatourbrainknows,themoreconfidentitisthatitknowsallitneedstoknow,whichleadstooverconfidentdecisionsandjudgments,whenwearemissingnecessaryinformation.’(弗萊徹將其描述為‘我們大腦知道得越少，就越自信地認(rèn)為自己知道了所需知道的一切，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們?cè)谌鄙俦匾畔r(shí)做出過(guò)度自信的決策和判斷。’)”可知，信息充足性錯(cuò)覺(jué)會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們過(guò)度自信。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Inafollow-upstudywith100readersfromGroupOneandGroupTwo,theresearchtriedtoknowwhattheparticipantsdidafterhearingbothsides.(在對(duì)來(lái)自第一組和第二組的100名讀者進(jìn)行的后續(xù)研究中，研究試圖了解參與者在聽(tīng)到雙方觀點(diǎn)后做了什么。)”可知，后續(xù)研究關(guān)注的是參與者改變想法的過(guò)程。故選D項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“AccordingtoFletcher,oneofthebestwaystofighttheIllusionofInformationAdequacywhendisagreeingwithsomeoneistopauseandask,‘IstheresomethingI’moverlookingthatcouldhelpmeunderstandtheirviewpointbetter?’Thiscanhelpreduceinterpersonalconflict.(根據(jù)弗萊徹的說(shuō)法，當(dāng)與某人意見(jiàn)不一致時(shí)，對(duì)抗信息充足性錯(cuò)覺(jué)的最佳方法之一是停下來(lái)問(wèn)問(wèn)自己，‘我是否忽略了一些能幫助我更好理解他們觀點(diǎn)的東西？’這有助于減少人際沖突。)”可知，弗萊徹建議通過(guò)停下來(lái)考慮他人觀點(diǎn)來(lái)減少?zèng)_突。故選D項(xiàng)。DWiththedevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI),itdoesmuchforpeople.ButcanyouimaginetheUKgovernmentisconsideringtheuseofAIinthejusticesystem?Supportersclaimitcansimplifylegaltasks,cutdownmistakes,andspeedupcases.TheysuggestAIshouldhelpanalyzedocuments,forecastcaseresultsusingpastdata,andevenassistindraftinglegalpapers,easinglawyers’workload.YoumnaHashemfromtheAlanTuringInstituteandherteamhavesaidthat84%oftheUK’sonebillionyearly-interactionsbetweencitizensandthegovernmentcouldbedonebyAI.However,VinijaJainandhisteamevaluatedhowAIjudgesethically(倫理上)ambiguousactions,likestealingfoodduetohunger.Unlikehumans,theseAIsystemslackunderstandingandsympathy,oftenfindingpeopleguiltyinsuchcases,whichcouldhavenegativeeffectsonlegalsituations.Jainremarksthatahumanjudgecanannounce“Thisiswrong,butgiventhecurrentsituation,itisforgivable.”ButitisnotsomethingwecanrealisticallyenvisionforanAIjudge.Toaddresstheseconcerns,thegovernmentisexploringanapproachthatAIsupportsratherthanreplacinghumanjudgment.ThiswouldinvolvetighttestingofAIsystemsbeforetheyareappliedtolegalpracticesorincourtrooms.Additionally,thereisapushforbeingcontinuouslymonitoredbylegalexpertstoensurethatAIrecommendationsaresoundandethicallycorrespondwiththeprinciplesofjustice.ThedebateoverAIinthejusticesystemisongoing,withbothsidespresentingheatedarguments.Whilethepotentialbenefitsofincreasingefficiencyandconsistencyareundeniable,theimportanceofpreservingthehumanelementinlegaldecision-makingstillcannotbeignored.AstheUKgovernmentmovesforwardwithitsconsiderations,itwillbecrucialtostrikeabalancethattakesadvantageofthestrengthsofAIwhilesafeguardingthefairnessofthejusticesystem.12.WhatisasignificantworryaboutAIinthejusticesystem?A.AIisnotopen-minded. B.AIisnotlogical.C.AIisnottender-hearted. D.AIisnotintelligent.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“envision”inParagraph4referto?A.Participate. B.Expect. C.Analyse. D.Approach.14.WhatdoesthegovernmenttendtodoregardingtheconcernsaboutAI?A.TouseAIinthejusticesystem. B.ToreplacehumanjudgementwithAI.C.ToemployAIwithstrictmanagement. D.Toprotectlegaldecision-makingagainstAI.15.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.AI’sRoleinLegalSystems B.AI’sLimitationsinCrimeandJusticeC.TheProsandConsofAIinJusticesystem D.AutomatingGovernmentServiceswithAI【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了人工智能在司法系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用，并闡述了人工智能在司法系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“However,VinijaJainandhisteamevaluatedhowAIjudgesethically(倫理上)ambiguousactions,likestealingfoodduetohunger.Unlikehumans,theseAIsystemslackunderstandingandsympathy,oftenfindingpeopleguiltyinsuchcases,whichcouldhavenegativeeffectsonlegalsituations.(然而，VinijaJain和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)評(píng)估了人工智能如何判斷道德上模棱兩可的行為，比如因饑餓而偷食物。與人類(lèi)不同，這些人工智能系統(tǒng)缺乏理解和同情，經(jīng)常在這種情況下發(fā)現(xiàn)人們有罪，這可能對(duì)法律情況產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。)”可知，對(duì)于在司法系統(tǒng)中使用人工智能的一個(gè)重大擔(dān)憂(yōu)是，人工智能系統(tǒng)缺乏理解和同情心，即不心軟。故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Jainremarksthatahumanjudgecanannounce“Thisiswrong,butgiventhecurrentsituation,itisforgivable.”(Jain評(píng)論說(shuō)，人類(lèi)法官可以宣布“這是錯(cuò)誤的，但考慮到目前的情況，這是可以原諒的。”)”以及劃線(xiàn)單詞句中“Butitisnotsomethingwecanrealisticallyenvision foranAIjudge.(但這并不是我們可以實(shí)際envision人工智能法官的)”可知，此處為對(duì)于人工智能法官來(lái)說(shuō)，“雖然有錯(cuò)誤但可以原諒的”的判定不是我們能“期望”AI的事情。故可猜測(cè)劃線(xiàn)單詞envision為“期望，設(shè)想”的意思，和B選項(xiàng)Expect“期待，期望”意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Toaddresstheseconcerns,thegovernmentisexploringanapproachthatAIsupportsratherthanreplacinghumanjudgment.ThiswouldinvolvetighttestingofAIsystemsbeforetheyareappliedtolegalpracticesorincourtrooms.Additionally,thereisapushforbeingcontinuouslymonitoredbylegalexpertstoensurethatAIrecommendationsaresoundandethicallycorrespondwiththeprinciplesofjustice.(為了解決這些問(wèn)題，政府正在探索一種人工智能支持而不是取代人類(lèi)判斷的方法。這將涉及在將人工智能系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于法律實(shí)踐或法庭之前對(duì)其進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格測(cè)試。此外，人們還在推動(dòng)由法律專(zhuān)家持續(xù)監(jiān)督，以確保人工智能的建議是合理的，并且在道德上符合正義原則。)”可知，政府傾向于在嚴(yán)格管理的情況下使用人工智能，即讓人工智能起到支持作用而非取代人類(lèi)判斷，在應(yīng)用前進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格測(cè)試，并由法律專(zhuān)家持續(xù)監(jiān)控。故選C項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合最后一段“ThedebateoverAIinthejusticesystemisongoing,withbothsidespresentingheatedarguments.Whilethepotentialbenefitsofincreasingefficiencyandconsistencyareundeniable,theimportanceofpreservingthehumanelementinlegaldecision-makingstillcannotbeignored.AstheUKgovernmentmovesforwardwithitsconsiderations,itwillbecrucialtostrikeabalancethattakesadvantageofthestrengthsofAIwhilesafeguardingthefairnessofthejusticesystem(關(guān)于司法系統(tǒng)中人工智能的爭(zhēng)論正在進(jìn)行中，雙方都提出了激烈的論點(diǎn)。雖然提高效率和一致性的潛在好處是不可否認(rèn)的，但在法律決策中保留人的因素的重要性仍然不能忽視。隨著英國(guó)政府推進(jìn)其考慮，在利用人工智能優(yōu)勢(shì)的同時(shí)維護(hù)司法系統(tǒng)的公平性，取得平衡將是至關(guān)重要的。)”可知，文章第一段引出英國(guó)政府考慮在司法系統(tǒng)中使用人工智能這一話(huà)題，第二段講述了支持者認(rèn)為人工智能在司法系統(tǒng)中的好處，如簡(jiǎn)化法律任務(wù)、減少錯(cuò)誤、加快案件處理等，第三、四段指出了人工智能在司法系統(tǒng)中存在的問(wèn)題，如缺乏理解和同情心，第五段說(shuō)明政府針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題采取的措施，最后一段總結(jié)關(guān)于在司法系統(tǒng)中使用人工智能的爭(zhēng)論仍在繼續(xù)，既要看到其提高效率和一致性的潛在好處，也不能忽視法律決策中保留人類(lèi)因素的重要性，所以文章主要講的是人工智能在司法系統(tǒng)中的利弊。C選項(xiàng)“TheProsandConsofAIinJusticesystem(人工智能在司法系統(tǒng)中的利弊)”，符合文章主旨，適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Positivethinkingisamentalandemotionalattitudethatfocusesonoptimisticandpositivethoughtsandexpectspositiveresults.Itisamindsetthatlooksonthebrightsideoflifeandanticipateshappiness,health,andsuccess.Itcanhelpusovercomedifficultiesandachieveourgoals.____16____Herearesometipsfordevelopingapositivethinkingmindset.KnowyourselfIdentifywhatyourunfavorablehabitsaresoyoucanassessareasofneededchange.____17____Wheredoesyourmindwanderwhenyouaredriving,walking,oryourhandsarebusy?Whatkindofinternaldialoguedoyouhavewhenyouarefacedwithchallenges,negativesituations,ortheboringaspectsofdailylife?Ifyouranswerstothosequestionswererelatedtonegativethoughtpatternsorhabits,starttoreplacethemwithpositiveones.____18____FindgoodintheworldOptimistsseemtohavedifferentwaysofdealingwiththeworldthatsetthemapartfromtheaverage.Optimistslookforthegoodineveryproblemordifficulty.____19____Theythensetaboutfindingsomethingpositiveaboutthesituation.Whatweknowisthat,ifyouarelookingforsomethinggoodorbeneficialinapersonorsituation,youwillalwaysfindit.Andwhileyouarelooking,youwillbeamorepositiveandcheerfulperson.FeelgratefulWhenyoupracticegratitude,youlookatyourlifeinamorepositiveway.Spendtimeeachdaycultivatingapositivemindsetbywritingwhatyouaregratefulforinyourgratitudejournal.____20____Youwillfindthisonehabitwillimproveyourmentalhealthandwell-beingandsoon,practicingpositivethinkingwillbenaturaltoyou.A.Noticethethoughtsyouhaveduringtheday.B.Takenoteofpositiveevents,feelings,andcircumstances.C.Whenthingsgowrong,astheyoftendo,theysay,“That’sgood!”D.It’saboutcultivatingahabitofseeingthegoodineverysituation.E.Then,thinkofpositivewaysyoucanapproachthesecircumstances.F.Avoidpeoplewithnegativethoughtsandfeelingsandnegativeoutlook.G.Totakeadvantageofthepowerofpositivethinking,youneedtopracticeit.【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.C20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹積極思考能助我們克服困難、實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，從了解自己、發(fā)現(xiàn)世界美好和心懷感恩三方面給出培養(yǎng)積極思維的方法，以養(yǎng)成積極思考習(xí)慣。【16題詳解】由上文“Positivethinkingisamentalandemotionalattitudethatfocusesonoptimisticandpositivethoughtsandexpectspositiveresults.Itisamindsetthatlooksonthebrightsideoflifeandanticipateshappiness,health,andsuccess.Itcanhelpusovercomedifficultiesandachieveourgoals.(積極思考是一種心理和情感態(tài)度，側(cè)重于樂(lè)觀和積極的想法，并期望積極的結(jié)果。這是一種著眼于生活光明面，期待幸福、健康和成功的心態(tài)。它可以幫助我們克服困難，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。)”可知，這里闡述了積極思考的定義及作用，空格處要引出培養(yǎng)積極思維方式的方法，而G項(xiàng)Totakeadvantageofthepowerofpositivethinking,youneedtopracticeit.(為了利用積極思考的力量，你需要去實(shí)踐它。)符合語(yǔ)境，引出下文關(guān)于培養(yǎng)積極思維的建議，有承上啟下作用。故選G項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】由上文“Identifywhatyourunfavorablehabitsaresoyoucanassessareasofneededchange.(識(shí)別出你不利的習(xí)慣，這樣你就可以評(píng)估需要改變的方面。)”及下文“Wheredoesyourmindwanderwhenyouaredriving,walking,oryourhandsarebusy?Whatkindofinternaldialoguedoyouhavewhenyouarefacedwithchallenges,negativesituations,ortheboringaspectsofdailylife?(當(dāng)你開(kāi)車(chē)、走路或雙手忙碌時(shí)，你的思緒在哪里徘徊？當(dāng)你面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)、負(fù)面情況或日常生活中無(wú)聊的方面時(shí)，你會(huì)有什么樣的內(nèi)心對(duì)話(huà)？)”可知，上文講要了解自己不利習(xí)慣，且下文通過(guò)提問(wèn)日常思緒情況，而A項(xiàng)Noticethethoughtsyouhaveduringtheday.(注意你白天產(chǎn)生的想法。)符合語(yǔ)境，承接上文要了解自己，引出下文對(duì)日常思緒的關(guān)注。故選A項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】由上文“Ifyouranswerstothosequestionswererelatedtonegativethoughtpatternsorhabits,starttoreplacethemwithpositiveones.(如果你對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的回答與消極的思維模式或習(xí)慣有關(guān)，那就開(kāi)始用積極的思維模式或習(xí)慣來(lái)取代它們。)”可知，這里提到若發(fā)現(xiàn)消極思維要以積極思維取代，而E項(xiàng)Then,thinkofpositivewaysyoucanapproachthesecircumstances.(然后，想出你可以應(yīng)對(duì)這些情況的積極方法。)符合語(yǔ)境，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明如何用積極思維取代消極思維，承接上文。故選E項(xiàng)。19題詳解】由上文“Optimistslookforthegoodineveryproblemordifficulty.(樂(lè)觀主義者在每一個(gè)問(wèn)題或困難中尋找好的方面。)”及下文“Theythensetaboutfindingsomethingpositiveaboutthesituation.(然后他們著手尋找關(guān)于這種情況的積極方面。)”可知，這里闡述樂(lè)觀主義者面對(duì)問(wèn)題找積極面，而C項(xiàng)Whenthingsgowrong,astheyoftendo,theysay,“That’sgood!”(當(dāng)事情出錯(cuò)時(shí)，就像經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣，他們會(huì)說(shuō)，“那很好！”)符合語(yǔ)境，舉例說(shuō)明樂(lè)觀主義者面對(duì)問(wèn)題找積極面，承上啟下。故選C項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】由上文“Spendtimeeachdaycultivatingapositivemindsetbywritingwhatyouaregratefulforinyourgratitudejournal.(每天花些時(shí)間，通過(guò)在感恩日記中寫(xiě)下你感激的事情來(lái)培養(yǎng)積極的心態(tài)。)”可知，提到通過(guò)寫(xiě)感恩日記培養(yǎng)積極心態(tài)，而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)Takenoteofpositiveevents,feelings,andcircumstances.(記錄積極的事件、感受和情況。)符合語(yǔ)境，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明在感恩日記中記錄的內(nèi)容，承接上文。故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Inthehustleandbustleofourdailylives,it’seasytooverlookthoseheartwarmingmomentsthatremindusofthegoodnessinpeopleandthebeautyofhumannature.Thesearethemomentsthatmayseem____21____orinsignificant,buttheyholdthepowerto____22____ourheartsandinspireustobebetter.Onesuchmomentthat____23____inmymemoryhappenedona(n)____24____subwayinBeijing.Itwasahotsummerday,andthesubwaywaspackedwithpassengers.Amongthem,ayoungwomancaughtmyattention.Shenoticedanelderlymanstrugglingtofinda____25____inthecrammedtrain.Withouthesitation,shestoodupandofferedhimherseat.Whatstruckmewasnotjustheractofkindnessbutalsothesmilethat____26____uptheelderlyman’sface.Itwasasimple____27____,butitshowedwarmthandcompassioninthatcrowdedsubwaycar.AnothertouchingmomentoccurredduringavisittoaruralvillageinPhilippines.Thelocalcommunitywasfacing____28____challenges,buttheirsenseof____29____andgenerositywasawe-inspiring.I_____30_____villagerscomingtogethertohelpafamilywhosehomehadbeen_____31_____byastorm.Theydidn’thavemuchthemselves,buttheysharedwhattheyhadandworked_____32_____torebuildtheirneighbor’shouse.Thesemomentsofkindnessandcompassionremindusthat,despitethefast-pacedlifeandthechallengeswemayface,thereisanabundanceof_____33_____intheworld.Theyserveasabeaconofhope,encouragingustobemore_____34_____,understanding,andwillingtohelpothersinourownway.Thesemomentsarethe_____35_____thatweavetogetherthefabricofourlives,creatingatapestryofsharedhumanity.21.A.valuable B.real C.small D.believable22.A.hurt B.attack C.break D.melt23.A.standsout B.turnsout C.wipesout D.worksout24.A.unusual B.empty C.crowded D.busy25.A.package B.ticket C.coach D.seat26.A.made B.picked C.lifted D.lit27.A.gesture B.solution C.manner D.problem28.A.scientific B.econom