語法句型和時態海口山高實驗中學陳麗雅2025.03.16這份復習資料旨在引導學生學會觀察和總結，老師糾錯和拓展。初中英語語法簡單句的5種基本類型1.Isee.Iunderstand.Helaughed.Shecried.Shehasgone.2.Isawhim.Iunderstoodher.Helaughedatme.Iamhavingmylunch.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.3.Isawhimsleeping.Iheardthemsinging.Liyamade/keptmeangry.Shehashelpedhimcleanourclassroom.Weshouldkeepitclean.4.Mymomboughtmeabike.Theyhavewrittenmealetter.Sheispassinghimanotebook.觀察并判斷句子結構5.Springiscoming.Treesturnsgreen.Flowerssmellsweet.Theairisfresh,Theskyisclear.01簡單句的5種基本類型主語+不及物動詞(S+Vi)主謂主語+及物動詞+賓語(S+Vt+O)主謂賓主語+系動詞+表語(S+系V+P)主系表主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+Vt+IO+DO)01020304主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(S+Vt+O+C)05特殊句型：therebe本節課內容主語+系動詞+表語(S+系V+P)主系表主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+Vt+IO+DO)主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(S+Vt+O+C)1.描述感覺或情緒-Iamhappy.（我很開心。）

-Sheisexcited.（她很興奮。）-Heisnervous.（他很緊張。）-Theyaresurprised.(他們很驚訝)-Wearebored.（我們很無聊。）主系表結構structure:SVP2.描述狀態或特征-Themovieisinteresting.（這部電影很有趣）-Thebookisboring.（這本書很無聊。）-Theweatherisnice.（天氣很好。）-Themusicsoundsbeautiful.(音樂聽起來

很美。)3.

描述身份或性質-Sheisateacher.-Theyarestudents.-Heismybestfriend.-Thisisanimportantlesson.

（這是一節重要的課。）4.感官動詞+形容詞-Theflowerssmellsweet.（這些花聞起來很香。）-Themusicsoundsamazing.這音樂聽起來很美。-Thefoodtastesdelicious這食物嘗起來很美味。-Theclothfeelssoft.（這塊布摸起來很柔軟。）-Thepicturelooksamazing.這張照片看起來很棒。觀察領悟1PART1主語+系動詞+表語(S+系V+P)主語+系動詞+表語(S+系V+P)這種句型稱為主系表結構，系動詞后面必須跟表語，構成系表結構表示主語的狀態、性質、特征等情況。系表等同于謂語。講解及運用1用來表示主語狀態，只有be動詞。be動詞am/is/aream/is過去式是was,are過去式是were。你可以把be動詞翻譯為是。(我用am,你用are,is連著她他它,另外單數is,復數are)Heisill.Shewasateacher.Iamaboy.系動詞分類1-狀態系動詞用來表示主語繼續或者保持一種狀況或態度。主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand。Hekeepssilent.Shestayedcalm.系動詞分類2-持續系動詞用來表示看起來像。主要有seem,appear,look。Helookstied.Heseemsverysad.系動詞分類3-表像系動詞分別是觸覺,嗅覺,聽覺,味覺,視覺感受即feel,smell,sound,taste,look.Thisflowersmellssweet.Thisclothfeelsverycomfortable.系動詞分類4-感官系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣。如become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。Hebecomesmad.Shegrowsrich.

系動詞分類5-變化系動詞變為，成為become（職業）Shakespearbecameafamouswriterwhenhegrewup.get（逐漸變成）Wearegetgtingbetterandbetter.Itgetsdark.grow（成長變化）Thetreesgrowtall.turn（顏色變化）Thetreesturngreen.表示主語已終止動作,主要有prove,turnout。表達證實,變成之意。Thecompetitorprovestoostrongforme.

系動詞分類6-終止系動詞Module1:

Feelings&Impressions--Shegavemeawarmhug.--Hersmilebroughtussome

hope.主謂間接賓直接賓結構SVtIDODModule2:Experiences

--Theoldmantoldusanamazingstory.--.Mymomsentmeaphoto.

Module3:

SpaceTravel--CNSAofferedtheastronautsspecialtraining.--TheteachershowedthestudentsavideoaboutMars.CNSA(ChinaNa.tionalSpaceAdministration)中國國家航天局Module4:SeeingaDoctor-Thenursehandedmeamedicinebox.-.Dadboughtmesomemedicine.Module5:Cartoons--MickeyMousealwaysbringschildrenlotsofjoy.觀察領悟2PART2主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+Vt+IO+DO)主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+Vt+IO+DO)。這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓結構，其謂語應是可跟雙賓語的及物動詞，兩個賓語一個是間接賓語，一個是直接賓語。常用雙賓動詞：give（給）send（發送）tell（告訴）show（展示）buy（買）offer（提供）lend（借出）講解及運用2她父親給她買了個布娃娃。他給我寫了封信。He

wrote

me

aletter.主語謂語間賓直賓Module1:

Feelings&Impressions--Thenewsmadeherveryhappy.--Hiswordskeptmeexcitedallday.主謂賓賓補結構SVtOCModule2:Experiences

--Wehavefoundthestoryveryinteresting..--Isawhimplayingbasketballyesterday.Module3:

SpaceTravel--TheastronautswatchedtheEarthrisefromspace.--Scientistscallthisplanet"theRedPlanet".

Module4:SeeingaDoctor-Thedoctoradvisedmetodrinkmorewater.--Thenursemadethepatientfeelbetter.Module5:Cartoons--Theynamedthecartooncharacter"MickeyMouse".--Theartistdrewtheheroflyinginthesky.觀察領悟3PART3主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(S+Vt+O+C)賓語補語是指在英語中有些及物動詞，接了賓語意義仍不完整，還需要有一個其它的句子成分，來補充說明賓語的意義、狀態等，其補語是賓語補足語，與賓語一起構成復合賓語。講解及運用3我們必須保持教室整潔。他讓我生氣了。He

made

me

angry.主語謂語賓語賓語補足語初中英語語法時態注意不規則動詞變化練習題根據學情自行造句。時態句型FormMeaningStructureUse陳述句（肯定）1)V,V-s2)am,is,are主+V/Vs+其他.HelivesinHaikou.陳述句（否定）do/doesnot+V主+do/doesnot+V+其他Hedoesnot

liveinHaikou,一般疑問句(Yes/No)Do/Does...+VDo/Does

主+V+其他?DoesheliveinHaikou?特殊問句(問啥答啥）6W+一般疑問句1.一般現在時（1）V=do+V,donot+V;V-s=does+V,

doesnot+V;be(am,is,are)，benot時態句型FormMeaningStructureUse陳述句（肯定）am,is,are主+be+其他.HeisinHaikou.陳述句（否定）am,is,arenot主+am,is,arenot+其他Heis

notinHaikou,一般疑問句(Yes/No)Am,Is,AreAm,Is,Are主+其他?isheinHaikou?特殊問句(問啥答啥）6W+一般疑問句1.一般現在時（2）V=do+V,donot+V;V-s=does+V,

doesnot+V;be(am,is,are)，benot時態句型FormMeaningStructureUse陳述句（肯定）V-edwas,were主+Ved+其他.HelivedinHaikoulastyear.陳述句（否定）didnot+V主+didnot+V+其他Hedidnot

liveinHaikoulastyear.一般疑問句(Yes/No)Did...+VDid主+V+其他?DidheliveinHaikoulastyear?特殊問句(問啥答啥）6W+一般疑問句2.一般過去時V-ed=did+V,didnot+V;be(was,were).was/werenot時態句型FormMeaningStructureUse陳述句（肯定）will+V主+will+V+其他.Hewill

liveinHaikounextyear.陳述句（否定）willnot+V主+willnot+V+其他Hewillnot

liveinHaikounextyear.一般疑問句(Yes/No)Will...+VWill

主+V+其他?WillheliveinHaikounextyear?特殊問句6W+一般疑問句3.一般將來時will+V,willnot+V時態句型FormMeaningStructureUse陳述句（肯定）be

+Ving,主+be+Ving其他.HeislivinginHaikounow.陳述句（否定）be

+notVing,主+benot+Ving+其他Heisnot

livinginHaikounow.一般疑問句(Yes/No)be+...VingBe+主Ving+其他?IshelivinginHaikounow?特殊問句(問啥答啥）6W+一般疑問句4.現在進行時be(am,is,are)+V-ing,be(am,is,are)not+V-ing時態句型FormMeaningStructureUse陳述句（肯定）be+V-ing主+beVing其他.Hewasdoinghishomeworkat7:00p.myesterday.陳述句（否定）be+not+V-ing