道岔轉轍設備機械原理ThemechanicalprincipleofTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical天津鐵道職業技術學院聯鎖與軌旁信號設備維護高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理（一）ZD6型電動轉轍機工作原理當電動機通入規定方向的道岔控制電流，電動機軸按圖中所示的逆時針方向旋轉。電動機通過齒輪帶動減速器，這時輸入軸按順時針方向旋轉，輸出軸按逆時針方向旋轉。輸出軸通過起動片帶動主軸，按逆時針方向旋轉。鎖閉齒輪隨主軸逆時針方向旋轉，鎖閉齒輪在旋轉中完成解鎖、轉換、鎖閉三個過程，撥動齒條塊，使動作桿帶動道岔尖軌向右移動，密貼于右側尖軌并鎖閉。同時通過起動片、速動片、速動爪帶動自動開閉器的動接點動作，與表示桿配合，斷開第1，3排接點，接通第2、4排接點。完成電動轉轍機轉換、鎖閉及給出道岔表示的任務。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple1.WorkingprincipleofZD6typeelectricswitchmachineWhenthemotorispassedintotheturnoutcontrolcurrentinthespecifieddirection,themotorshaftrotatesinthecounterclockwisedirectionasshowninthefigure.Themotordrivesthereducerthroughthegear,whentheinputshaftrotatesintheclockwisedirectionandtheoutputshaftrotatesinthecounterclockwisedirection.Theoutputshaftdrivesthespindlethroughthestarterblade,whichrotatesinthecounterclockwisedirection.Thelockinggearrotatescounterclockwisewiththemainshaft,andthelockinggearcompletesthethreeprocessesofunlocking,convertingandlockingintherotation,togglestherackblock,makestheactionleverdrivetheturnouttonguerailtotheright,closetotherighttonguerailandlockit.Atthesametime,throughthestartingpiece,speedingpieceandspeedingclaw,itdrivesthedynamiccontactoftheswitchcircuitcontrol,andcooperateswiththeindicatingrodtodisconnectthe1stand3rdrowsofcontactsandconnectthe2ndand4throwsofcontacts.Itcompletesthetaskofswitching,lockingandindicatingtheturnoutbyelectricswitchmachine.高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理（二）ZYJ7型電液轉轍機工作原理1.液壓傳動原理液壓傳動借助于處于密閉容器內的液體的壓力來傳遞能量和動力。液體雖然沒有立體的幾何形狀，卻有幾乎不變的容積。當它被容納于密閉的系統之中時，就可以將壓力由一處傳遞到另一處。當高壓液體在管道、油缸中流動時，就能傳遞機械能。任何液壓傳動都是建立在這種通過處于密閉容器中的受壓液體流動來傳遞機械能的基礎上的。2.ZYJ7型電液轉轍機油路系統工作原理High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple2.TheworkingprincipleofZYJ7electro-hydraulicswitchmachine1.PrincipleofHydraulicTransmissionThehydraulictransmissiontransfersenergyandpowerbyemployingthepressureoftheliquidintheairtightcontainer,whichdoesnothaveathree-dimensionalgeometricshape,butanalmostconstantvolume.Whencontainedinaclosedsystem,itcantransferpressurefromoneplacetoanother.Whenhigh-pressureliquidflowsinpipesorcylinders,itcantransfermechanicalenergy.Hydraulictransmissionisbasedonthetransmissionofmechanicalenergythroughtheflowofpressurizedliquidinaclosedcontainer.2.TheworkingprincipleoftheoilsystemoftheZYJ7electro-hydraulicswitchmachine高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理3.ZYJ7型電液轉轍機機械動作原理4.ZYJ7型電液轉轍機的檢查和表示裝置由固定座、拐臂、鎖閉檢查柱、軸承座、傳動桿及齒輪、動作板、速動片、彈簧、接點組和內外表示桿組成。轉轍機處于拉入位置時，鎖閉檢查柱與內表示桿的主鎖閉桿缺口對應，只有缺口對準了，鎖閉檢查柱方可落入檢查口。用此來檢查道岔尖軌密貼，并通過拐臂帶動接點組構成表示電路。轉轍機在伸出位置時，鎖閉檢查柱與副鎖閉桿缺口對應，即檢查了此時尖軌的密貼。接點組與動作板、速動片、啟動片的動作關系如圖。5.ZYJ7型電液轉轍機的手動轉換為滿足電源中斷或發生其它故障對轉換道岔及檢修作業的需要，ZYJ7型電液轉轍機設置了手動裝置，分為手搖裝置和扳動裝置兩種。ZYJ7型電液轉轍機機械動作原理High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple3.ThemechanicalprincipleofZYJ7electro-hydraulicswitchmachine4.InspectionandindicationoftheZYJ7electro-hydraulicswitchTheinspectionanddisplaydevicesoftheZYJ7electro-hydraulicswitchiscomposedofafixedseat,acrankarm,alockcheckcolumn,abearingseat,atransmissionrodandgear,anactionplate,asnap-actionplate,aspring,acontactgroup,andinnerandouterindicationpoles.Whentheswitchmachineispulledin,thelockinginspectioncolumncorrespondstotheopeningofthemainlockingrodoftheinnerindicatingrod.Onlywhentheyarebestaligned,canthelockinginspectioncolumnfallintotheinspectionopening.Itisusedtochecktheclosureofthetonguerail.Thecrankarmisappliedtodrivethecontactgroupstoformadisplaycircuit.5.ManualswitchoftheZYJ7electro-hydraulicswitchWhentheswitchoverandmaintenanceoperationsareneededincaseofpoweroutagesorotherfailures,theZYJ7switchisequippedwithamanualdeviceoftwotypes:ahandcrankandapulldevice.MechanicalactionprinciplediagramofZYJ7typeelectro-hydraulicswitchmachine高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理（四）外鎖閉裝置工作原理1.分動尖軌用鉤式外鎖閉裝置動作原理當轉轍機動作桿帶動鎖閉桿移動，密貼尖軌處的鎖鉤缺口隨之入槽并移動，當動作到另一側尖軌與基本軌密貼時，鎖鉤沿鎖閉桿斜面向上爬起，鎖鉤升至鎖閉桿凸塊頂面時，鎖鉤同時被鎖閉鐵和鎖閉桿卡住不能落下，從而實現鎖閉。本側鎖鉤的缺口卡在鎖閉桿的凸起處不能移動，保持尖軌與基本軌的開口基本不變。初始狀態右側尖軌解鎖，左側尖軌轉換中左側尖軌到位過程左側尖軌鎖閉完成，右側尖軌轉換到位High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple4.Externallockingdeviceworkingprinciple1.ActionprincipleofhooktypeexternallockingdeviceforsplittingpointedrailWhentheactionleverofswitchmachinedrivesthelockingrodtomove,thenotchoflockinghookattheclose-fittingpointedrailentersthegrooveandmoves,andwhentheactionreachestheclose-fittingpointedrailandstockrailontheotherside,thelockinghookclimbsupwardalongtheslopingsurfaceofthelockingrod,andwhenthelockinghookrisestothetopsurfaceofthebumpofthelockingrod,thelockinghookisstuckbythelockingironandthelockingrodatthesametimeandcannotfalldown,thusrealizingthelocking.Thenotchofthissidelockinghookisstuckattheprojectionoflockinglevercannotmove,keepingtheopeningoftonguerailandstockrailbasicallyunchanged.StartstateRighttiptrackunlocked,lefttiptrackintransitionlefttonguerailinplaceLefttongueraillockingcompleted,righttonguerailconversioninplace高速鐵路道岔轉轍設備機械、電路工作原理初始狀態解鎖