螺栓連接的構造與識圖TheConstructionandrecognitionofboltedconnections優點施工簡單，裝拆方便，對安裝工的要求高。耐疲勞，易阻止裂紋擴展。摩擦型高強度螺栓連接動力性能好。advantagesTheconstructionissimple,theassemblyanddisassemblyareconvenient,andtherequirementsforinstallersarehighFatigueresistance,easytopreventcrackpropagationFrictiontypehigh-strengthboltconnectionhasgooddynamicperformance.費料、開孔截面削弱缺點螺栓孔加工精度要求高disadvantagesMaterial,openholesectionweakenedThemachiningaccuracyofboltholesrequireshigh認識螺栓連接TheRecognizeboltedconnections螺栓連接普通螺栓高強螺栓A級B級C級按外形分大六角頭扭剪型按設計準則分摩擦型承壓型普通螺栓六角頭高強螺栓認識螺栓連接BoltedconnectionOrdinaryboltsHighstrengthboltsAclassBclassCclassOrdinaryboltsByformfactorAccordingtothedesignguidelinesLargehexagonalheadFrictiontypePressure-bearingtypeTwistedscissortypeHexagonalheadhigh-strengthboltsRecognizeboltedconnections螺栓性能等級符號螺栓性能等級標號有兩部分數字組成，分別表示螺栓材料的公稱抗拉強度值和屈強比值。例如，性能等級4.6級的螺栓，其含義是：螺栓材質公稱抗拉強度達400MPa級。螺栓材質的屈強比值為0.6。螺栓材質的公稱屈服強度達400×0.6=240Mpa認識螺栓連接BoltperformanceclasssymbolTheboltperformancegradedesignationconsistsoftwonumbers,indicatingthenominaltensilestrengthvalueandyieldratiovalueoftheboltmaterial.Forexample，Performanceclass4.6bolts,themeaningofwhichis:Thenominaltensilestrengthoftheboltmaterialreaches400MPaTheyieldratiooftheboltmaterialis0.6Thenominalyieldstrengthoftheboltmaterialreaches400×0.6=240MpaRecognizeboltedconnections普通螺栓連接基本情況BasicsituationofordinaryboltedconnectionOrdinaryboltstypeRefineboltsRoughboltsPerformancelevelGradesAandBClassCGrade5.6and8.8Levels4.6and4.8ProcessingmethodThelatheismachinedAsinglepartwaspunchedlasttimeMachiningaccuracyClassIhole:thedifferencebetweenthediameteroftheboltholeandthediameteroftheboltrodis0.2~0.5mmClassII.hole:thedifferencebetweenthediameteroftheboltholeandthediameteroftheboltrodis1.0~1.5mmShearresistanceGoodSlippagewillbeproduced,pooruseStructureswithhighcomponentaccuracy(mechanicalstructure);Itisrarelyusedinsteelstructures.Tensileconnectionalongtheboltrodshaft;secondaryshearconnection;Temporaryfixationoftheinstallation.Basicsituationofordinarybolts認識螺栓連接Recognizeboltedconnections2高強螺栓連接基本情況圖a大六角頭螺栓圖b扭剪型螺栓

1

2341-螺栓；2-墊圈；3-螺母；4-螺絲;5-槽口1235高強螺栓連接:由45號、40B和20MnTiB鋼加工而成，并經過熱處理。等級:8.8級（830Mpa）、10.9級（1040Mpa)。形式:大六角頭、扭剪型。認識螺栓連接Basicsituationofhigh-strengthboltedconnectionHigh-strengthboltedconnection:processedfromNo.45,40Band20MnTiBsteel,andheattreated.Grade:8.8(830Mpa),10.9(1040Mpa)Form:largehexagonalhead,twistscissortype1-bolt2-Gasket3-Nuts4-Screws5-NotchFigureALargehexheadboltFig.BTorsion-shearboltsRecognizeboltedconnections傳力途徑：

按確定承載力極限不同高強度螺栓摩擦型連接高強度螺栓承壓型連接被連板件間摩擦力傳力摩擦力被克服螺栓桿與孔壁承壓螺栓桿被剪壞孔壁被壓壞設計準則：動力荷載構件靜力或間接動力荷載構件應用：（1）螺栓桿被剪壞（2）孔壁的擠壓破壞高強螺栓連接基本情況認識螺栓連接ThelimitofbearingcapacityisdetermineddifferentlyHigh-strengthboltfrictiontypeconnectionHigh-strengthboltpressure-bearingtypeconnectionThefrictionbetweentheconnectedplatestransmitsforceTheboltrodisunderpressureagainsttheholewallFrictionisovercomeTheboltrodisshearedThewallsoftheholearecrushedDynamicloadmembersStaticorindirectdynamicloadmembersForcetransmissionpathwayDesignguidelinesapply(1)Theboltrodissheared(2)ExtrusionfailureoftheholewallRecognizeboltedconnections表2高強度螺栓連接的孔型尺寸匹配高強度螺栓孔應采用鉆成孔（一般為Ⅱ類孔），承壓型連接采用標準圓孔。高強螺栓連接基本情況認識螺栓連接High-strengthboltholesshouldbedrilledintoholes(generallyClassIIholes),andstandardroundholesshouldbeusedforpressure-bearingconnections.Table2Matchingtheholepatternofhigh-strengthboltedconnectionBoltnominalratingStandardholesLargeroundholeSlottedholesdiameterdiameterShort-orientedLongdirectionHoletypeRecognizeboltedconnections表2高強度螺栓連接的孔型尺寸匹配摩擦型連接可采用標準孔、大圓孔和槽孔。高強螺栓連接基本情況認識螺栓連接HoletypeStandardholesLargeroundholeSlottedholesLongdirectionShort-orienteddiameterdiameterFrictionconnectionsareavailablewithstandard,largeroundandslotholes.Table2Matchingtheholepatternofhigh-strengthboltedconnectionRecognizeboltedconnectionsRecognizeboltedconnections螺栓在構件上的排列應符合簡單整齊、規格統一、布置緊湊的原則，其連接中心宜與被連接構件截面的重心相一致。螺栓連接的構造與識圖BoltedconnectionconstructionanddrawingrecognitionThearrangementofboltsonthecomponentsshouldconformtotheprinciplesofsimpleandneat,uniformspecificationsandcompactarrangement,andtheconnectioncentershouldbeconsistentwiththecenterofgravityofthesectionoftheconnectedmember.螺栓的排列要求Requirementsforthearrangementofbolts并列錯列螺栓的排列要求TiedWrongcolumnRequirementsforthearrangementofboltsEndpitch簡單、整齊、緊湊所用連接板尺寸小，但構件截面削弱大。B錯列A并列中距中距邊距邊距端距錯列排列不緊湊，所用連接板尺寸大，但構件截面削弱小。螺栓的排列要求并列TiedWrongcolumnSimple,neatandcompact,thesizeoftheconnectingplateissmall,butthecross-sectionofthecomponentisweakenedgreatlyThearrangementisnotcompact,thesizeoftheconnectingplateusedislarge,butthecross-sectionofthememberisweakenedsmallTiedWrongcolumnEndpitchMediumrangeMediumrangeMarginsMarginsRequirementsforthearrangementofbolts1.2d0OtherboltsorrivetsHighstrengthboltsRollededges,automaticprecisiongascuttingorsawnedges1.5d0CutedgeorhandgascutedgeVerticalinternalforcedirection2d04d0or8tFollowthedirectionofinternalforcescentreTothestructurepieceedgeMarginInthediagonaldirection16d0或24tpullingforce12d0或18tpressureFollowthedirectionofinternalforces16d0或24tVerticalinternalforcedirectionmiddlespace3d08d0或12tOutwardrow(verticalinternalforcedirectionorinternalforcedirection)centrespacingMinimumtolerancedistanceMaximumallowabledistance(whicheverissmaller)Locationandorientationname表3螺栓或鉚釘的最大、最小容許距離注：(1)d0為螺栓孔或鉚釘孔直徑，t為外層較薄板件的厚度；

(2)鋼板邊緣與剛性構件(如角鋼、槽鋼等)相連的螺栓或鉚釘的最大間距，可按中間排的數值采用。螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsTable3MaximumandminimumallowabledistancesofboltsorrivetsNote:(1)d0isthediameterofboltholeorrivethole,andtisthethicknessofouterplate;(2)Themaximumdistancebetweentheboltsorrivetsconnectedwiththesteelplateedgeandtherigidmember(suchasAnglesteel,channelsteel,etc.)canbeadoptedaccordingtothevalueofthemiddlerow.1.2d0OtherboltsorrivetsHighstrengthboltsRollededges,automaticprecisiongascuttingorsawnedges1.5d0CutedgeorhandgascutedgeVerticalinternalforcedirection2d04d0or8tFollowthedirectionofinternalforcescentreTothestructurepieceedgeMarginInthediagonaldirection16d0或24tpullingforce12d0或18tpressureFollowthedirectionofinternalforces16d0或24tVerticalinternalforcedirectionmiddlespace3d08d0或12tOutwardrow(verticalinternalforcedirectionorinternalforcedirection)centrespacingMinimumtolerancedistanceMaximumallowabledistance(whicheverissmaller)Locationandorientationname表3螺栓或鉚釘的最大、最小容許距離注：(1)d0為螺栓孔或鉚釘孔直徑，t為外層較薄板件的厚度；

(2)鋼板邊緣與剛性構件(如角鋼、槽鋼等)相連的螺栓或鉚釘的最大間距，可按中間排的數值采用。螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsTable3MaximumandminimumallowabledistancesofboltsorrivetsNote:(1)d0isthediameterofboltholeorrivethole,andtisthethicknessofouterplate;(2)Themaximumdistancebetweentheboltsorrivetsconnectedwiththesteelplateedgeandtherigidmember(suchasAnglesteel,channelsteel,etc.)canbeadoptedaccordingtothevalueofthemiddlerow.邊距：垂直于內力方向，螺栓中心至構件邊緣距離。中距中距邊距邊距端距NN中距：螺栓中心至螺栓中心距離。端距：螺栓中心至構件邊緣距離，平行于內力方向。螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsEdgedistance:perpendiculartothedirectionofinternalforce,thedistancebetweentheboltcenterandtheedgeofthemember.Middledistance:distancebetweenthecenteroftheboltandthecenterofthebolt.Enddistance:distancebetweenboltcenterandmemberedge,paralleltothedirectionofinternalforce.EnddistanceMediandistancemarginmarginMediandistance端距端距中距邊距線距3d02d03d01.5d01.5d03d03d02d0端距邊距1.5d0(1.2d0)2d02d01.5d03d0端距并列錯列圖3螺栓最小容許距離螺栓的排列要求RequirementsforthearrangementofboltsEnddistanceEnddistancemisalignmentmarginmarginEnddistanceFIG.3MinimumallowabledistanceofboltMediandistanceEnddistanceSidebysideLinepitchmargin螺栓的識圖Diagramrecognitionofbolts螺栓的識圖Diagramrecognitionofbolts1.Thintenlinesindicatesthepositioningline2.Mindicatesthepositioningline3.φindicatesthedia