重難點02-1閱讀七選五之設空剖析

2023年高考英語【熱點?重點?難點】專練（新高考專用）

年份卷類卷別體裁題材設空位置

段中設空4

I卷說明文如何尋找健身的伙伴

段尾設空1

新高考

段首設空1

n卷說明文寫文章的技巧

段中設空4

段首設空1

2022年

甲卷說明文外出就餐的注意事項段中設空3

段尾設空1

全國卷

段首設空3

乙卷說明文五種維系異地友誼的方法段中設空1

段尾設空1

段首設空1

I卷記敘文體驗巴黎當地的生活

段中設空4

新高考段首設空1

n卷說明文提高閱讀速度的建議段中設空2

段尾設空2

2021年

段首設空1

甲卷說明文處理舊衣物的方法

段中設空4

全國卷段首設空2

乙卷說明文在晚會上受人關注的方法段中設空2

段尾設空1

從兩年高考閱讀七選五命題的設空位置（段首空為10空、段中空為24空、段尾空為6空）我們可以看

出，命題人特別注重的還是對段中空的設置。一般來說，段中空越多，難度就越大。因為解段中空，需

要考生瞻前顧后。根據新高考I卷段中設空兩年都保持在4空的情況下，我們可以認為2023年新高考閱

讀七選五設空位置大體有兩種可能：一是保持不變；二是對段首設空、段中設空、段尾設空的比例作一

些微調。

熱點解讀

在閱讀七選五中，句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。段首設空所要填的內容起概括主

旨的作用；段中設空所要填的內容起注釋細節、體現邏輯關系的作用；段尾設空所要填的內容起歸納總

結的作用。除此之外，三種設空處所要填的內容都有一個共同的作用：不是承上，就是啟下，或者兼而

有之（承上啟下）。

此外，還有一種設空的方式是標題設空，其特點非常明顯：位于文章的首位或是段與段之間，呈現

形式為單獨成行或成段。

一、段首設空的主要考點：

段落標題句、段落主旨句、段落過渡句（承上啟下句或導入句）。

此外，設空在首段段首處時，有可能考查的是通篇主題句。

滿分技巧

【滿分技巧1】借助“對標”將題

對照其他標題的表達形式，看其呈現形式是否和其他小標題相一致。

【滿分技巧2】借助“提煉”將題

注意閱讀相關段落內容，提煉其中的中心詞（留意體現主旨的同義詞復現）串聯成標題。

【滿分技巧3】借助“推斷”解題

認真閱讀空后的下文內容，掌握該段大意，推斷出主旨句。

【滿分技巧4】借助“抓點”解題

設空處在段首時（設空在首段段首處除外），很有可能是過渡句（承上啟下句或導入句）。因此，要閱讀

上下文并抓住兩個重點：重點了解上一段，尤其是尾句的內容，還要快速瀏覽下一段的內容；二是要標

出關鍵詞。使所選答案能夠把上下兩段內容緊密的銜接起來。

【經典考例1］（引用原題號，以下同）

（2022?浙江1月高考卷節選）…

Pickthemostimportant.

Combineyouractivities.

—34―

Youwouldthinklearningtakesmoretimefromyou,butactuallytherearealwaysnewwaysofdoingthings

thatcansaveyoutimeondailytasks,freeingyouupforthemostimportant.Alwaysbelookingforanewwayto

gainbackanhourhereorthere.

Lightenup.

A.Speedup.

B.Beanactivelearner.

C.Stoptryingtobalancetimebetweenthemall.

D.Makechoicesaboutwhatismeaningfulinyourlife.

E.Thethingsyoudowellusuallygiveyougreaterjoy.

F.Perhapsthesetipswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtime.

G.Thisiswhymakinglistsisimportantinanyproductivityhandbook.

【經典考例2】

（2022?新高考II卷節選）Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.However,theprocesscanbe

madeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.

___36___Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwrite

nonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.___37___（Let

yourpenfollowthewavesofthought.）Don,tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechnique

won'tworkforeveryone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.

A.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.

B.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.

C.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.

D.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.

E.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.

F.Manybeginningwritersdon'tleaveenoughspacetorevise.

G.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.

【經典考例3】

（2020?新課標III卷節選）37Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnew

homeatalocalorstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentools

likeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn'taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingto

decoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.

___38___Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.Thereare

usuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,

probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortly

afterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes....

A.Thisisn'tusualthough.

B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.

C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.

D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.

E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.

F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.

G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.

熱點解讀

二、段中設,史的主要考點

段中上下文關聯句：從段落語篇結構、行文邏輯關系等方面命題。

滿分技巧

【滿分技巧1]借助“語篇結構”解題

閱讀七選五的體裁主要是說明文，語篇常采用“總——分”或“總——分——總”的結構。前一部

分說明事物的主題，下面幾部分從不同角度說明問題，最后總結。常見的標志性詞匯有：toconclude,tosum

up,generallyspeaking,inaword,inbrief,inconclusion,ingeneral,inshort,insummary,onthewhole等等。

【滿分技巧2】借助“解玲例證”斛題

段落后文對前文或解釋說明或舉例佐證。常見的標志性詞匯有：actually,asamatterof,infact,inother

words,thatistosay,forexample,forinstance等等。

【滿分技巧3】借助“轉折讓步”斛題

段落行文中后句與前句構成邏輯上的轉折關系或前句與后句構成邏輯上的讓步關系。常見的標志性

詞匯有：but,however,instead,nevertheless,or/otherwise,whereas,while,yet,atanyrate,inanycase,onthe

contrary以及although/though/as,inspiteof等等。

【滿分技巧4】借助“層層推進”斛題

段落行文中前句與后面的數句在某種意義上層層推進，一層更進一層，即通常所說的“遞進”。常

見的標志性詞匯有：besides,even,further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,not...but,notonly...butalso,to

makemattersworse,what'sworse,whafsmore等等。

【滿分技巧5】借助“原因結果”斛題

前句與后句之間構成前因后果或者前果后因的關系。常見的標志性詞匯有：accordingly,consequently,

hence,so/therefore/thus,asaresultof,dueto,nowthat,such/so...thatthanksto,等等。

【滿分技巧6】借助“齊頭并進”斛題

指句子與句子之間齊頭并進互不相屬形成并列關系，用了一起說明同一個問題。常見的標志性詞匯

有：and,first/firstly,second/secondly,third/thirdly,next,then,inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,forone

thing...foranotherthing,finally/last等等。

特別提醒：以上所有這些標志性詞匯有可能出現在原文中，也有可能出現在備選項中。

【經典考例1]

（2017?新高考I卷節選）Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.

___37___Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethe

bathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseof

sunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.

A.Thistimetherewasnotent.

B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.

C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.

D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.

E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.

F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.

G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.

【經典考例2]

（2020?全國卷I節選）?Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofour

shortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.___38___Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthan

gettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate（有同情心）response?

“Thatdidn'tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.^^

A.Feelingupsetagain?

B.Wheredoyoustart?

C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.

D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.

E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.

F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.

G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?

【經典考例3】

（2021?新高考卷I節選）Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeone

notedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.___38___Frenchstrawberries

donottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.

B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.

C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.

D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.

E.ThafsnottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.

F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.

G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.

【經典考例4]

（2020?山東卷節選）Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.___36___Doyouwanttobe

agoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.

Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.Toooftenwhenyoustandup

togiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public“attheexpenseofthe“speaking.“___37___Focusonthespeaking.

Talkdirectlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.

A.Dotheopposite.

B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.

C.Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.

D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.

E.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience

F.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners

G.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.

【經典考例5]

（2021?新高考I卷節選）Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,the

plumbing（水管）worked.___37___Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,atOuverturedes

portes,inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andifsashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.

B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.

C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.

D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.

E.ThafsnottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.

F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.

G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.

【經典考例6]

（2021?新高考I卷節選）MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.___36___Sothefirstthingwedidwas

rentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveour

suitcasesinthehallway.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.

B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.

C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.

D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.

E.ThafsnottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.

F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.

G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.

【經典考例7】

（2020?全國高考HI卷節選）Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormoves

intoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.The

partyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.___36___Anditisgoodtime

tofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefulpresents.

A.Thisisn'tusualthough.

B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.

C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.

D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.

E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.

F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.

G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.

熱點解讀

三、段尾設,史的主要考點

首段末句設空的考點：承上啟下句，引出全文要談的幾個方面（段落）；全文主題句；

段落末句設空的考點：段落主題句/總結句（往往與段落開頭呼應）；（承上啟下）過渡句或細節支撐

句

（與空前或空后內容形成某種內在的邏輯關系）；

全文末句設空的考點：全文的總結句（往往與文章開頭呼應）。

滿分技巧

【滿分技巧1］借助“前呼后應”斛題

尾句要跟段首句呼應以及要跟前文中的一兩句呼應。

【滿分技巧1］借助“瞻前顧后”將題

先看空格前的句子看是否與尾句有關聯。如果看不出，就要考慮看下一段的首句，看看是否有關聯

O

【滿分技巧1］借助“遂握優先”斛題

分析尾句與空格的前句之間的邏輯關系。

【經典考例1】

（2017?全國新課標III卷節選）Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou'retiredoutbyFriday

night,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsinto

yoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.___39___

Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou've

triedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.___40___（Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepit

up.）Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.

A.Getasleepspecialist.

B.Findtherightmotivation.

C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.

D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.

E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.

F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.

G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.

【經典考例2】

（2021?6月浙江卷節選）

You'vegotmail...andifsapostcard

PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfinda

brightlycoloredpictureofRome9sColosseum.OrAfrica^VictoriaFalls.OrChina'sGreatWall.___11_

“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethataftera

while,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit...”

A.Andthafstotallyfine

B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit

C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby

D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.

E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.

F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.

G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.

【經典考例3】

（2020?山東卷節選）Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewho

caresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People'sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeople

onlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker'smessage.So,don'tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunless

it'satrulyseriousone.___18___

A.Dotheopposite.

B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.

C.Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.

D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.

E.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience

F.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners

G.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.

【經典考例4]

（2020-6月浙江卷節選）Abrightspotformeturnedouttobereading.Myloveofthewrittenwordbeganearly

asmymotherreadtomeeveryevening.___32___（Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.）Istarted

readingbooksonmyownbeforeage5andmymothertookmetothepubliclibraryonceaweektoborrowseveral

books.Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren'sbookstooneswithfewerpicturesandlongerchapters.Reading

openednewworldstome.___33___

A.Iwasn'taloneanylonger.

B.Ienjoyedreadingstoriesaloud.

C.Iwasinvitedtoplaywithanotherkid.

D.Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.

E.AnotherhabitIformedearlywasbeingoutdoors.

F.Thus,Ibeganmylifelonginterestinmakingthings.

G.Myolderbrothercouldn'tbebotheredtoplaywithme.

限時檢測

（題目序號仿新高考）

每篇答題時間不超過8分鐘

Passage1

（2022?廣東高三期中）Readytoupgradeyourusualwalkaroundtheparkforahikeinthewild?___36___So,

beforeyousetoff,here'ssometipsandrecommendations.

Chooseyourtrail（〃、路）.Areyouupforaclimborwouldyouprefermoreofaneasierwalk?Consider

thingsliketheamountoftimeyouhaveforyourhike,aswellasthedistanceanddifficultylevel.Besuretodo

plentyofresearchandmapoutyourstartandendpoints.___37___Checktheweatherforecast.There9snosuch

thingasbadweatherifyou'vecomeprepared!Socheckingtheweatherforecastinadvanceisvital.

___38___Forasunnyhike,abaseballcapaddsasportyedgetoyourhikingoutfitwhilekeepingthesunfrom

youreyes.

___39___Awell-packedbackpackcanmake-or-breaktheexperienceofyourhike.Fillyourwatercontainer

andstoreupenergy-increasingsnackstokeepyougoingonyourtrail.Afirstaidkitandmaparealsoworth

poppinginyourbag,too.Beforeyoupack,ifsimportanttochooseagoodqualitybackpackthafslightweight

andcomfortable.

Layerup.Wonderingwhattowearonahike?___40___Thisthree-layersystemincludesabaselayernextto

yourskin,anadjustablelayerontopandanoutershelltoprotectyoufromwaterandwind.Hopefullyyouwon't

bebattlingtheelementstoomuch,butlayeringupwithlightclothesmeansyoucanstayonthetrailwithasmile

onyourface.

A.Packyournecessitiesinaqualitybackpack.

B.Youwanttokeepyourbackpackaslightaspossible.

C.Incaseofrain,awaterproofjacketshouldbeonyourchecklist.

D.Lightweightshoesareagoodbalancebetweensupportandstability.

E.Anddon'tforgettoletsomeoneknowyourtrailifyou'rehikingalone.

F.Experthikerssuggestathree-layerapproachtodressingwellforaroughday.

G.Preparationiskeytothedifferencebetweenagoodhikeandanunforgettableone.

Passage2

（2022?湖北恩施市一中模擬預測）TheUnitedStatesisavastcountrywheretherearefourdifferenttime

zones.Inaddition,manypartsofthecountryobservedaylightsavingtime（DST）aswell.InareasthatadoptDST,

theclockismovedonehourforwardforthesummer.Thus,thelocaltimevariesacrossdifferentareasofthe

country.___36___Ithasbeenchangedmanytimesovertheyears.

Fordecades,boththeEasternTimeZoneandCentralTimeZonehaveexistedwithinthestate.Manyareas

inthestatehaveswitchedbackandforthbetweenEasternTimeandCentralTime.Furthermore,untilvery

recently,policyconcerningDSTdifferedfromoneplacetoanother.___37In2006,however,theentirestate

startedtoobserveDST.

SomehavearguedthatthetimesysteminIndianaharmslocalbusinessesworkingwithcompaniesoutside

ofIndiana.Forexample,acompanyinIndianaoncescheduledaphoneconferencewithcompaniesinother

states.___38___Thiswasbecausethosewhomissedtheconferencedidnotknowinwhichtimezonethe

companywaslocated.

___39___LocalbusinessesmaybenefitfrombeingintheEasternTimeZonewherethefinancialcenterof

theentirecountry,WallStreetinNewYorkCity,islocated.Meanwhile,thismaynotbeconvenientforresidents

inthewesternpartsofIndianawhocommute（通勤）tomajorcitiesintheCentralTimeZone,likeChicago,just

acrossthestateborder.

ThecontroversyovertimeinIndianawaspartlyresolvedin2006.___40___However,thereisstill

disagreementabouthavingtwodifferenttimezonesinthestate.Thisdebatemaycontinueaslongaspeople

livingindifferentpartsofthestatehavedifferentneeds.

A.InotherareasDSTwasadopted.

B.Itisnoteasytoresolvethisissue.

C.TheentirestatestartedtoobserveDST.

D.Onlyhalfoftheparticipantswereonline.

E.MostareasintheEasternTimeZonedidnotadoptDST.

F.ThestateofIndianaisknownforitscomplextimesystem.

G.ItdependsonwhichtimezonetheareaisinandwhetherDSTisadopted.

Passage3

（2022?湖南武岡市教育科學研究所高三期中）

Howtotellyourcareerstory

Ibelievetellingyourstoryisoneofthemostimportantlifeskillsbecauseitisthemomentwhenyou

committothechangewhatyouwanttomakeinyourlife___36___.

Sharewhatyoureallywanttodo

Ifyouknowwhatyoureallywanttodoforwork,tellpeopleevenifyouhaven'ttakenyourfirststepdown

thatpath.Don'tholdback,goforit!___37___,notwhatyouaredoingrightnow.Whenyoutalkaboutthework

you'vealwayswantedtodo,you'llnaturallysoundmoreexcited,andotherpeoplewillsenseyourexcitement.

Shareyourmotivation

Assoonasyoutellsomeoneabouttheworkyou'vealwayswantedtodo,immediatelytellthemaboutyour

motivationfordoingit.Communicateyour"why”,yourpurpose,andyourreasonformakingachangeinyour

work.___38___iftheybelieveyourintentionsarereliable.Youmightevenshareapersonalstory.

―39—?

Yourpastexperienceshavevalue.Theyprovidedyouwithmarketableskillsthatyoucanuseinnewways

tosupportyournewwork.Theyarepartofyournewstory.Whenyoutalktosomeoneaboutwhatyouwantto

do,sharehowyourpastexperiencesmakeyouuniquelyqualifiedtodoit.Howdidtheyleadyouheretotake

thisnextstep?Showhowthey5rehelpingyouworktowardyournewpurpose.Forexample,myworkatCBS

Newshelpedmetotellstories.Myworkatdot-comshelpedmeunderstandthepossibilitiesofthedigital

media.___40___.Myworkasanentrepreneurhelpedmeunderstandhowtobu