PAGEPAGE1Unit21HumanBiology實(shí)力提升題組訓(xùn)練(B)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024四川德陽高三二診)TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysthatthediseasepolioisnolongerwidespreadinIndia.In2009,halfoftheworld’scasesofpoliowerethere.Butin2011,therewasonlyonenewcaseofpoliointhecountry.Polioiscausedbyavirus.Itspreadsveryquicklyfromonepersontoanother.Victimsoftenlosetheuseoftheirarmsandlegs.Inthemostseriouscases,poliocankillaperson.Twenty-fiveyearsago,polioaffectedabout200,000childreninIndiaeachyear.TheUnitedNationschildren’sorganization,UNICEF,sentteamsofhealthworkersintolocalvillages.Teammemberstoldfamiliesintheirneighborhoodabouttheimportanceofgivingliquidmedicinetochildrentoprotectthemagainstpolio.Butitwasnoteasyatfirst.Amembersaid,“Theyusedtothinkthatourchildrenwillnotbeabletohavechildrenwhentheygrowupiftheygetthedrops.Theyusedtothinklikethis.Butnowtheydon’t.Nowtheyallowtheirkidstogetthedrops.”Nowthingshavechanged.AsmaKhatunisamotherinthetownofGhaziabadinthenorthernstateofUttarPradesh.Shesaid,“Wheneveranyonecomes,wegetthechildrenvaccinated(接種疫苗).Evenifnobodycametoourhouse,wewouldsendourchildrentoaclinictogetvaccinated.”AlocalMuslimleadersaysthevaccinationcampaignhasbeensuccessfulbecauseitissupportedbyreligiousleaders.Hesaid,“ThepoliovaccinationcampaignhasbeensuccessfulherebecauseourMuslimscholarsarewithus.Withtheirsupport,weareabletomakepeopleunderstandthatgivingchildrenthevaccineisbeneficialandcrucial.”TheIndiangovernmenthasnowlaunchedanewcampaigntovaccinate170millionchildrenundertheageoffive.Thecampaignwilltargetnewbornbabies,migrantsandpeoplelivinginpoor,crowdedareaswherethediseasespreadsmorequickly.1.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Totelltheworldhowtofightagainstpolio.B.TotellusgoodnewsaboutfightingagainstpolioinIndia.C.Toprovethatwithgoodmethodspoliocanbeprevented.D.ToexplainwhypeopleinIndiaarenolongerafraidofpolio.2.WelearnthatwhenparentsinIndiawerefirstadvisedtogettheirchildrenvaccinated,they.

A.didn’tbelieveitcouldpreventpolio B.becamerelaxedandbelieveditwouldworkC.wereafraiditwoulddoharmtotheirchildren D.wereafraiditwouldmaketheirchildrendie3.WhatisMuslimleaders’attitudetowardsgettingchildrenvaccinatednow?A.Supportive. B.Negative. C.Uncaring. D.Worried.4.Weknowfromthelastparagraphthatthenewcampaign.

A.wasstartedbytheWorldHealthOrganization B.issuccessfulmainlybecauseofMuslimscholarsC.aimsat170millionchildrenundertheageoffive D.mainlytargetspeoplelivinginpoorandcrowdedareas語篇解讀:本文是記敘文,主要講了全世界的人們是如何戰(zhàn)勝脊髓灰質(zhì)炎這種疾病的。答案及剖析:1.A寫作意圖題。依據(jù)第一段中的TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysthatthediseasepolioisnolongerwidespreadinIndia.In2009,halfoftheworld’scasesofpoliowerethere.Butin2011,therewasonlyonenewcaseofpoliointhecountry.可知,作者寫這篇文章的目的是告知人們,全世界是如何戰(zhàn)勝脊髓灰質(zhì)炎這種疾病的,故選A。2.C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Theyusedtothinkthatourchildrenwillnotbeabletohavechildrenwhentheygrowupiftheygetthedrops.Theyusedtothinklikethis.Butnowtheydon’t.Nowtheyallowtheirkidstogetthedrops.”可知,當(dāng)印度的家長第一次被建議給他們的孩子接種疫苗時(shí),他們擔(dān)憂疫苗會(huì)損害他們的孩子,故選C。3.A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段可知,現(xiàn)在伊斯蘭教的領(lǐng)袖對孩子們接種疫苗持支持看法,故選A。4.C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的TheIndiangovernmenthasnowlaunchedanewcampaigntovaccinate170millionchildrenundertheageoffive.可知選C。B(2024湖北黃岡高三聯(lián)考)Aboutacenturyago,theaveragelife-span(壽命)forAmericanswasabout50years.Today,thetypicalAmericanlivesforaroundseventy-eightyears.AccordingtoaGermanagingstudy,themaximumlifespaninindustrializedcountrieshasincreasedbytwoyearseverydecadesincethemid-19thcentury.Whataccountsforsuchincreasedlongevity?Between1900and1950,inventionssuchasrefrigeration(制冷技術(shù))andsewagetreatment(污水處理)meantthatyoungpeoplewereabletosurvivelonger.Moreover,medicalbreakthroughshelpedcontaindiseasessuchaspolio(小兒麻痹癥),whichkilledmanychildren.Theseadvanceshelpedincreasetheaveragelifespan.MedicaldiscoveriesafterWorldWarⅡtendedtobenefitolderpeople.Treatmentsforheartdisease,forexample,haveallowedtheelderlytolivelongeronaverage.Sodoesthismeanthatfuturemedicalbreakthroughswillresultinevenlongeraveragelifespans,orhavewereachedourlimit?Scientistsdisagree.Somearguethatifscienceisonedayabletoremovediseaseandold-ageinfirmity,therewillbevirtuallynolimitonhowlonghumanscanlive.Someevenpredictthatbytheyear2150,theaveragelifespanwillhaveincreasedtoaround120years.Otherlife-expectancyresearchersfindthatscenario(假設(shè))highlyunlikely.Ourbodies’cellscankeepreproducingforonlysolongbeforetheypeterout(分裂).Onlywhensciencefindsawaytokeepourcellsdividinglongerwillweseeanothersignificantleapinlifeexpectancy.Still,withplentyofexerciseandahealthydiet,thosewhoholdtheviewcanalwayshopethatthey’lllivelongenoughtobreaktherecordheldbyJeanneLouiseCalmentofFrance,wholivedtobe122.5.Comparedwiththeaveragelife-spanaboutacenturyago,thetypicalAmericanlivesaboutyearslongeratpresent.

A.50 B.78 C.28 D.426.AfterWorldWarⅡ,thelongeraveragelifespansmainlyresultedfrom.

A.refrigerationandsewagetreatment B.medicalbreakthroughsC.keepingthecellsdividinglonger D.reducingpolio7.Whatisthescientists’attitudetowardstheview“wehavereachedourlife-spanlimit”?A.Supportive. B.Objective. C.Optimistic. D.Disapproving.8.Accordingtosomelife-expectancyresearchers,keepingourbodies’cellsreproducingbeforetheypeteroutmaybe.

A.impossible B.possible C.exciting D.concerning語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文,通過美國人壽命的延長分析了人類壽命延長的緣由,以及科學(xué)家對壽命延長的看法。答案及剖析:5.C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段可知,一個(gè)世紀(jì)之前,美國人的平均壽命是大約50歲。今日,美國人的平均壽命是大約78歲;故與一個(gè)世紀(jì)前相比,現(xiàn)在的美國人大約多活28年,選C。6.B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句MedicaldiscoveriesafterWorldWarⅡtendedtobenefitolderpeople.可知,二戰(zhàn)之后,主要是醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)覺導(dǎo)致人類壽命增長,故選B。7.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句havewereachedourlimit?Scientistsdisagree.可知,科學(xué)家不同意我們已經(jīng)到達(dá)壽命極限的觀點(diǎn),disapproving不贊成的。故選D。8.A推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段中的Otherlife-expectancyresearchersfindthatscenario(假設(shè))highlyunlikely.Ourbodies’cellscankeepreproducingforonlysolongbeforetheypeterout(分裂).可知,讓我們的體細(xì)胞在分裂之前始終復(fù)制是特別不行能的,故選A。Ⅱ.語法填空Ifyouconsiderafter-schoolactivitiesasawasteoftime,youarewrong!After-schoolactivitieshelpusgrowup1.manyways.Aboveall,theyofferuschancestopractise2.welearninclass.Throughvarious3.(activity),wecanalsolearnmoreabouttoday’ssocietyandalotofnewthingsthatwecan’tlearnfrom4.(we)books.What’smore,theyhelpdevelopourabilitiesthat5.(need)bothforourstudiesnowandforourworkandlifeinthefuture.

Wearebusywithourstudiesinschool.So,asfarasI’m6.(concern),afterschoolweallneedtorelax.After-schoolactivitiesjustmakeitpossibleforus7.(breathe)freshairandremove8.(tired).Then,wecanpayattentiontoourstudiesandachievegoodresults.

Someafter-schoolactivitieswillmakeususefulandhelpfultoothers;somecankeepusstrongand9.(health);somemayevenchangeourlife.So,allthestudents,getoutandtake10.activepartinvariousafter-schoolactivities.

答案及剖析:1.in考查介詞。表示“以某種方式”用in...way。2.what考查賓語從句。動(dòng)詞practise后為一賓語從句,從句中缺少learn的賓語,故填what。3.activities考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。形容詞various修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.our考查代詞。修飾名詞books用形容詞性物主代詞。5.areneeded考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。關(guān)系代詞that代替ourabilities,與動(dòng)詞need之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,依據(jù)主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞help可知,此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填areneeded。6.concerned考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。asfarasI’mconcerned為固定短語,意為“在我看來”。7.tobreathe考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。it為形式賓語,真正賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式tobreathefreshairandremove8.(tired)。

8.tiredness考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處作賓語,故用提示詞的名詞形式。故填tiredness。9.healthy考查形容詞。與and之前的形容詞strong并行。10.an考查冠詞。takeanactivepartinsth.意為“主動(dòng)參與某事”。Ⅲ.書面表達(dá)(2024吉林長春高三二模)假設(shè)你是李華,你班同學(xué)在今日的英語課上就“中學(xué)生是否應(yīng)當(dāng)在學(xué)校運(yùn)用智能手機(jī)”進(jìn)行了課堂探討,同學(xué)們的觀點(diǎn)不一。請你依據(jù)下表內(nèi)容,為本次課堂探討結(jié)果撰寫一篇英文報(bào)道稿,內(nèi)容包括:1.探討的話題;2.支持理由:聯(lián)系父母便利;上網(wǎng)便捷,有益學(xué)習(xí);3.反對理由:影響學(xué)習(xí);